什么可以做主語、謂語、賓語

1、一、什么是主語？主語表示句子主要說明的人或事物什么可以做主語？名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、動名詞、不定式、名詞化的形容詞、短語、從句。名詞作主語 David arrived last night. 大衛(wèi)昨晚到達。 Pride goes before a fall. 驕必敗。 A mooncake is a delicious, round cake.月餅是一種美味的，圓的餅干。The first truck is carrying a few baskets.第一輛拖拉機正在搬運一些籃子。The temperature will stay above zero.溫度將會保持0度以上。代詞作主語 Who

2、is speaking, please? （在電話中）請問您是誰？ That is OK. 這沒問題。 It is a young forest.它是一片年輕的森林。I do not know if it will grow.我不知道它是否會生長。That is a bit expensive.那是有一點貴。You had better buy a new pair.你最好買一雙新的。It 作主語，有如下情況：1)指代剛剛提到的事物：Whats this ? Its a bus. (指代what)2)指代一個你不知道或判斷不清性別的人：Whos knocking the door? Its m

3、e. (指代 who)Whos the baby in the picture? Its my sister. (指代 who)3) 表示時間，天氣，距離：Whats the time? Its eight oclock. (時間)Whats it going to be tomorrow? Its going to be rainy.(天氣)How far is it? Its about one kilometre away. (距離)數(shù)詞作主語 Two will be enough. 兩個就夠了。 Two-thirds of the workers are women. 三分之二的工人是

4、女工。 One and two is three.一加二等于三。One is not enough for me. I want one more.一個不夠?qū)τ谖?，我想再要一個。動名詞形式作主語 Skating is good exercise. 溜冰是很好的運動。 Looking up all the new words in the dictionary took him a lot of time. 從字典里查所有的生詞花費了他許多時間。 不定式作主語 （常以 Its adj. to do sth. 形式出現(xiàn)）To translate this ideal into reality ne

5、eds hard work. 把理想轉(zhuǎn)變成現(xiàn)實需要辛勤的勞動。 To give is better than to receive =It is better to give.給予比獲取好。It is difficult to get to sleep.入睡困難。Its glad to see you again.很高興再次見到你。It was difficult to see.難于看見。 Its good to swim in summer.夏天游泳很好。名詞化的形容詞作主語 The blind and the lame are well cared for in our country.

6、在我們國家，盲人和肢殘人受到很好的照顧。 The unemployed usually lead a hard life. 失業(yè)的人生活一般很困難。 短語作主語 How to do well is an important question. 如何把這件事做好是一個重要問題。 Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy. 早睡早起身體好。 從句作主語 What has happened proves that our policy is right. 發(fā)生的一切證明我們的政策是對的。 Whether well go depends on

7、 the weather. 我們是否去要看天氣。 There be 句型中，be 作謂語，主語位居其后。如：There are many different kinds of mooncakes.有許多種月餅。There will be a strong wind.將有一陣強風(fēng)。二、什么是謂語？謂語部分,是針對主語而言的。通常用來描述主語的動作、狀態(tài)或特征。謂語的構(gòu)成簡單謂語由一個動詞（及物動詞或者不及物動詞）或 HYPERLINK /lemma/ShowInnerLink.htm?lemmaId=7732799 t /_blank 短語動詞構(gòu)成的謂語,就是簡單謂語。不管這些 HYPERLIN

8、K /lemma/ShowInnerLink.htm?lemmaId=277426 t /_blank 謂語動詞是什么時態(tài), HYPERLINK /lemma/ShowInnerLink.htm?lemmaId=7568978 語態(tài),語氣,都是簡單謂語。助動詞有am, is , are, was, were, be, been, being, did ,do ,does, have, has , had, will, would, shall, should.We come （不及物動詞）我們來了 (一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)主動語態(tài)) My pet disappeared。（不及物動詞）我的寵物失蹤了。(

9、一般過去時主動語態(tài))The sun rises.（不及物動詞） 太陽升起來了。(一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)主動語態(tài)) The door opened.（不及物動詞） 門開了。(一般過去時主動語態(tài))The plane took off（不及物動詞） at seven oclock. HYPERLINK /sowiki/%E9%A3%9E%E6%9C%BA?prd=content_doc_search o 飛機 飛機已在7點起飛.(一般過去時主動語態(tài))Jack was seen to swim across the river. 有人看到 HYPERLINK /lemma/ShowInnerLink.htm?l

10、emmaId=128823415 t /_blank 杰克游過河了.（一般過去時態(tài)被動時態(tài))We HYPERLINK /lemma/ShowInnerLink.htm?lemmaId=7551313 t /_blank study（及物動詞）English. 我們學(xué)習(xí)英語。 (一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)主動語態(tài)) I like（及物動詞） flowers.我喜歡花。(一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)主動語態(tài)) She has（及物動詞） a book. 她有一本書。(一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)主動語態(tài)) She hates（及物動詞） you. 她討厭你。(一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)主動語態(tài)) My sister cooked（及物動詞） dinner.

11、 我妹妹煮飯。(一般過去時主動語態(tài))We plant（及物動詞） trees in spring every year. 我們每年 HYPERLINK /sowiki/%E6%98%A5%E5%A4%A9?prd=content_doc_search o 春天 春天都種許多樹.(一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)主動語態(tài)) There is (系動詞)a dog in the park. 公園里有一只狗。(一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)主動語態(tài)) There are (系動詞)four birds in the sky. 天空中有四只鳥。(一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)主動語態(tài)) There sat （不及物動詞）a scientist among

12、the students. 學(xué)生中間坐著一個科學(xué)家。(一般過去時主動語態(tài))There lies （不及物動詞）a big river between the two towns. 這兩個村莊之間有一條河。(一般過去時主動語態(tài))We are coming.（一般現(xiàn)在進行時）我們正在來，我們將要來。She is leaving.（一般現(xiàn)在進行時)她正要離開。You are learning English.（一般現(xiàn)在進行時）你正在學(xué)習(xí)英語。It is done by me. （一般現(xiàn)在被動時態(tài)) 我做的它。You are to explain this.(命令的語態(tài)）.你必須解釋這事。He is

13、to go to New York next week.(一般將來時態(tài)） 他下周要去紐約。I made your birthday cake last night. (一般過去時主動語態(tài))2、復(fù)合謂語由兩部分構(gòu)成1）、情態(tài)動詞+不帶to的動詞 HYPERLINK /lemma/ShowInnerLink.htm?lemmaId=141116 不定式。情態(tài)動詞有can, could, may, might, must, have to , shall, should, will, would, dare, need, ought to, used to.I wont do it HYPERLIN

14、K /lemma/ShowInnerLink.htm?lemmaId=67625879 t /_blank again.。我不會再做它I will go and move away the bag。我會移走這個袋子的。、助動詞+不帶to的動詞不定式。 What HYPERLINK /lemma/ShowInnerLink.htm?lemmaId=67616531 t /_blank does this HYPERLINK /lemma/ShowInnerLink.htm?lemmaId=607218 t /_blank word mean? 這個單詞是什么意思？You had better H

15、YPERLINK /lemma/ShowInnerLink.htm?lemmaId=7908224 t /_blank catch a HYPERLINK /lemma/ShowInnerLink.htm?lemmaId=64658414 t /_blank bus. 你最好乘坐公交車。I do not like bananas.我不喜歡香蕉。、連系動詞+表語。連系動詞和表語在意思上緊密聯(lián)系，不宜分割。系動詞有 am, is , are, was, were.名詞作表語This is a book. 這是一本書。 She is a doctor. 她是一個醫(yī)生。數(shù)詞作表語You are sev

16、en. 你是七歲。 Two and three is five.二加三是五。形容詞作表語She is beautiful.她是漂亮的。 He is clever. 他是聰明的。The weather has turned HYPERLINK /lemma/ShowInnerLink.htm?lemmaId=64939339 t /_blank cold. 天氣已經(jīng)變冷了. You HYPERLINK /lemma/ShowInnerLink.htm?lemmaId=75075384 t /_blank look the same. 你(們)看起來一樣.I feel good . 我感覺好。 I

17、 am feeling good. 我現(xiàn)在感覺好。 副詞作表語You are there.你是在那兒。 She is out. 她是在外面。He is away.他離開了。 He have been away. 他已經(jīng)離開了。 He must have been away. 他一定已經(jīng)離開了。介詞作表語 介詞短語作表語You are on duty. 你在值日 Everything is in good order.每件事都安排就緒了。She is in good health.她身體健康。 My HYPERLINK /lemma/ShowInnerLink.htm?lemmaId=61803

18、67 t /_blank pen is in my bag. 我的 HYPERLINK /lemma/ShowInnerLink.htm?lemmaId=214407 鋼筆在我的書包里。動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式作表語It is surprising. 它是令人驚訝的。 動詞的過去分詞作表語I am surprised. 我感到驚訝的。 I felt HYPERLINK /lemma/ShowInnerLink.htm?lemmaId=64799398 t /_blank tired all the time. 我整天感到疲憊.You are well prepared. 你是很好的準備了的。動名詞作

19、表語Your task is cleaning. 你的任務(wù)是做清潔。What I like most is swimming. 我最喜歡的是游泳。My job is teaching English. 我的工作是教英語。動詞不定式作表語His job is to feed the animals. 他的工作是喂動物。Our aim is to hold the Games. 我們的目標是舉辦運動會。All I could do is to wait. 所有我能做的是等待。從句作表語The question is whether he will come or not. 問題是他來不來。The

20、problem is how many people will come. 問題是有多少人會來。His suggestion is that we should stay clam. 他的建議是我們應(yīng)該保持冷靜。That is what he is worried about. 那是他擔(dān)心的事。That is where he was born. 那是他出生的地方。三、什么是賓語？賓語是動作的對象或承受者，常位于及物動詞或介詞后面。賓語可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞化的形容詞、不定式、動名詞、賓語從句等來擔(dān)任。名詞作賓語I like apples. 我喜歡蘋果。 She is watching T

21、V. 她正在看電視。代詞作賓語We like him.我們喜歡他 She find it.她找到了它。數(shù)詞作賓語Give me four. 給我四個。動詞不定式作賓語We all like to go to school. 我們都喜歡去上學(xué)。動名詞做賓語。We all like swimming.我們都喜歡游泳。從句作賓語I think he is right.我認為他是正確的。四、什么是定語？定語是附加在主語或者賓語的前面，用來修飾或限制主語、賓語的詞或詞組。名詞作定語I like cotton goods. 我喜歡棉織品 I like my history teacher. 我喜歡我的歷史

22、老師。 She has the telephone number.她有電話號碼。代詞作定語His book is on the desk. 他的書是在他的書桌上。 Her pen is in the bag. 她的筆是在包里 she eats my apple.她吃蘋果。數(shù)詞作定語She has seven apples. 她有七個蘋果 I have two ducks.我有兩只鴨子 He eats three eggs.他吃三個蘋果。形容詞作定語I have a golden watch. 她有一個金色的手表 She has a big room 她有一個大的房間。 he likes bea

23、utiful city.他喜歡漂亮的城市。介詞短語作定語Think of the people in need of help. 想一想需要幫助的人們。 動詞不定式作定語He wants water to drink.他想要水喝She has a child to take care of .她有一個孩子要照顧。He has on friend to depend on .他沒有朋友依靠。動的ing 形式做定語I have a swimming pool. 我有一個游泳池。He is cleaning the reading room.他正在打掃閱覽室。Give me some writing

24、 paper.給我一些書寫紙。過去分詞作定語We are drinking polluted water.我們正在喝被污染的水。We need qualified workers.我需要合格的員工。從句作定語He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 他有一個父親是醫(yī)生的朋友。I like the book whose color is yellow. 我喜歡黃色的書。The boys who are playing football are from class one .正在打籃球的男孩們來自一班。Mr liu is the person whom

25、you talked with on the bus.劉先生就是那個你和他在公交車上說話的人。This is the pen which he bought yesterday.這是他昨天買的筆。五、賓語+賓語補足語=復(fù)合賓語什么是賓語補足語？名詞作賓補She found him a very clever boy.她發(fā)現(xiàn)他是一個非常聰明的男孩。I called her Jenny.我叫她珍妮。We elected Yangling our monitor.我們選楊林做我們的班長。形容詞作賓補I found the movie interesting。我發(fā)現(xiàn)這個電影有趣。She has her

26、 hands blank。她使她的手變黑。副詞作賓補I followed him in .我跟隨他進去了。I saw you out .我看見你出去了。介詞短語作賓補I found everything in good condition.我發(fā)現(xiàn)每件事都有條不紊。She found herself in a different world.她發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在一個不同的世界。They acknowledged him as their chief。 他們選他做他們的班長。動詞的ing 形式做賓補He saw a girl getting on the tractor. 他看見一個男孩上了拖拉機。I h

27、ear someone knocking at the door. 我聽見有人在敲門。She feels the cold wind blowing on her face. 她感覺冷風(fēng)吹他的臉。動詞的過去分詞作賓補I must get my bike repaired. 我必須使我的自行車被修理。I found the girl beaten black and blue. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)這個女孩被打得青一塊紫一塊的。動詞不定式做賓補The teacher told us to do Excercise 1。這個老師讓我做練習(xí)1I want both of you to go.。我想你們兩個都去。I like you to keep everything tidy。我喜歡你保持每樣?xùn)|西都整潔。什么叫狀語？表示句子的八個狀態(tài)：時間、地點、原因、狀態(tài)、目的、結(jié)果、方式、程度。名詞作狀語Wait a moment.等一會兒。It can go all day and all night.它能每日每夜運轉(zhuǎn)。副詞作狀語She studies hard.她學(xué)習(xí)努力。I am very tired.我很累。Suddenly it began to rain. 突然，天開始下雨了。How b