2019年12月四級真題及答案-第二套

1、 年 (第二套)(30 minutes)write a letter to a foreign friendwho wants to learn Chinese. Please recommend a place to him.Youshould write atleast120 wordsbut no morethan 180 words.Listening Comprehension(25minutes)Directions：In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each newsreport, y

2、ou will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questionswill be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answerfrom the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letteron Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.B)

3、There is discrimination against male nurses.6. A)Release it intothe wild.B) Return itto its owner.C) Send itback to the zoo.D)Give ita physical checkup.Directions：In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of eachconversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversatio

4、n and the questionswill be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answerfrom the four choices marked A), B), C)and D). Then mark the corresponding letteron Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.D)He hasjust quarreledwith his girlfriend.13. A)Turn tohis g

5、irlfriend forassistance.B) Givepriority to thingsmore urgent.C) Think twicebeforemaking the decision.D)Seek advice fromhis family andadvisor.14. A)His girlfriend doesnot support his decision.B) Heis not particularly keenon the job offered.C) Helacks the money for his doctoralprogram.D)His parents an

6、dadvisor havedifferent opinions.C) Acquiringinformation and professionalknowledge.D)Using information to understand andsolve problems.20. A)They behave like otheranimals in many ways.B) Theyhave anunusual senseof responsibility.C) Theycan respond tohumans questions.D)They can fall inlove justlike hu

7、mans.21. A)They stay with onepartner for life.B) Theyhave their own joysandsorrows.C) Theyexperience true romantic love.D)They help humans in variousways.Directions：In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required toselect one word for each blank from a list of choices given in

8、a word bank followingthe passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Eachchoice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter foreach item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not useanyof the words inthe bankmoret

9、han onceFinally, some good news about airplane travel. If you are on a plane with a sickpassenger, you are unlikely to get sick.That is the 26 of a new study that looked athow respiratory (呼吸道) viruses 27 on airplanes. Researchers found that only peoplewho were seated in the same row as a passenger

10、with the flu, for exampleor onerow in front of or behind that individualhad a high risk of catching the illness. Allother passengers had only a very 28 chance of getting sick, according to the findings.Media reports have not necessarily presented 29 information about the risk of gettinginfected on a

11、n airplane in the past. Therefore, these new findings should help airplanepassengers to feel less 30 tocatching respiratory infections while traveling by air.Prior to the new study, little was known about the risks of getting 31 infected bycommon respiratory viruses, such as the flu or common cold,

12、on an airplane, theresearchers said. So, to 32 the risks of infection, the study team flew on 10 different33 in the U.S. during the flu season.The researchers found that passengers sittingwithin two seats on 34 side of a person infected with the flu, as well as those sittingone row in front of or be

13、hind this individual, had about an 80 percent chance ofgettingsick. Butother passengers were35 safe from infection. They had a less than 3percent chance ofcatching the flu.IsBreakfast Really theMost Important MealoftheDay?A Along with old classics like “carrots give you night vision” and “Santa does

14、ntbring toys to misbehaving children” one of the most well-worn phrases of tiredparents everywhere is that breakfast is the most important meal of the day. Many of usgrow up believing that skipping breakfast is a serious mistake, even if only two thirdsof adults in the UK eat breakfast regularly, ac

15、cording to the British DieteticAssociation, andaround three-quarters ofAmericans.B“The body uses a lot of energy stores for growth and repair through the night,”explains diet specialist Sarah Elder. “Eating a balanced breakfast helps to up ourenergy, as well as make up for protein and calcium used t

16、hroughout the night.” Buttheres widespread disagreement over whether breakfast should keep its top spot in thehierarchy (等級) of meals. There have been concerns around the sugar content ofcereal and the food industrys involvement in pro-breakfast researchand even oneclaim froman academic that breakfa

17、st is “ dangerous”.C Whats the reality? Is breakfast a necessary start to the day or a marketing tacticby cereal companies? The most researched aspect of breakfast (and breakfast-skipping)has been its links to obesity. Scientists have different theories as to why theres arelationship between the two

18、. In one US study that analysed the health data of 50,000people over seven years, researchers found that those who made breakfast the largestmeal of the day were more likely to have a lower body mass index (BMI) than thosewho ate a large lunch or dinner. The researchers argued that breakfast helps r

19、educedaily calorie intake and improve the quality of our dietsince breakfast foods areoftenhigher infibre and nutrients.駁) the argument that breakfast influences weight or food intake, and more evidenceis required beforebreakfast recommendationscan beused to help prevent obesity.G GResearchers from

20、the University of Surrey and University of Aberdeen arehalfway through research looking into the mechanisms behind how the time we eatinfluences body weight. Early findings suggest that a bigger breakfast is beneficial toweight control. Breakfast has been found to affect more than just weight. Skipp

21、ingbreakfast has been associated with a 27% increased risk of heart disease, a 21%higher risk of type 2 diabetes in men, and a 20% higher risk of type 2 diabetes inwomen. One reason may be breakfasts nutritional valuepartly because cereal isfortified (增加營養(yǎng)價值) with vitamins. In one study on the break

22、fast habits of 1,600young people in the UK, researchers found that the fibre and micronutrient intake wasbetter in those who had breakfast regularly. There have been similar findings inAustralia, Brazil, Canadaand the US.H Breakfast is also associated with improved brain function, including concentr

23、ationand language use. A review of 54 studies found that eating breakfast can improvememory, though the effects on other brain functions were inconclusive. However, oneof the reviews researchers, Mary Beth Spitznagel, says there is “ reasonable ”evidence breakfast does improve concentrationthere jus

24、t needs to be more research.“ Looking at studies that tested concentration, the number of studies showing a benefitwas exactly the same as the number that found no benefit,” she says. “And nostudiesfound that eating breakfast wasbad forconcentration.”.I Whats most important, some argue, is what we e

25、at for breakfast. High-proteinbreakfasts have been found particularly effective in reducing the longing for food andconsumption later in the day, according to research by the Australian CommonwealthScientific and Industrial Research Organisation. While cereal remains a firm favouriteamong breakfast

26、consumers in the UK and US, a recent investigation into the sugarcontent of, adult breakfast cereals found that some cereals contain more thanthree-quarters of the recommended daily amount of free sugars in each portion, andsugarwas the second orthird highest ingredient in cerealsK While theres no c

27、onclusive evidence on exactly what we should be eating andwhen, the consensus is that we should listen to our own bodies and eat when werehungry. “Breakfast is most important for people who are hungry when they wake up,”Johnstone says. “ Each body starts the day differently and those individualdiffe

28、rences need to be researched more closely,” Spitznagel says. “A balancedbreakfast is really helpful, but getting regular meals throughout the day is moreimportant to leave blood sugar stable through the day, which helps control weight andhunger levels,” says Elder. “Breakfast isnt the only meal we s

29、hould be gettingright.”36.According to one professor, obesity is related to a lack of basic awareness ofnutrition and health.37.Some scientists claim that people should consume the right kind of food atbreakfast.38.Opinions differ as to whether breakfastis the most importantmeal ofthe day.39.It has

30、been found that not eating breakfast is related to the incidence of certaindiseasesin some countries.40.Researchers found it was a change in eating habits rather than breakfast itself thatinducedweight loss.41.To keep oneself healthy, eating breakfast is more important than choosing what toeat.42.It

31、 iswidely considered wrongnot to eatbreakfast.PassageOneQuestions 46 to50 are based onthefollowing passage.Textbooks represent an 11 billion dollar industry, up from $8 billion in 2014.Textbook publisher Pearson isthe largestpublisherofany kindinthe world.It costs about $1 million to create a new te

32、xtbook. A freshman textbook willhave dozens of contributors, from subject-matter experts through graphic and layoutartists to expert reviewers and classroom testers. Textbook publishers connectprofessors, instructors and students in ways that alternatives, such as open e-textbooksand open educationa

33、l resources, simply do not. This connection happens not only bymeans of collaborative development, review and testing, but also at conferenceswherefaculty regularlydecide on their textbooks andcurricula for the coming year.It is true that textbook publishers have recently reported losses, largely du

34、e tostudents renting or buying used print textbooks. But this can be chalked up to theexcessively high cost of their bookswhich has increased over 1, 000 percent since1977. A restructuring of the textbook industry may well be in order. But this does notmeanthe end ofthe textbook itself.While they ma

35、y not be as dynamic as an iPad, textbooks are not passive orlifeless. For example, over the centuries, they have simulated （模擬） dialogues in anumber of ways. From 1800 to the present day, textbooks have done this by posingquestions for students to answer inductively（歸納性地） . That means students areas

36、ked to use their individual experience to come up with answers to general questions.Todays psychology texts, for example, ask: “How much of your personality do youthink you inherited? ” while ones in physics say: “How can you predict where the ballyou tossed willland ? ”Experts observe that “ textbo

37、oks come in layers, something like an onion.” Foran active learner, engaging with a textbook can be an interactive experience: Readersproceed at their own pace.They “ customize ” their books by engaging with differentlayers and linkages. Highlighting, Post-It notes, dog-ears and other techniques all

38、owfor further customization that students value in print books over digital forms ofbooks.C) Emergence ofe-books.48.What does the textbook industry needto do?A) Reform itsstructures.49.Whatare students expected todo in the learning process?A)Think carefully beforeanswering each question.B) Ask quest

39、ions basedon their ownunderstanding.C) Answer questions usingtheir personalexperience.D)Give answers showing their respective personality.B) Theycan learn in aninteractive way.C) Theycan purchase customized versions.D)They can adaptthe material themselves.Questions 51 to55 are based onthefollowing p

40、assage.When we think of animals and plants, we have a pretty good way of dividingthem into two distinct groups: one converts sunlight into energy and the other has toeat food to make its energy. Well, those dividing lines come crashing down with thediscovery of a sea slug (海蛞蝓)thats truly half anima

41、l and half plant. Its prettyincredible how it has managed to hijack the genes of the algae (藻類)on which itfeeds.The slugs can manufacture chlorophyll, the green pigment (色素)in plants thatcaptures energy from sunlight, and hold these genes within their body.The termkleptoplasty is used to describe th

42、e practice of using hijacked genes to create nutrientsfrom sunlight. And so far, this green sea slug is the only known animal that can betruly considered solar-powered, although some animals do exhibit some plant-likebehaviors. Many scientists have studied the green sea slugs to confirm that they areactually able to createenergy from sunlight.52.Whatenables the sea slug tolive like a plant?A)The genesit captures from the seaplant algae.B) Themechanism by whichit conserves energy.C) Thenutrients it hijacks fromother species.D)The green pigmentit inherits fromits anc