社會(huì)心理健康課件

1、社會(huì)心理健康Psychosocial Health祝墡珠 教授復(fù)旦大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院全科醫(yī)學(xué)系復(fù)旦大學(xué)附屬中山醫(yī)院全科醫(yī)學(xué)科Shanzhu Zhu M.D. General Practice Department of Medical School Fudan UniversityGeneral Practice Department of Zhonghshan Hospital Fudan University社會(huì)心理健康Psychosocial Health祝墡珠 什么是社會(huì)心理健康 ? What is psychosocial health ?這是臨床心理學(xué)家所關(guān)注的一個(gè)問題主要是在人們社會(huì)相互

2、交往中所表現(xiàn)的心理與所處社會(huì)的文化背景、個(gè)人品質(zhì)、對自然與社會(huì)的認(rèn)識(shí)、價(jià)值心理取向有關(guān)A concern of clinical Psychologists.Displayed in the process of social contact .Associated with a persons cultural background, his character traits, understanding of society and of nature, and his value orientation.什么是社會(huì)心理健康 ? What is psychosoc基因Genes社會(huì)Soci

3、ety心理Psyche 醫(yī)療條件Healthcare生活方式Lifestyle健康和壽命Health & Longevity基因社會(huì)心理醫(yī)療條件生活方式健康和壽命每個(gè)人都在社會(huì)中擔(dān)任某一社會(huì)角色 ; 然而, Everyone takes a role in society; however, 物質(zhì)生活Material comforts生活水平Standard of living 社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展和競爭的加劇 Development of social economy Exacerbation of social competition 升學(xué)、就業(yè)、職位升遷、 婚姻、失業(yè)、疾病、 親人亡故、家庭矛

4、盾、 貧富分化、城鄉(xiāng)差距拉大等等Seeking good education, employment and promotion, being unemployed, having poor health, death of a family member, conflicts within a family, polarization of the rich and the poor, widening disparity between urban and rural life, and so on. 每個(gè)人都在社會(huì)中擔(dān)任某一社會(huì)角色 ; 然而, EveFactors that can c

5、ontribute to long-term psychological stressPersons body immunity weakenedPhysiological and psychological responses Symptoms: remember ability decreasing insomnia and dream disturbed sleep low work efficiency hypertension peptic ulcer diseases anxiety and depression 可導(dǎo)致長期心理應(yīng)激的因素削弱了機(jī)體的免疫力生理和心理疾病癥狀：記憶力

6、下降 失眠多夢 工作效率低下 高血壓 潰瘍病 抑郁和焦慮等Factors that can contribute to心理疾病的發(fā)病率逐年增高Incidence of psychological diseases has been increasing with each passing year 50年代發(fā)病率為2%，2000年發(fā)病率上升至14%。大學(xué)生、婦女、兒童、老年人為重點(diǎn)發(fā)病人群，各種精神、心理障礙人群超過100萬。 2% in the fifties , 14% by 2000.University students, women, children and the aged ar

7、e often the most susceptible group and the number of people with psychological diseases or problems is estimated to be over one million. 心理疾病的發(fā)病率逐年增高Incidence of psyc我國每年有近30萬人自殺，每2分鐘就有1人自殺，8人自殺未遂。自殺已成為我國第五位死因。同時(shí)由于99.9%的心理障礙者是以軀體不適到綜合醫(yī)院就診，因而造成衛(wèi)生資源的過度消耗。Suicide has become the fifth cause of death in

8、China. While 99.9% people with psychological problems go to hospital for the complaint of body disorders, which contributes to the excessive use of healthcare resources.我國每年有近30萬人自殺，每2分鐘就有1人自殺，8人自殺未遂心理問題的產(chǎn)生The causes of psychological problem2005年全國年齡60歲者占總?cè)丝诘?1.03%，年齡65歲者占總?cè)丝诘?.69%。11.03% population

9、 of China is over sixty years and 7.69% is over sixty-five in 2005.心理問題的產(chǎn)生The causes of psycholo目前有半數(shù)以上老人不愿與子女同住，四二一家庭贍養(yǎng)模式，情感空巢，缺乏交流等產(chǎn)生心理問題。新式小區(qū)的增加，鄰里之間的陌生，非心理專業(yè)人士在勸解引導(dǎo)方式上的缺陷。Now more than one half aged people are unwilling to live with their sons and daughters . Four-two-one family support model, e

10、mpty nest feelings, lack of communications, all contributes to the development of psychological problems. The increase of modern communications, unknown with each other in the neighborhood, imperfection in the advice of nonprofessional persons. 目前有半數(shù)以上老人不愿與子女同住，四二一家庭贍養(yǎng)模式，情感空如何解決這一問題? How to solve th

11、e problem?1997年WHO的資料顯示全球有約5億人需要精神衛(wèi)生服務(wù)，其中90以上適于在社區(qū)得到處置和服務(wù)，社區(qū)精神衛(wèi)生服務(wù)已成世界各國普遍做法。The data from WHO in 1997 showed that there are five hundred million people need psychological health care, in which 90% problems were optimum to be taken care in the community. 如何解決這一問題? How to solve the pr如何解決這一問題? How to

12、 solve the problem?成立由全科醫(yī)師為主導(dǎo)的社區(qū)心理咨詢師、社工人員參與的心理健康服務(wù)機(jī)構(gòu)。因?yàn)槲C(jī)家庭的成員不會(huì)主動(dòng)就診，及時(shí)主動(dòng)發(fā)現(xiàn)和掌握社區(qū)危機(jī)家庭情況，對重點(diǎn)危險(xiǎn)人群進(jìn)行專業(yè)輔導(dǎo)。An organization leaded by family physicians and composed of psychological consultants and social workers should be set up for psychosocial health services. Most of the families with crisis are unwil

13、ling to go to the doctors. It is important to discover and understand those families, to assist those persons with high risk of having psychological problems.如何解決這一問題? How to solve the pr通過該機(jī)構(gòu)、媒體、社區(qū)宣教等保障民眾心理健康。對那些因?qū)嵃l(fā)事件，重大災(zāi)難后的心理創(chuàng)傷進(jìn)行早期干預(yù)。The psychosocial health of the general public can be influenced

14、by such an organization, the news media, health education in communities and so on. Early detection and intervention will be the key to prevention of such problems arising from psychological traumas caused by nasty incidents or disasters. 通過該機(jī)構(gòu)、媒體、社區(qū)宣教等保障民眾心理健康。預(yù)防措施 Preventive measures 行為和心理治療藥物治療事件的干預(yù) 建立援助體系，提高人們對自然和環(huán)境的適應(yīng)能力Behavioral and psychological therapyMedical therapyAssistance in social issues The establishment of a support system to promote peoples adaptability to nature and environment預(yù)防措施 Preventive measures 行為和心目標(biāo) Goals提高人們對精神刺激的耐受能力提高人們的自我控制和調(diào)節(jié)能力提高人們的社會(huì)交往能