牛津譯林版高中英語(yǔ)選修六n高二(上)模塊六unit2grammarandusage課件

1、高中英語(yǔ)課件（madeofdingshangtuwen）高中英語(yǔ)課件（madeofdingshangtuwen）英語(yǔ)教學(xué)課件高二（上）英語(yǔ)教學(xué)課件高二（上）Grammar and usageUnit 2 What is happiness to you?Grammar and usageUnit 2 在前一個(gè)單元，我們回顧了非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在句子中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)所表示的意義，以及他們?cè)诔洚?dāng)這些句子成分時(shí)的區(qū)別。這節(jié)課，我們接著學(xué)習(xí)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的另一句法功能作狀語(yǔ)。在前一個(gè)單元，我們回顧了非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在句子中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和賓ObjectivesTo learn to identify no

2、n-finite verbs used as adverbialsTo learn the differences between to infinitive and verb-ing/verb-ed when used as adverbialsTo learn different forms of non-finite verbsObjectivesTo learn to identify非謂語(yǔ)不定式 to do 分詞動(dòng)名詞（-ing)過(guò)去分詞(-ed)現(xiàn)在分詞(-ing)動(dòng)詞-ing形式非謂語(yǔ)不定式 to do 分詞動(dòng)名詞（-ing)過(guò)去分詞(-Infinitive, verb-ing

3、and verb-edNon-finite verbs are often used as adverbials. What are the hidden meanings do they usually express? Are there any differences when they are used as adverbials? Do they have any other forms?Read the points on Page 24. You will find the answers.Infinitive, verb-ing and verb-動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語(yǔ)不定式作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)

4、，要注意不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)應(yīng)與句子的主語(yǔ)保持一致。(1)做目的狀語(yǔ)可單獨(dú)出現(xiàn)，或以in order to+動(dòng)詞原形、so as to+動(dòng)詞原形等形式做目的狀語(yǔ)，可置于句首，意為“為了”，如：To catch the bus, you must get up early.=In order to catch the bus= You must get up early so as to catch動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語(yǔ)不定式作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，要注意不定式的邏輯(2)做結(jié)果或程度狀語(yǔ)常以enough to 或tooto等形式出現(xiàn)，并能轉(zhuǎn)換成sothat句式。如：Liu Mei was lucky enough t

5、o receive many books from Project Hope.= Liu Mei was so lucky that she received many books from Project Hope.He was too young to lift that box.= He was so young that he cannot lift that box.(2)做結(jié)果或程度狀語(yǔ) Could you be so kind asto close the window? With pleasure.I am such a fool as to think that she is

6、 a warm-hearted woman.He hurried to the station only to find the train had left. Could you be so kind asto cl(3)做原因狀語(yǔ)常用在sorry, glad, surprised, pleased, angry等詞后說(shuō)明產(chǎn)生這種情緒的原因，或表示沒(méi)有預(yù)料到的、事與愿違的結(jié)果，不定式要放在句子的后面，若不定式為不及物動(dòng)詞，其后應(yīng)加必要的介詞。如：Im sorry to hear about your failure on business. He will be so glad to see

7、 you here.(3)做原因狀語(yǔ)分詞作狀語(yǔ)1.分詞或分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以表示時(shí)間、原因、讓步、條件、方式或伴隨狀語(yǔ)。通?？梢赞D(zhuǎn)換成相應(yīng)的狀語(yǔ)從句。表示方式或伴隨狀況時(shí)可以轉(zhuǎn)換成并列或非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。如：Put into use in April 2000 (=When it was put into use in April 2000), the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns. (時(shí)間)分詞作狀語(yǔ)1.分詞或分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以表示時(shí)間、原因、讓Blamed f

8、or the breakdown of the school computer network (=Because she was blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network), Alice was in low spirits. (原因)Given time (=If he is given time), hell make a first-class tennis player. (條件)We often provide our children with toys, thinking that all children

9、like them. (=and think that ) (伴隨)Blamed for the breakdown of th2.有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)，分詞前可帶when, while, once, if, though, although, as if, unless等連詞一起作狀語(yǔ)，以便句子的意思更清楚、更連貫。如：When comparing different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities. though tired, he sti

10、ll continued reading.2.有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)，分詞前可帶when, while, onc3.現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)區(qū)別：不管是現(xiàn)在分詞還是過(guò)去分詞單獨(dú)作狀語(yǔ)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)必須與主句的主語(yǔ)一致。分詞作狀語(yǔ)通?？赊D(zhuǎn)換成一個(gè)相應(yīng)的狀語(yǔ)從句或并列句，如果狀語(yǔ)分句或并列句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，就用過(guò)去分詞；如果狀語(yǔ)分句或并列句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，就用現(xiàn)在分詞。例如： 3.現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)區(qū)別：When compared with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.

11、(分詞部分相當(dāng)于When the biggest ocean is compared with the size of the whole earth, 主語(yǔ)與分詞是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。)When comparing it with the size of the whole earth, we find that the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.(When we compare it with the size of the whole earth主語(yǔ)與分詞是主動(dòng)關(guān)系。)When compared with the size of4.現(xiàn)在分詞的兩種

12、時(shí)態(tài)：一般式doing，通常指與主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或無(wú)先后順序; 完成式having done則強(qiáng)調(diào)分詞所表示的動(dòng)作先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作。如：While walking in the street, we met some friends of ours. (同時(shí)發(fā)生)Having waited in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home. (“等待”在先)4.現(xiàn)在分詞的兩種時(shí)態(tài)：一般式doing，通常指與主句的謂語(yǔ)5.分詞完成式的兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)：

13、主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)having done；被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)having been done。Having been trapped in traffic, he was late for work.6.分詞的否定式的構(gòu)成: not +分詞。 Not having received a reply, he decided to write again.Not repaired well, the washing machine stopped working again.5.分詞完成式的兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)7.分詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)是分詞的一種特殊形式，在句中作狀語(yǔ)。在分詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中，名詞或代詞同其后的分詞在邏輯

14、上有主謂關(guān)系時(shí)用現(xiàn)在分詞；在邏輯上有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)用過(guò)去分詞。在獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中，如果強(qiáng)調(diào)分詞的時(shí)間發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)詞時(shí)間之前，常用現(xiàn)在分詞完成時(shí)態(tài)表示。 如：Winter coming, its getting colder and colder. (winter和come是邏輯主謂關(guān)系)7.分詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)是分詞的一種特殊形式，在句中作狀語(yǔ)。在More money given, we should have sent more employees to the mother company to get trained. (句中money與give是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以用過(guò)去分詞)The snow ha

15、ving stopped, she went out to sweep the snow in the yard.(強(qiáng)調(diào)分詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生在先)注：在獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)中，現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式有時(shí)可以簡(jiǎn)化成過(guò)去分詞。His work having been finished/His work finished, he went home.More money given, we should ha8. 一些習(xí)慣表達(dá)作插入語(yǔ)，起評(píng)注說(shuō)明的作用，用法固定，不必考慮邏輯上的關(guān)系，常用的有：generally speaking, considering, given, supposing that, talking of

16、, seeing that (鑒于)等。eg. Considering everything, it wasnt a bad holiday.Supposing that there was war, what would you do? 8. 一些習(xí)慣表達(dá)作插入語(yǔ)，起評(píng)注說(shuō)明的作用，用法固定，不必Summarize the usage of non-finite verbsto infini-tivev-ingV-edbeing+ v-edhaving + v-edhaving been + v-ed主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)Summarize the usage of non-finto infini-

17、tivev-ingV-edbeing+ v-edhaving + v-edhaving been + v-ed賓補(bǔ)定語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)to infini-tivev-ingV-edbeing+ Reflection timeTo infinitive can be used to express _when it is used as an adverbial in a sentence.2. Verb-ing or verb-ed can be used to express _ when used as adverbials in sentences.3. The perfect form of ve

18、rb-ing is _ and the passive form is _.Reflection timeTo infinitive c The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons _ for the day.A. finishing B. finished C. had finished D. were finishedExercises The children went home from t2. _ some officials, Napoleon inspected his army. A. Follow

19、ed B. Followed by C. Being followed D. Having been followed3. There was a terrible noise _ the sudden burst of light.A. followed B. following C. to be followedD. being followed2. _ some officials, Napol4. _, liquids can be changed into gases.A. Heating B. To be heated C. Heated D. Heat5. Dont use wo

20、rds, expressions, or phrases _ only to people with special knowledge. A. being known B. having been known C. to be known D. known4. _, liquids can be cha6. _ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front. A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose7. _ such heavy pollution already, it may now be t

21、oo late to clear up the river. A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered6. _ in thought, he almost r8. The visitor expressed his satisfaction, _ that he had enjoyed his stay here. A. having added B. to add C. adding D. added9. The boy lay on the ground, his eyes _ and his hands _. A.

22、being closed；trembling B. closed；trembling C. closed；trembled D. closing；trembled8. The visitor expressed his s10. Unless _ to speak, you should remain silent at the meeting. A. invited B. being invited C. having invited D. being invited11. Though _ money, his parents managed to send him to universi

23、ty. A. lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked in10. Unless _ to speak, you 12.The weather _ so bad, we had to put the game off. A. was B. is C. wereD. being13.The country has already sent up 3 unmanned spacecrafts, the most recent _ at the end of last March. A. has been launched B. having been la

24、unched C. being launched D. to be launched12.The weather _ so bad, weQuiz II: 同義轉(zhuǎn)換，每空一詞。1.The box is so heavy that I cant carry it. The box is _ heavy _ _ _ carry. The box is not _ _ for me to carry. 2.The maths problem is so difficult that I cant work it out. The maths problem is _ difficult _ _ _

25、work out.toofor me tolight enoughtoofor me toQuiz II: 同義轉(zhuǎn)換，每空一詞。toofor me3. If I was given more time, I could do it much better. _ more time, I could do it much better.4. As a League member, he is always helping others. _ _ _ _, he is always helping others.GivenBeing a League member3. If I was given more time, IIf _ (加熱) to a high temperature, water will change into vapour._ (從太空望去), the earth is a water-covered globe._ (在她的話的鼓勵(lì)下) the boy said sorry to his teacher.Quiz III: Complete the sentences.heatedSeen from the spaceEncouraged by her w