非謂語動詞考點精講精練（含答案） 講義-2023屆高考英語一輪復習

1、膽置黑詞考，牖講含蜜g)講義非謂語動詞是高考語法填空和短文改錯必考熱點語法工程之一?，F(xiàn)結(jié)合典型考題對非 謂語動詞的考點進行梳理和總結(jié)，幫助大家明確考點，找出解題規(guī)律和方法。一、考查非謂語動詞作主語能作主語的非謂語動詞有不定式和動名詞。兩者的區(qū)別是：表示某一具體的動作時、 多用不定式；表示比擬抽象的一般的行為傾向時，多用動名詞。當動名詞或不定式短語較 長時，常用it作形式主語放在句首而把動名詞或不定式短語放于句末。(典例】(ignore) the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mista

2、kes you make.解析：Ignoring。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本句的謂語動詞是will be,因此前面局部是主語， 應該使用動名詞短語作主語。二、考查非謂語動詞作賓語不定式和動名詞都可作動詞或介詞的賓語。有些動詞后只跟不定式作賓語，如want, wish, hope, manage, demand, promise, refuse, pretend, plan, offer, decide, agree, expect等。有些動詞后只跟動名詞作賓語，如admit, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, dislike, enjoy, escape, ex

3、cuse, finish, forgive, imagine, keep, mind, miss, practice, resist, risk, suggest, deny, stand 等。有些動詞或動詞短語后 既可以跟不定式，又可以跟動名詞作賓語，如forget, remember, regret, mean, try, go on等，但意義上有區(qū)別。典例 1 I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes.解析：wear改為wearing”介詞by后應接動名詞作賓語。典例 2After receiving the Osca

4、r for Best Supporting Actress, Anne Benedict went on (thank) all the people who had helped in her career.解析：to thank。go on后接to do或doing作賓語均可，但是go on doing sth.表示“繼 續(xù)不停地做某事或間斷后繼續(xù)做原來沒有做完的事”；而go on to do sth.表示“接著做另一 件事”，即接下去做與原來不同的一件事。山語境可知，Anne Benedict在拿獎后又繼續(xù)做 另一件事，即“感謝所有幫助過她的人，故用go on to do sth.。Ab

5、sorbedo此處在句中作狀語，根據(jù)短語be absorbed in （全神貫注于）可知,需填過去分詞形式。being recognizedo介詞w讓hout后應該使用動詞的動名詞形式。根據(jù)句意“不被人 認出”可知，本空應該用動名詞的被動形式。to find。only典不定式連用表示出乎意料的結(jié)果。speakingo “When it comes to.”是固定句式，意思是“當談到其中的to是介詞，后跟動詞時應使用動名詞形式。Having spentcspend與其邏輯主語“Linda”之間是主動關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。 且spend的動作明顯早于“看起來成熟”這個動作。表示發(fā)生在謂語動作之

6、前的動作，用現(xiàn) 在分詞的完成時。going。feel like后跟動名詞作賓語,故填going。accompaniedo考查“連詞十分詞”的省略用法。when引導的狀語從句中省略的主語 為children,其與accompany （陪伴）之間含有被動意義，故本空填過去分詞形式。Understanding =分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該句的謂語動詞是is, is前面的局部作主語， 故應使用動名詞短語作主語。carriedo分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，前半句的句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整，后半句為獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，them 指代plans, carry out與plans之間是動賓關(guān)系，故填carry的過去分詞形式。Being exp

7、osedo分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該句的謂語動詞是is, whether for an adult or for a teenage”是插入語，插入語的前面局部是主語，應使用動名詞作主語，再根據(jù)短語 be exposed to （接觸）可知，應填 Being exposed。Having waitedo wait與其邏輯主語the old man構(gòu)成主動關(guān)系，所以使用現(xiàn)在分詞 在句中作狀語。而且這是一個已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動作，所以使用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式。shiningo考查獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。邏輯主語her face與shine之間是主動關(guān)系，故填現(xiàn) 在分詞形式。Tastingo taste“品嘗”，是連系動詞，無

8、被動語態(tài)，此處用現(xiàn)在分詞tasting作原因 狀語。solvedo根據(jù)句意可知，老師看起來很輕松愉快，應該是問題已經(jīng)被解決了。表示被動完成，應使用過去分詞。caughto此處應使用非謂語動詞作定語。根據(jù)people和catch之間的被動關(guān)系可 知，應填過去分詞。to carryo 根據(jù)短語 permit sb. to do sth.可知，此處應填 to carryoto have missedo be unlucky to do sth.是固定短語，“錯過火車”這一動作明顯發(fā)生 在謂語動詞之前，所以用動詞不定式的完成式。being builto The Silk Road Economic B

9、elt”與后面的動詞 build 構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動 關(guān)系，且這一動作目前正在進行，故用being done形式作后置定語。endangeringo根據(jù)句意可知，前面的原因?qū)е铝撕竺娴慕Y(jié)果，故使用現(xiàn)在分詞作 結(jié)果狀語。to provide。everything后面跟了一個定語從句they can (do)；根據(jù)句意可知, 定語從句后面接了一個目的狀語，也就是“do. tod。，故填t。provide。studyingo he和study之間是主動關(guān)系，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞studying表伴隨。rolling。動詞roll與邏輯主語tears之間是主動關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。Attractedo句子的

10、主語the little boy與attract構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動關(guān)系，故用過去分 詞。repairedo bicycle和repair之間為被動關(guān)系，故填過去分詞。to contacto decide to do sth決定做某事，decide后面接不定式作賓語。(二)語篇填空【文章大意】用英語寫日記是一種提高我們英語寫作能力的有效方法?？梢詭椭覀?養(yǎng)成用英語思考的習慣，在用英語記日記的過程中，我們肯定會遇到許多困難，文中告訴 我們應該怎樣去做。Keepingo考查動名詞作主語。從句子結(jié)構(gòu)可以看出此處缺少主語。Comparedo考查分詞作狀語。compare與其邏輯主語it之間為被動關(guān)系，故

11、填過去 分詞。(to) developo考查不定式作賓補。在help sb (to) do sth結(jié)構(gòu)中to可省略。IL考查狀語從句的連接詞。根據(jù)句式結(jié)構(gòu)可知此處填連詞，結(jié)合句意可知填I(lǐng)f。difficultieso考查名詞的數(shù)。由空前面的many可知答案為名詞的復數(shù)形式。findingo 考查固定短語 have trouble (in) doing sth.的用法。to puto考查不定式短語作主語，it為形式主語。am concerned,考查固定短語。as far as sb be concerned意思是“就某人而言”。of?？疾榻樵~的用法?！皁f+n.”相當于名詞對應的形容詞。the

12、。考查冠詞的用法。在名詞前的空格處通常填限定詞，結(jié)合語境可知填the?！镜淅?3】I cant stand(work) with Jane in the same office. She just refuses (stop) talking while she works.解析：working； to stop。cant stand后接動名詞作賓語，意思是“不能忍受做某事”； refuse后接不定式作賓語，意思是“拒絕做某事”。三、考查非謂語動詞作賓補和主補能作賓補和主補的非謂語動詞有不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞。用哪種非謂語動詞形 式往往取決于句中動詞所使用的句型和不同的非謂語動詞所表示的時

13、態(tài)和語態(tài)意義。一般來說，不定式的一般式表示將來意義，不定式的完成式表示過去意義；現(xiàn)在分詞 表示主動或進行意義；過去分詞表示被動或完成意義。解題時可根據(jù)句中非謂語動詞所表 示的時間意義和與其邏輯主語的主被動關(guān)系選擇合適的非謂語動詞。典例 1 Back from his two-year medical service in Africa, Dr. Lee was very happy to see his mother (take) good care of at home.解析：taken。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處是“see+賓語+賓補”結(jié)構(gòu)。此處his mother和 take good ca

14、re of之間是被動關(guān)系，故填表示被動意義的過去分詞。典例 2To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English(speak) as much as we can.解析：spokeno作賓補的非謂語動詞speak與其邏輯主語English之間含有邏輯上的 動賓關(guān)系，故應使用表示被動意義的過去分詞。四、考查非謂語動詞作定語不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞都可以作定語，主要區(qū)別在于它們的時態(tài)意義和語態(tài)意 義不同。一般來說，不定式表示將來意義，用于表示尚未發(fā)生的動作；現(xiàn)在分詞表示其邏 輯主語主動發(fā)出的動作，并含有進行意義；

15、而過去分詞表示的是其邏輯主語的被動和完成 的動作。典例 1 To return to the problem of water pollution, Id like you to look at a study (conduct) in Australia in 2012.解析：conducted。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，括號中的動詞在句中作定語，修飾study,應 使用非謂語形式。study與conduct之間是被動關(guān)系，故填過去分詞。典例 2 In art criticism, you must assume the artist has a secret message(hide) withi

16、n the work.解析：hiddeno考查非謂語動詞作定語。本句中名詞短語a secret message與動詞hide 構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，所以使用過去分詞hidden作定語，相當于定語從句“that is hidden.”?！镜淅?3 The park was full of people(enjoy) themselves in the sunshine.解析：enjoyingo此題考查非謂語動詞作定語。enjoy的邏輯主語是people,人們玩得 開心是主動的，因此填表示主動意義的現(xiàn)在分詞enjoying作定語，相當于定語從句“who were enjoying.”?！镜淅?4 Ther

17、e are still many problems (solve) before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.解析：tobesoh/ed.根據(jù)句意可知，還有很多問題要解決。表示將來，應使用不定式， 再根據(jù)solve與其邏輯主語之間的被動關(guān)系可知，應使用不定式的被動形式，故填to be solved o五、考查非謂語動詞作狀語不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞都能作狀語飛作什么樣的狀語往往取決于他們的位置和 在句中的意義。不定式短語放在句首多作目的狀語，在句末可作目的或結(jié)果狀語?，F(xiàn)在分 詞短語放在句首多作原因、條件、時間、讓步等狀語，在句末多作方式、

18、伴隨狀語，也可 作結(jié)果狀語。過去分詞短語放在句首多表示時間、條件、原因等，放在句末表示對前面的 情況起補充說明作用，同時與句子主語具有被動關(guān)系。典例 1 (make) it easier to get in touch with us, youd better keep this card at hand.解析：To makeo根據(jù)句意可知，前半局部作目的狀語，表目的用動詞不定式，故填 To makeo【典例 2 Newly-built wooden cottages line the street, (turn) the old town into a dreamland.解析：turnin

19、g0句中已經(jīng)有謂語動詞且前后句間沒有連詞連接，故使用非謂語動詞。根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系可知表示主動意義，故用現(xiàn)在分詞。典例 3 (order) over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now.解析：Orderedo分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處應使用非謂語動詞短語作狀語。order的 邏輯主語是句子的主語the books,兩者之間含有被動意義，故填過去分詞形式。六、考查非謂語動詞作表語分詞作表語時，看分詞與主語的關(guān)系。假設是主謂關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞：假設是被動關(guān)系， 用過去分詞。另外，要注意一組動詞(amuse, bore, disa

20、ppoint, excite, fascinate, freeze, frighten, horrify, inspire, interest, move, surprise, touch 等)的用法。 其同根形容詞有現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞兩種形式。現(xiàn)在分詞表示主語所具有的特征，意思是 “令人的”；過去分詞表示主語所處的狀態(tài)，意思是“(某人)感到的”。典例 1 At dinner, we said to her, “Happy Mothers Day! ” Mom was grateful and moving.解析：moving改為movedo was后接形容詞作表語。此處用and連接兩個形容詞

21、并列 作表語。moving雖然也是形容詞，但是通常用于形容或修飾物，意思是“令人感動的”。此 處表示媽媽自己“感動”，應使用moved。典例 2 While waiting for the opportunity to get(promote) , Henry did his best to perform his duty.解析：promotedo get是連系動詞，后接形容詞作表語，根據(jù)句意可知，此處表示“被 提拔”的意思，故填表示被動意義的過去分詞。七、考查“連詞+分詞”的省略用法分詞短語常?？梢杂迷谀承┻B詞如since, when, while, whenever, no matter

22、 how, once, until, if等之后，形成狀語從句中的省略現(xiàn)象。使用現(xiàn)在分詞還是過去分詞取決 于其與省略的邏輯主語的主被動關(guān)系。主動用現(xiàn)在分詞，被動用過去分詞。【典例 1 Video games can be a poor influence if(leave) in the wrong hands.解析：lefto考查“連詞十分詞”的省略用法。此題中從句省略了與主句相同的主語Video games,其與動詞leave含有邏輯上的被動關(guān)系，故填過去分詞。補充完整為“.if they are left.”。【典例 2 If (accept) for the job, youll be

23、 informed soon.解析：acceptedo本句中的if I條件狀語從句中省略了主語you,與accept構(gòu)成被動關(guān) 系，應用過去分詞accepted。補充完整為“If you are accepted.”。八、考查獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)在形式上與主句沒有任何關(guān)系，但是在意思上卻與主句密切聯(lián)系在一起, 共同構(gòu)筑成一個完整的語義環(huán)境。獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)只有邏輯上的主語，沒有真正的主語和謂 語，所以在句法上不是句子，而是一個獨立于句子成分之外的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)。獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中 選用分詞時也是看其與前面邏輯主語的關(guān)系來決定的，主動用現(xiàn)在分詞，被動用過去分詞?！镜淅縈uch time(spend) s

24、itting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems.解析：spent。該題中沒有連詞，中間是逗號，后面是一個完整的句子，因此前面不能 是句子，故使用獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。邏輯主語time與動詞spend含有邏輯上的被動關(guān)系，故使 用表示被動意義的過去分詞spento九、鞏固練習(一)單句填空The next thing he saw was smoke(rise) from behind the house.The island, (join) to the mainland by a bridge, i

25、s easy to go to.Sarah pretended to be cheerful, (say) nothing about the argument.Ifs important for the figures(update) regularly.(translate) into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.Look over there theres a very long, winding path (lead) up to the house.Recently

26、a survey(compare) prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens.Tsinghua University, (found) in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures.The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad 2 more comfortable(ho

27、ld).Simon made a big bamboo box(keep) the little sick bird till it could fly.The footballer didnt succeed in scoring, though( give) several chances by his teammates.Micro blogs experienced rapid growth in 2010 in China, with the number of micro blog operators, users and visitors( increase) several t

28、imes.Now that we*ve discussed our problem, are people happy with the decisions (take) ?(catch) the early flight, we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.(raise) in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to becoming a football star.(absorb) in painting, John didnt notice eve

29、ning approaching.The film star wears sunglasses. Therefore, he can go shopping without (recognize).Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only (find) it didnt fit.When it comes to (speak) in public, no one can match him.(spend) the past year as an exchange student in Hong

30、Kong, Linda appears more mature than those of her age.Its quite hot today. Do you feel like (go) for a swim?Children, when(accompany) by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium.(understand) your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your affection and em

31、otions.They came up with a lot of plans at the meeting, none of them(carry) out in their work.(expose) to alcohol, whether for an adult or for a teenager, is definitely harmful from all aspects.(wait) in the queue for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized he had left the money in the car.She w

32、ould move quietly up to the sparrow on a small tree just to get a better look, her face(shine) with childlike expressions at one of Gods simple wonders.(taste) nice, the food was all eaten up soon.With lots of problems(solve) in the class, our teacher looks very relaxed and happy.In Singapore, peopl

33、e(catch) eating or drinking on the subway can be fined up to 500 Singapore dollars.Passengers are permitted(carry) only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.She said she was unlucky(miss) the train, and had to spend another day here.The Silk Road Economic Belt(build) aims to enhance economic coo

34、peration, traffic connectivity, as well as people-to-people and cultural exchanges.Environmentalists observe that there is less fresh water for drinking and irrigation, thus(endanger) agriculture downstream.The parents do everything they can (provide) their daughter with good education, so that she

35、will get a good job in the future.I learned that he was 21 years old, (study) Asian literature and history at Sydney University.The little girl, with tears(roll) down her cheeks, stopped crying suddenly when given an apple.(attract) by the latest electronic toys, the little boy stood in front of the

36、 windows, without moving.When he was ready to leave he found his bicycles front tyro flat. He had to look for a place along the street to get his bicycle (repair).Eventually, I decided(contact) University Student Legal Services for help about this matter.(二)語篇填空(keep) a diary in English is one of th

37、e effective ways to improve our English writing ability.(compare) with other forms of writing, it is shorter and takes less time. It can help us 3_ (develop) the habit of thinking in English. _4_ we persist in this practice, gradually well learn how to express ourselves in English. In keeping a diar

38、y in English, we certainly run up against many _5_ (difficult) . In the first place, it often happens that we have trouble 6_ (find) appropriate words and phrases to give expression to our mind. Secondly, there are many idiomatic ways of saying things in Chinese. And it is extremely hard for us7 (put) them into English properly.As far as I 8(concern), my suggestion is that we should always have a notebook and a Chinese English dictionary within easy reach. Whenever something beats us, we can first put it down in our notebook and then consult our dict