初中英語(yǔ)完型填空解題技巧

1、完形填空解題技巧【復(fù)習(xí)要點(diǎn)】完形填空題是對(duì)學(xué)生英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言知識(shí)與語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力的一種測(cè)試。其觀察的形式靈便，綜合性較強(qiáng)，要求考生能綜合運(yùn)用所學(xué)的知識(shí)在特定的語(yǔ)境中進(jìn)行合理的推理判斷，并能正確地從四個(gè)備選項(xiàng)中選出正確答案，使補(bǔ)足后的短文結(jié)構(gòu)完滿，意義暢達(dá)。一完形填空題的特點(diǎn)完形填空題能夠較為正確地檢查學(xué)生的各項(xiàng)知識(shí)水平和綜合運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言知識(shí)的能力。這類題型的主要觀察內(nèi)容為：詞語(yǔ)辨析、基本句型、基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)法；固定搭配與習(xí)慣表達(dá)；閱讀理解能力和邏輯推理能力。近來(lái)幾年來(lái)，完形填空題更重視對(duì)語(yǔ)言應(yīng)用能力、閱讀理解能力的觀察。完形填空題（clozetest）它有以下兩大特點(diǎn)和規(guī)律：第一，一篇完形填空題是一個(gè)有機(jī)的整體。

2、盡管看起來(lái)形式上有殘缺（若干個(gè)空），但它的內(nèi)容、語(yǔ)言習(xí)慣，句與句之間的連結(jié)點(diǎn)，句子與段落之間的聯(lián)系，段落與段落之間的邏輯序次仍或隱或現(xiàn)地存在于篇章之中。因此，在做完形填空題時(shí)，通讀全文、了然馬虎、理清見解、分清層次是十分重要的一步?？忌忸}時(shí)必定重新至尾依賴語(yǔ)境，注意上下文之間、詞與詞之間，從語(yǔ)法到意義的合理搭配。特別要注意短文中承上啟下的過(guò)渡詞等，如so,but,however,then,therefore,also等。第二，完形填空題選材廣泛。它涉及社會(huì)、政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)；文化、教育、歷史、地理、科普知識(shí)、人物故事等。因此，考生做完形填空題時(shí)，要快速通覽全文，認(rèn)識(shí)文章概貌與各段落的中情義思，掌握

3、文章主旨脈絡(luò)，掌握文章作者的妄圖。1/13二完形填空題的設(shè)空規(guī)律為了對(duì)完形填空題的各種種類有一個(gè)深入的認(rèn)識(shí)，研究一下該題型的設(shè)空規(guī)律是有必要的。上下文直接信息題：本類題的設(shè)置特點(diǎn)是，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)之間不存在詞義差別和用法比較。考生應(yīng)著眼于對(duì)上下文信息的捕捉和對(duì)上下文表示的意會(huì)。以以下“考題1”中的78、9小題。詞、句、文三結(jié)合理解題：本類題的設(shè)置特點(diǎn)是：其中某一個(gè)或幾個(gè)選項(xiàng)代入空白處會(huì)使句意不通或嚴(yán)重違犯上下句意義的連結(jié)或直接與短文內(nèi)容不符，考生在做這類題時(shí)要對(duì)各選項(xiàng)的詞義作正確的掌握。以以下“考題中的4、5小題。詞義辨析題：本類題的設(shè)置特點(diǎn)是，各選項(xiàng)代入空中后該句的語(yǔ)法都是正確的，但是句子出現(xiàn)了幾

4、種不同樣的含義。在做這類題時(shí)，考生要仔細(xì)比較各詞之間的細(xì)微差別。以以下“考題中的1、1、15小題。語(yǔ)法知識(shí)和固定短語(yǔ)觀察題：考生在解答本類題時(shí)要注意句子的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)要正確：如時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)等；對(duì)固定短語(yǔ)要注意其結(jié)構(gòu)的完滿性，以以下“考題中的第10小題。行文邏輯和全文中心掌握題：2/13本類題的設(shè)空特點(diǎn)是：把各選項(xiàng)中的對(duì)象代入空格中可以致上下文之間出現(xiàn)因果關(guān)系、遞進(jìn)關(guān)系、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系、條件關(guān)系等。做本類題時(shí)，考生要注意全文的主線或脈絡(luò)，仔細(xì)解析上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系，從而正確地選出正確答案。以以下“考題中的2、13小題。三完形填空解題技巧在做這類題的時(shí)候，希望考生必然要切記四個(gè)步驟，屢次訓(xùn)練，使自己在短時(shí)間

5、內(nèi)有一個(gè)比較好的成績(jī)。第一步就是通讀全文，意會(huì)馬虎，第二步就是緊扣內(nèi)容，解析比較備選答案，第三步就是瞻前顧后，全文貫串,，第四步就是復(fù)查核對(duì)，決定棄取。1通讀全文，意會(huì)馬虎完形填空題不同樣于單項(xiàng)選擇填空題。單項(xiàng)填空題所給的是一個(gè)或兩個(gè)句子，依照本句或前后句便能夠判斷所選的答案。而完形填空題所給的是一篇意思完滿的短文，所選的答案處在整段或整篇文章之中。因此在做題前，必定先閱讀全文，認(rèn)識(shí)短文的馬虎，這是絕不可以省的一步。緊扣內(nèi)容，解析比較備選答案完形填空所用的短文一般不給標(biāo)題，但短文的主題句，經(jīng)常在每段文章的首句，有時(shí)也出現(xiàn)在文章的中間或結(jié)束處。主題句供應(yīng)全篇的性質(zhì)、馬虎等，這是深入認(rèn)識(shí)全文的“窗

6、口”，甚至能以語(yǔ)句為立足點(diǎn)，從該句的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)氣推測(cè)全文的主要內(nèi)容。解析時(shí)應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：當(dāng)遇到一個(gè)需要填的詞時(shí)，第一要考慮這個(gè)詞在句子中的成分是什么？是什么？若是需要填的是名詞，就要考慮名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)和全部格形式。若是需要填的是形容詞或副詞，就應(yīng)試慮是用原級(jí)或是，還是。若是需要填的是動(dòng)詞，則要考慮動(dòng)詞的，人稱變化，以及（不定式和動(dòng)詞-ing形式）的一般式，被動(dòng)式和完成式等。3/13若是需要填空的是介詞，則要注意固定搭配的用法。若是需要填的是冠詞，則要注意是用還是用。別的要注意一些固定句型。瞻前顧后，全文貫串短文中每個(gè)空白處的正確答案平和上下文在意思上和結(jié)構(gòu)上都有這樣或那樣的必然聯(lián)系。一般說(shuō)來(lái)，所

7、選答案只有和上下文和結(jié)構(gòu)上都吻合的時(shí)候，才是正確答案。因此，必定注意上下的參照，連結(jié)思慮。若是答案一時(shí)確定不下來(lái)，切記不要耽誤太久，可暫放一邊，待其他答案選好此后，再回過(guò)頭來(lái)仔細(xì)商酌。試題所供應(yīng)的短文能夠說(shuō)是一個(gè)整體，空白地方需要選的答案可是整體中的一部分。有時(shí)，所選答案從局部看是可行的，但從整體看，不見的是最正確的答案。這時(shí)就要局部遵從整體，從短文的整體內(nèi)容出發(fā)，重新選擇答案。對(duì)于那些拿不定想法或未能選答的空白，不要僅限制在與上下文的比較上，要把視野擴(kuò)大到全文。有時(shí)一旦和整篇短文聯(lián)系起來(lái)，即可豁然開朗，很簡(jiǎn)單項(xiàng)選擇出正確答案。復(fù)查核對(duì)，決定棄取全部題目作完今后，要仔細(xì)觀察核對(duì)。填完空白后，重

8、讀全文，這也是解題過(guò)程中至關(guān)重要的一環(huán)。此時(shí)考生對(duì)文章已經(jīng)有了一個(gè)相對(duì)完滿的認(rèn)識(shí)，對(duì)文章的理解也就更進(jìn)了一步，也就摸清了文章內(nèi)在發(fā)展的邏輯關(guān)系。而若是在此時(shí)再讀一遍文章，就有可能會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)一些其他原來(lái)沒(méi)有注意到的問(wèn)題，也便能夠依照對(duì)語(yǔ)篇的理解及內(nèi)在的聯(lián)系，屢次商酌，比較異同，從而選擇一個(gè)更吻合文章意義的答案，其方法是:把短文連同所選答案細(xì)讀一遍，凡讀起來(lái)別扭或答案無(wú)確實(shí)掌握的地方分別記下來(lái)，爾后將每個(gè)空白處與其相對(duì)應(yīng)的四個(gè)答案逐一比較，務(wù)求一一過(guò)關(guān)，防備遺漏。若發(fā)現(xiàn)原所選答案與復(fù)查時(shí)所選答案不同樣，不要急于涂改，待仔細(xì)商酌核實(shí)后，再?zèng)Q定棄取。4/13別的，在平時(shí)的練習(xí)中，對(duì)每一篇完形填空均可重復(fù)作

9、上幾遍，經(jīng)過(guò)屢次的練習(xí)，不僅好夠牢固地掌握所學(xué)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)，而且能夠提高完形填空的應(yīng)試能力?！纠}解析】1完形填空：閱讀下面短文，選出最正確答案：“Ringring”washisaunt.“Sam,2areyoustillathome?”sheaskedsurprisingly.Sam1ookedattheclock.Itwasalready7:.m.“Oh,mygoodness!Theres3today,”Samshoutedout.1.A.findB.giveC.putD.answer2.A.whyB.howC.whenD.where3.A.talkB.partyC.examD.meeting

10、4.A.tiredB.lostC.dressedD.rested5.A.forgotB.rememberedC.understoodD.thought6.A.classroomB.deskC.busD.door7.A.carefullyB.quietlyC.earlyD.fast8.A.worriedB.freeC.busyD.careful9.A.1ateB.illC.lonelyD.ready10.A.downB.upC.outD.back11.A.happenedB.stoppedC.failedD.pointed12.A.helpedB.knewC.followedD.stopped1

11、3.A.roomB.tableC.seatD.teacher14.A.thinkB.sitC.turnD.speak5/13D.usual【限時(shí)訓(xùn)練】(A)JackisanEnglishteacheratacollegeHemovedtoNewYorkCitywith_41_familyJackisanexcellentteacherSoweallmissedhimverymuchsincehe_42_Twoweeksago,JackcamebacktoNorthCarolinaforashortvisitTheteachersandstudentsheldasmall_43_forhimAt

12、thepartyIcertainlywouldnot_44_thatgoodchancetolearnEnglishSoItriedtothinkofallkindsoftopicstotalk_45_Grace，anotherEnglishteacherSuddenlyIheardJacksaytoothers_46_，“IdigNewYork!”IimmediatelyaskedGrace，“IsitreallydifficulttofindajobinNewYork?”Whydoe_47_doheavyworksinceheissuchagoodteacher?“Whydoyouthin

13、kthat?”GraceaskedmeHaventyouheardhim48_thatheisdigging?Ishebuildinganundergroundpassage?”IaskedWhenshefinallyrealizedwhatImeant，GracelaughedtotearsShethenaskedus_49_weknewthemeaningof“IdigNew”YorkAllofusshookour_50_SoGraceaskedJacktoexplainit?Itturnsoutthat“IdigNewYork”means“IloveNewYork俚”inAmerica)

14、(B.hisC.himself(B.leavesC.leave(B.partyC.lecture(B.callupC.giveup6/13(B.atC.of(B.sadlyC.loudly(B.hadtoC.hasto(B.sayC.speak(B.whetherC.what(B.armsC.heads(B)Haveyoueverdonesomethingsillythatmadeyoufeelsoembarrassed(尷尬)?Well，IhadareallybadSaturdaymorningIwentshoppinglastweek，_41_mywayhome,Itbegantorain

15、Iquicklyranintoaphonebox_42_IdidnthaveanumbrellaItwasraininghardandIdecidedto_43_inthephoneboxuntilitstopped._44_minuteslater,Isawayoungmanwalkuptothephonebox,wearingayellowraincoatandholdingatoolbox.Ididntwanttogooutintotherain,s_45_thephoneandpretendedIwastalkingtosomeone.Ithoughthewouldgoaway，but

16、hedidntHewaitedinthe_46_rain,watchingmewavemyhandsaboutandactasif1wasdeepinconversation_47_，therainstoppedafterabouttenminutes“OK，Mum，”Isaidloudlyintothephone，“Illseeyoulater.Bye!”Iputthephoneentdownutofandthewphonebox.“Imsorrytokeepyou_48_forsolong,”IsaidtothemanMyfaceturned_49_andIquicklyranoffwit

17、hmyheaddown.Thatwascertainlythemostembarrassing_50_ofmylife!()41.A.atB.onC.in()42.A.soB.andC.because7/13(B.AlittleC.Alot(B.pickedupC.turnedup(B.strongC.heavy(B.LuckC.Lucky(B.waitingC.waited(B.redC.white(B.wayC.timeC）EveryoneknowspeopleneedwaterButdoyouknowjusthow_41_wateristolivingthings?Maybeyoufee

18、llucky_42_yourlifeisnthard.ButitdoesntmeandonthavetoworryaboutwaterWeallfaceseriouswater_43_OneofthemiswaterpollutionAllkindsofthingsfromcars,factories,farmsandhomes_44_ourrivers,lakesandoceansdirty.Pollutedwaterisverybad_45_peopletodrink.Anddirtywaterisbadforfish,_46_Now,34percentofallkindsoffishar

19、edyingout._48_peoplehavemadewellstogetcleanwaterfromunderground.ButtherestillisntenoughScientists._49_thatin30years,morethanhalfofthepeopleintheworldwonthaveenoughcleanwater.Whenwedonttakecareofourwater，wearehurtingeveryoneItstimetostartlearninghowtosavemorewaterfor_50_andourchildren(B.whetherC.what

20、(B.problemsC.questions(B.letC.make8/13(B.atC.of(B.eitherC.too(B.rainC.raining(B.manyC.few(B.sayC.speak(B.weC.ourselves【真題演練】AFearsaresomethingweallhave.Youneedtofaceyourfearsandtogetoverthem.However,itseasier_(41)thandone.RunningawayfromyourfearsdoesntmakethemleaveItjustmakesthem_(42)thanever.Werene

21、vergoingtobe_(43)fearlesseverythingwedo,butwecanatleastbemorefearlessand(44)Whatarethefearsthatscareyoumuch?Checkwhattheyareandgetthem_(45)intheopen.Aretheythings_(46)heightorsnakes?Areyouafraidtotalktogirlorboy?Beforeyoucanfacethem,youneedtolearnmoreabout(49)makesyoufearfulofthesesituationsCommunic

22、atingyourfearoneway.Otherpeoplemaybeableto_(50)yourAnxiety(憂愁）becausetheyknowsomethingyoudont.Itcouldhefrom8past_(51),somethingthatyoucouldneverforgetandhasmadeyoufearful_thenTofacefears,youhaveto_(53)insomething.Itsaveryhealthywayoflettingyoufeel9/13asifnothingcango(54)Whenyoufeelthatway,youmayheab

23、letothink_(55)aboutyourfears.Youwillbeable10believethateverythingwillbeokay.Everythingdoesendupbeingokay41.AcalledB.actedC.dreamedD.said42.A.louderBsillierC.brighterD.bigger44.A.honestB.confidentC.patientDenergetic45.A.outB.belowC.aboutDaway.likeB.behindC.amongDabove47.A.freeB;shyC.politeD.peaceful4

24、8.A.wonderB.pretendC.influenceD.save49.A.whoB.whyCwhereD.what50.A.remindB.realiseC.representD.receive51.A.seasonB.expressionC.subjectD.experience52.A.beforeB.sinceC.afterD.until53.A.believeB.suggestC.dreamD.succeed54.A.guiltyB.wrongC.directD.correct55.A.mostlyB.fairlyC.differentlyD.gentlyBForyearssc

25、ientistshavebeenarguingaboutwhethernatureornurture(后天)decideswhatpeoplewillbelike.Isitnaturewhatpeopleare(41)withthatdecideswhattheywillbelike?(42)isitnurturewhat(43)topeoplewhentheyarebornthatdecideswhattheywillbelike?Scientistshavebeenstudyingtwinsto(44)iftheycanfindtheanswer,becausetwinsstartoutw

26、iththe(45)DNA.Sometimestwinsdontlivetogetheratbir10/13growupindifferent(46)anddifferentplacessothenatureisthesameforboth,butthenurtureisdifferent.Whenscientists(47)thesetwinsintheirlaterlife,theysometimesfindsomesurprising(48).JimSpringerandJimLewiswereadopted（收養(yǎng)）bytwodifferentfamiliesatbirth.Theyfi

27、rstmeteachotheragainthirty-nineyears(49)anddiscoveredtheyhadalotin(50).Bothhadbeen(51)twice.TheirfirstwiveswerebothnamedLindaandtheirsecondwiveswerebothnamedBetty!EachtwinhadasononecalledhissonJamesAlanandthe(52)calledhissonJamesAlan,too.Theirchildreneachhadadogcalled“Toy”.Theyevenarrivtheirfirst(53

28、)inthesamecolorofcar.Sofartwin(54)seemtoshowthatbothnatureandnurtureareimportant.Whatwehavefrombirth,andhowandwherewelivehelptobuild(55)weare.B.grownC.taughtD.madeB.AndC.IfD.OrB.happensC.fallsD.dependsB.winC.seeD.planB.sameC.fullD.freeB.citiesC.countriesD.nationsB.discoveriesC.resultsD.decisionsB.la

29、terC.forwardD.behindC.succeededD.interviewedB.elseC.otherD.onlyB.moviesC.challengesD.mysteries11/13D.whoCSomestudentscheat(作弊)becausetheyrebusyorlazyandtheywanttogetgoodgradeswithout(41)thetimestudying.Otherstudentsmightfeelthattheycan(42)thetestwithoutcheating.Evenwhenthereseemstobea“goodreacheating,itisntagood(43).Astudentwhothinkscheatingistheonlywaytopassatest(44)totalkwiththeteacherandhisorherpa