寫作素材的累積和范例

1、寫作素材的累積湛江二中海東中學(xué) 英語組 彭慧子英語寫作素材，本文作者理解的是從現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中搜集到的、未經(jīng)整理加工的、感性的、分散的可以應(yīng)用到寫作當(dāng)中原始材料。如何累積足夠的寫作素材，筆者認(rèn)為在于持之以恒的積累很有效的整理歸類，只有科學(xué)的儲(chǔ)備才是打開寫作思路、豐富寫作內(nèi)容、提高寫作能力的根本途徑。那么，我們要如何積累素材呢？一是通過廣泛閱讀，積累寫作的語言、技巧等前人已經(jīng)成功運(yùn)用過的“間接材料”，為此，平時(shí)我們可摘抄一些優(yōu)美的句子、片段，對(duì)于比較好的材料事例，可摘剪下來；二是通過觀察生活，積累生活中的直接素材，無論是閱讀積累還是生活積累，都圍繞一個(gè)核心觀察世界與社會(huì)，思考自我與人生，積累生活感悟。

2、三是在自身經(jīng)驗(yàn)基礎(chǔ)上，充分發(fā)揮自己的想象力或者聯(lián)想能力。必要時(shí)也可采用小組學(xué)習(xí)的模式相互交流經(jīng)驗(yàn)。下面就我個(gè)人執(zhí)教的一節(jié)課的教案做一簡要分析。選自新目標(biāo)八年級(jí)英語上冊(cè)Unit 2 Writing 一【單元話題分析】 本單元的主要內(nèi)容是關(guān)于健康（Health）的討論。Section A通過“醫(yī)生問診病人病情”，導(dǎo)出本單元的中心句：Whats the matter? I have a通過圖畫認(rèn)識(shí)人體部位，以及聽力、對(duì)話練習(xí)、情境交際等方式教會(huì)學(xué)生談?wù)撍麄兇嬖诘慕】祮栴}，或給出相應(yīng)的建議或勸告；Section B通過討論身體的狀況及其它健康的生活方式，通過聽力、閱讀、討論等方式，幫助學(xué)生掌握什么是健

3、康的生活方式以及如何養(yǎng)生；Self Check部分通過填空幫助學(xué)生復(fù)習(xí)所學(xué)詞匯，通過開放式的寫作幫助學(xué)生鞏固對(duì)健康生活內(nèi)容的表達(dá)。這一單元的重點(diǎn)在于“健康”。重點(diǎn)詞匯：head, tooth, stomach, throat, thirsty, stressed out, cold, fever, headache, toothache, stomachache, sore throat, dentist, lie, rest, illness, advice, should, shouldnt重點(diǎn)句型：Whats the matter? I have a headache. You shou

4、ld drink some tea.Thats too bad. That sounds like a good idea.I hope you feel better soon.二【話題作文優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)方案】通過游戲使學(xué)生在了解身體部位英文名稱的基礎(chǔ)上，牢固掌握病痛的詞匯表達(dá)。結(jié)合學(xué)生生活設(shè)計(jì)活動(dòng)，通過問候，發(fā)現(xiàn)對(duì)方身體方面的不適并提出相應(yīng)的建議。當(dāng)病癥未得到緩解時(shí)，建議其看醫(yī)生。創(chuàng)設(shè)氛圍，模擬醫(yī)患間的對(duì)話。結(jié)合醫(yī)生的處方，轉(zhuǎn)述病情。提升部分，調(diào)查學(xué)生日常的飲食習(xí)慣，就餐時(shí)間、飲食類型等，以及對(duì)待疾病和藥物的態(tài)度，根據(jù)圖片、影視資訊、親身經(jīng)歷這些累積的材料，大家共同探討怎樣的生活方式才健康，如何

5、通過飲食來養(yǎng)生。三【教學(xué)過程】 I. Teaching Important Points 1.Teach the students to know some expressions about illness. 2.Develop the students writing skills, using sentences and some linking words. II. Teaching Difficult Points How to make the students use some writing skills and improve their writing ability. I

6、II. Teaching Methods 1.Pair or group work to make every student take an active part in the activities in class. 2. Interactions between the Ss and teacher. IV. Teaching Aids Multimedia V.Teaching procedures Step I Brainstorming1. Give some advice according to the picture. - I have a stomachache. -_

7、b. -I have a toothache. -_c. -I have a fever. -_ 運(yùn)用遠(yuǎn)程教育資源和計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源中的圖片、flash動(dòng)畫、聲音媒體等手段進(jìn)行教學(xué)，設(shè)置練習(xí)和實(shí)踐所需的真實(shí)情景，營造良好的語言學(xué)習(xí)情景。實(shí)現(xiàn)遠(yuǎn)程教育資源與英語學(xué)科知識(shí)的整合。（Keys：a. You should lie down and have a rest b. You should see a dentist c. You should drink lots of water. d. You should drink some hot tea with honey.）2. Try to m

8、ake dialogues between the doctor and the patient according to the pictures.Doctor: Whats wrong with you, young man?Paul: I dont feel well. I have a headache and a sore throat.Doctor: Im sorry to hear that. Now, let me take your temperature.Paul: Yes, doctor.Doctor: Well, theres nothing much wrong wi

9、th you .You just have a fever.Paul: Can you give me some medicine?Doctor: You dont need medicine. Just take more exercise and drink enough water.Paul: Thank you for your advice.Doctor: Youre welcome. I hope you will feel better soon.采用情景視聽法，小組合作學(xué)習(xí)，任務(wù)型教學(xué)法，為學(xué)生設(shè)置真實(shí)的情景、語境，使學(xué)生在思考、交流、合作探究中學(xué)習(xí)和使用語言。重視聽說技巧的培

10、養(yǎng)。Step II Topic writing假如你是校醫(yī)，請(qǐng)根據(jù)以下學(xué)生的問題，向他們的家長提出建議。ProblemShouldShouldntJimtiredgo to bed earlygo to the party tonight Juliehungry, thirstyeat breakfast, have a drinkeat too much snacksAnswer the questions: Whats the matter with Jim / Julie ? What should they do? What shouldnt Jim / Julie do? Compo

11、sition writing. Look at the chart, Prepare some sentences to tell students problems and give some advice.Show the sample article.Jim is very tired today. He should go to bed early. He shouldnt go to the party tonight. Julie feels thirsty and hungry. She may have a drink. And she should eat breakfast

12、 everyday and shouldnt eat too much snacks. 了解語言學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)，并為下一環(huán)節(jié)的語言操練作鋪墊。 Step IV Basic writingA. 基礎(chǔ)寫作假如s你的一位同學(xué)感到很不舒服，頭痛、四肢無力，且煩躁不安，請(qǐng)你給她/他提一些建議。詞數(shù)60左右。內(nèi)容包括：a. have one healthy habit and lifestyle b. exercise every day c. eat a balanced diet d. eat yin foods, like. And yang foods, like. e. keep a balance

13、of studying and rest 1. Read the instructions and explain something in the notes. 指導(dǎo)學(xué)生審題、分析材料：寫一篇記敘文。注意三點(diǎn)：一、本人的人稱和時(shí)態(tài)：第二人稱，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。二、運(yùn)用給出的信息擴(kuò)展，注意詞數(shù)。三、運(yùn)用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should，連詞and等。 2. Have the students finish the composition on their own，while they are working, walk around and give them some help. 3. Let student

14、s exchange the composition with their partners. And make comments and give advice on the composition with each other. 4. Ask two students to show their compositions and show the Grading Standard on the screen. 5. Correct the compositions with the whole class. Remind Ss to pay attention to the follow

15、ing: the person and the tense, spelling, punctuation, conjunctions and handwriting. Ask Ss to find out where the good and bad points are. Finally answer some questions the students may have . 6. Read the model essay together: I think you should have one healthy habit and lifestyle. You should exerci

16、se every day and eat a balanced diet. If you are always tired, you should eat hot yang foods, like beef or lamb. If you are always stressed out and angry, you should eat more yin foods, like tofu or bean sprouts. Its important to keep a balance of studying and rest.培養(yǎng)學(xué)生歸納總結(jié)的能力。Step V Summary and HomeworkIn this period, weve know how to express the words of body and illness, and Im sure you will pay more attention