2023新高考新教材版英語(yǔ)高考第二輪復(fù)習(xí)-專題十　推測(cè)詞義

1、2023新高考新教材版英語(yǔ)高考第二輪復(fù)習(xí) 專題十推測(cè)詞義Passage 1Citizens in the poorest counties in the US face a life expectancy up to a decade shorter than citizens in the wealthiest areas, according to a study published in the American Journal of Public Health.Researchers wanted to better understand how socioeconomic （社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)

2、的）status was associated with healthoutcomes. They classified the countrys 3,141 counties into 50 new “states“ based on average household income as opposed to geographic areas. They broke down the data by county since they found state-level data may hide some impact of socioeconomic differences on bo

3、th the best-off and worst-off counties.Researchers found that there was nearly a 10-year difference in the life expectancy of men with an average of 79.3 years in the wealthiest counties compared to 69.8 years in the poorest. For women, the difference was slightly less-83 years in the wealthiest cou

4、nties and 76 years in the poorest. The study helps show how economic policies and income inequality are associated with health outcomes.“A lot of our work is about connecting the dots,“ said Woolf, the lead researcher. There is a tendency in our country to talk about health issues as medical problem

5、s without realizing that decisions that the new administration will make about economic policy and lowering taxes are all health issues.”While it may seem apparent that higher incomes would lead to better health outcomes, since people will be better able to get preventive medical care and treatment,

6、 Woolf says there are other seemingly unrelated factors that can affect health as well. He said that children who grow up in an economically depressed area with high levels of stress due to financial problems can end up with chronic stress. These children are at increased risk of developing diabetes

7、, heart disease or high blood pressure. kfcA lot of those conditions trace themselves back to childhood exposure,said Woolf.Woolf warns that while they found a connection between socioeconomic status and health outcomes, they did not analyze cause and effect, but they suggested that the data showed

8、that policy-makers should not just focus on state-wide measures but they should fbcus more on targeted efforts to help those most at risk. With limited resources, methods of identifying the poorest counties can assist in the allocation of resources and programs to those communities that are in the g

9、reatest need, Woolf said.l.The data collected by the researchers are based on counties because .A.it is easy to collect data by countyB.the state-level health data are unbelievableC.there is only a small wealth difference among statesD.it can reflect the effect of socioeconomic status on life expect

10、ancy accurately2.By saying “A lot of our work is about connecting the dots”, Woolf means .A.they help connect the government with poor peopleB.their work helps find more factors relating to health outcomesC.they help connect counties with socioeconomic differencesD.their work is to find the relation

11、 between peoples income and life expectancy.What does the underlined word “chronic“ in Paragraph 5 mean?A.Long-term.B.Serious.C.Acute. D.Early. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A.Children suffer most from poor family economic status.B.People in poorer counties are less likely

12、to have a health risk.C.Negative effects of poor economic conditions on people start early.D.Life expectancy of women is not affected by socioeconomic status.What does Woolf tend to indicate in the last paragraph?A.Resource allocation in the US is not fair at all.B.Their study helps find the poorest

13、 counties in the US.C.The government should learn something from the study.D.People still dont know the factor that decides life expectancy.林宏l.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句話和最后一句話可知,研究人員將數(shù)據(jù)按縣分類是因?yàn)樗軠?zhǔn)確 反映社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)地位對(duì)預(yù)期壽命的影響。2.B 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“There is a tendency.all health issues.”可知,Woolf說(shuō)的“我們的很多 工作都是關(guān)于連接這些點(diǎn)的”的意思是他們的工

14、作有助于發(fā)現(xiàn)更多與健康結(jié)果相關(guān)的因素。.A詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫(huà)線詞上文內(nèi)容可知,畫(huà)線詞所在句表達(dá)的是在經(jīng)濟(jì)蕭條地區(qū)長(zhǎng)大的孩子由于經(jīng)濟(jì)問(wèn)題而承受著巨大的壓力,最終可能會(huì)長(zhǎng)期都有壓力,chronic意為“長(zhǎng)期的二.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段最后兩句話可知.糟糕的經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況對(duì)人們的負(fù)面影響很早就開(kāi)始了。.C態(tài)度意圖題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“but they suggested that.可知,Woolf認(rèn)為政府應(yīng)該從他們的研 究中吸取教訓(xùn)。Passage 2Tiny as they are, bats have the ability to “see in the dark by using a specia

15、l skill called echolocation（回 聲定位）.They make noises and wait for sound waves, or an echo, to bounce（反彈）back off objects. They can tell the distance of various objects by how quickly the sound waves bounce back off them. If no sound bounces back, they can then fly forward.This special ability has bee

16、n simulated in the human world for a long time, such as in submarines and planes, whose sonar（聲吶）systems are somewhat similar to echolocation. But apart from helping vehicles see” where they are, what if blind people could use echolocation for themselves? It turns out that some already are. American

17、 Daniel Kish, who is blind, is known as “Batman”. This isnt because he walks around in a cape and a mask, but because he has a bat-like ability to locate where he is through sharp clicks he makes by moving his tongue against the roof of his mouth. Kish is so skilled at echolocating that he can ride

18、a bike and hike on his own.Recently, the research carried out at Durham University in England sheds some light on the power of human echolocation.Kish worked with a group of scientists who studied the way blind people listen to the echoes that they produce from clicks.The team, which conducted exper

19、iments with other volunteers, found that people were capable of hearing even very faint echoes, ones far fainter than had been previously thought.Speaking to The Independent, Lore Thaler, lead scientist of the group, said, “We found that in some conditions, they were really faintabout 95 percent sof

20、ter than the actual clicks, but the echolocators were still able to sense them.”Andrew Kolarik of the University of Cambridge is another expert in echolocation. Reacting to the Durham study, he told BBC News that echolocation can be very useful for providing information at face or chest height“ and

21、could help people “avoid objects like low-hanging branches that might not get detected by the cane or a guide dog”.Although Kishs skill is remarkable, theres hope for other blind people who want to use echolocation. According to BBC News, echolocation is a skill blind people can acquire and develop,

22、 just like learning a language. As Kolarik said: Teaching echolocation skills could provide blind people with the means of exploring new places.”.The underlined word “simulated“ in Paragraph 2 probably means A.discoveredB.copiedC.improvedD.challenged.How does Kish locate where he is?A.By using his g

23、reat sense of hearing.B.By listening to the echoes produced by his cane.C.Via the echoes from the clicks he makes with his tongue.D.Via the sonar system attached to his body.What did Lore Thalers team find from their studies?A.It is hard for echolocators to sense faint echoes.B.Humans can echolocate

24、 better than we thought we could.C.Echolocators can pick up all types of echoes.D.Blind people are better echolocators than those who can see.According to the article, teaching echolocation to blind people .A.will enable them to get rid of their caneB.will improve their ability to learn a new langua

25、geC.will open up new possibilities for themD.is not easy to put into practice.What is the article mainly about?A.A Study on blind people using echolocation.B.Different types of human echolocation.C.The importance of human echolocation.D.Why bats echolocation could be used by humans.答案l.B詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)下文可知

26、，潛水艇和飛機(jī)的聲吶系統(tǒng)和蝙蝠的回聲定位能力相似，這說(shuō)明蝙蝠的這種能力在人類的生活中被模仿，所以simulate的意思是“模仿二2.C 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三E殳中的“This isnt because he walks around.by moving his tongue against the roof of his mouth.”可知,Kish通過(guò)舌頭抵住上顆發(fā)出的尖銳的咔嗒聲來(lái)定位自己所在的位置。3.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段可知,人們甚至能夠聽(tīng)到非常微弱的回聲，由此可知人類的回聲定位能力 比我們想象的要好。.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一句話可知,向盲人教授回聲定位技術(shù)可以為他們提供探索

27、新地方的 方法，即回聲定位法可以為盲人開(kāi)啟新的可能性。.A主旨大意題。文章介紹了蝙蝠的回聲定位法被人類利用，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)人類也具有回聲定位的能力，這 種能力可以為盲人服務(wù),科學(xué)家對(duì)盲人使用回聲定位進(jìn)行了研究。所以本文主要介紹了一項(xiàng)對(duì)盲人使用 回聲定位法的研究。Passage 3Pandas are famously picky eaters. They only consume bamboo-a poor quality diet low in fat. But the creatures appear to have evolved to get the most out of what the

28、y do eat, according to a new study.Their gut （腸道）bacteria change in late spring and early summer when bamboo is at its most nutritious一 while protein-rich green shoots are coming out. The bacteria make the panda gain more weight and store more fat, which researchers said may compensate fbr a lack of

29、 nutrients later in the year, when bamboo plants have only fibrous leaves to chew.“Weve known these pandas have a different set of gut microbiota during the shoot-eating season for a long time, and its very obvious that they are chubbier during this time of the year, said lead study author Guangping

30、 Huang, a researcher for the Institute of Zoology at the Chinese Academy of Sciences.To investigate how the gut bacteria could affect a pandas digestion, the team first collected the waste of eight wild giant pandas in Chinas Qinling Mountains during both the leaf-eating season and the shoot-eating

31、season and then examined how the waste samples differed. They found a bacterium called Clostridium butyricum was more abundant in the pandas guts during the season when they enjoy the fresh bamboo shoots. To understand whether this bacterium helps the pandas gain and store weight, the researchers pu

32、t the panda waste they collected into lab mice. Then they fed the mice for three weeks with a bamboo-based diet that simulated （模仿）what pandas eat. Researchers found the mice that were transplanted with panda waste collected during the shoot-eating season gained significantly more weight than the on

33、es that were not, despite consuming the same amount of food.“The gut bacteria were the only variable （變量）in this research,Wei Fuwen, a co-author of the study, explained. However, Felix Sommer at Christian-Albrechts-University in Kiel, Germany, noted the number of pandas studied was small and that th

34、e experiment had only been performed once. Sommer also stressed the researchers had found a link, not a causal relationship between the bacteria and weight gain.When do pandas get more weight with the change of their gut bacteria? A.In late spring.B.In late summer.C.In early autumn.D.In early winter

35、.What does the underlined word “chubbier in Paragraph 3 mean?A.Smaller.B.Slimmer. C.Taller. D.Fatter.What can we learn from the experiment on mice? A.The experiment lasted for less than three weeks.B.Researchers collected bacteria from the lab mice.C.Panda waste has a vital effect on mices weight.D.

36、Different amounts of food led to an increase in weight. 4.What is the best title for the text?A.Studies on Eating Habits of Pandas B.Functions of Pandas Gut Bacteria C.Characteristics of Pandas Daily Diet 0.Arguments over Pandas Digestion System 茲安 口語(yǔ)篇解讀本文為說(shuō)明文。一項(xiàng)新的研究表明:大熊貓的腸道細(xì)菌有助于它們最大限度地吸收竹子中 的營(yíng)養(yǎng)。.A

37、細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“它們的腸道細(xì)菌在竹子最富營(yíng)養(yǎng)的春末和夏初時(shí)節(jié)發(fā)生改變.此時(shí) 正是竹子富含蛋白質(zhì)的綠芽長(zhǎng)出來(lái)的時(shí)候。這種細(xì)菌可使大熊貓?bào)w重增加并儲(chǔ)存更多的脂肪”可知春 末和夏初是大熊貓?bào)w重增加的時(shí)候。故選A。.D猜測(cè)詞義題。根據(jù)第三段中畫(huà)線單詞的前文“我們知道在食芽季節(jié)這些大熊貓?bào)w內(nèi)很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間 內(nèi)有著不同的腸道菌群二再結(jié)合第二段第二句（這種細(xì)菌可使大熊貓?bào)w重增加）可知,大熊貓?jiān)诔粤?竹子嫩芽之后體重增加,會(huì)更胖（fatter）,故選D。.C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段最后一句（研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)被移植了食芽季節(jié)收集的熊貓糞便的小鼠比那 些未移植的小鼠體重顯著增加，盡管進(jìn)食了相同數(shù)量的食物）可知

38、C項(xiàng)（熊貓糞便對(duì)小鼠體重有重要影 響）正確。.B主旨要義題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句（但是根據(jù)一項(xiàng)新的研究，大熊貓似乎已經(jīng)進(jìn)化了,可以充分利用 它們所吃的東西）以及第二段提到大熊貓的腸道細(xì)菌使它們體重增加可知，本文主要講述大熊貓的腸道 細(xì)菌有助于它們最大限度地吸收竹子中的營(yíng)養(yǎng)。故B項(xiàng)符合文章主旨。Passage 4Making a career out of building with Lego bricks sounds like a dream job. But its the real deal fbr Sean Kenney, who turned his childhood hobby i

39、nto a full-time career. For more than 15 years Kenney has been creating masterpieces using Lego bricks. His creations have been displayed at museums and zoos around the world, inspiring people of all ages.Like most kids, Kenney spent his free time playing with Legos. As he got older, he got trained

40、in his artistic skills as a cartoonist, studying visual arts at Rutgers University. Upon graduation he worked as a graphic designer, often including Lego bricks in his work. It wasnt until a botanical garden in Iowa approached him about making replicas（復(fù)制品）of some of its flowers and plants that he m

41、ade the natural world his subject.“One of the biggest challenges is trying to get the softness of features and the expressiveness of the face right while using blocky Lego bricks,“ Kenney says.To accomplish the tasks, Kenney cooperates with a group of artists who work together in teams of two or thr

42、ee to create each sculpture. Most pieces start out as rough drafts on paper, which are then transformed onto graph paper or computer models to plan out the basic shape and size of the animal. The artists then use these blueprints as a point of reference as they click together Lego bricks to build a

43、prototype（原型）.From start to finish, a single sculpture can take thousands of bricks and many months of labor to complete. Some large sculptures can take up to nine months to construct.While COVID-19 may have an effect on travelling, it hasnt stopped Kenney from creating new Lego sculptures. For 2022

44、, hes dreaming up a colorful, powerful and playfuF, exhibition called “Nature POPV that gives the natural world a novel spin.What inspired Sean Kenney to focus his works on nature? A.His wonderful artistic skills as a cartoonist.B.His previous work as a graphic designer.C.Some flowers and plants in

45、the natural world. D.His working experience in a botanical garden.What can be inferred about Sean Kenney?s job? A.It involves much time and teamwork.B.A11 his works feature plants.C.It doesnt require high artistic skills.D.It has been stopped due to COVID-19.What do the underlined words “a novel spi

46、n“ probably mean? A.A clear definition.B.A new look.C.An extra burden.D.A fun ride.Where may this text be taken from? A.A travel brochure.B.A novel.C.A science fiction novel.D.A newspaper.答案語(yǔ)篇解讀本文為記敘文。文章主要介紹了藝術(shù)家肖恩肯尼以其精湛的技藝創(chuàng)作出很多極為逼真的 樂(lè)高積木雕塑作品,激勵(lì)著世界各地各個(gè)年齡段的人們。.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句（直到艾奧瓦州的一個(gè)植物園提出請(qǐng)他制作一些花卉和植

47、物的 復(fù)制品時(shí),他才把自然界作為他創(chuàng)作的主題）可知在植物園工作的經(jīng)歷啟發(fā)他將作品創(chuàng)作集中在自然 上.故選Do.A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第一句（為了完成創(chuàng)作任務(wù)，肯尼會(huì)與一群藝術(shù)家合作。每件雕塑作品由 兩三個(gè)藝術(shù)家構(gòu)成的小組合作完成）以及本段最后兩句（從頭至尾，單個(gè)雕塑品會(huì)需要數(shù)千塊積木和數(shù)月 的勞動(dòng)才能完成。一些大的雕塑品會(huì)需要多達(dá)九個(gè)月的時(shí)間來(lái)建造）可知.肯尼的工作涉及許多時(shí)間和 團(tuán)隊(duì)協(xié)作。故選A。.B猜測(cè)詞義題。根據(jù)最后一段（雖然新冠肺炎疫情影響人們出行，但沒(méi)有阻止肯尼創(chuàng)作新的樂(lè)高雕塑 品。對(duì)于2022年,他正在構(gòu)想一個(gè)名為“Nature POP”的哆彩的、有力的、有趣的”展覽同知，該展

48、覽會(huì)給自然界一個(gè)全新的面貌。故選及4.D推理判斷題。本文主要介紹了藝術(shù)家肖恩肯尼以其精湛的技藝創(chuàng)作出很多極為逼真的樂(lè)高積木 雕塑作品.激勵(lì)著世界各地各個(gè)年齡段的人們。因此本文有可能選自報(bào)紙。Passage 5When I was 6, my elder brother brought me to the local BMX（自行車越野）track to ride in a kids5 race for the first time. The hill out of the starting gate looked so scary and steep that I backed off. My

49、 parents took me back for another try the next week. I fell almost immediately but still managed to win the second place. I,ve loved racing ever since.I turned pro at 15, which isnt possible now: You have to be 17 to compete professionally. Around the time I went pro, BMX became an Olympic sport and

50、 I decided to pursue it after high school. Tm the youngest woman with a professional title in the United States.BMX isn*t judged on tricks or how you handle barriers, but its an extreme sport. Its like horse racing mixed with riding a roller coaster. It starts with a huge burst of speedI go 40 mph b

51、y the time. Tm two and a half seconds out of the gate. Then I try to come out in front of seven competitors at the end of the track, which includes 40-foot jumps. I keep chasing the high that comes from prestart nervousness, big jumps, and that feeling of crossing the finish line first.Strength and

52、balance are key in competition, so I work out at least five days a week to prepare. I do tons of resistance and agility（靈活）training, both on and off the bike. I also do mental drills with a sports psychologist to make sure Im focused and confident going into competition. If I make a mistake on the c

53、ourse, I have to move on. Everyone is out to beat me; I need to concentrate on winning so my competitors cant capitalize on an error and pass me!I was so proud to win a silver medal at the Olympics in Rio, but I felt I was capable of gold, so that will push me to do better. Im continually working to

54、 reach my potential in the sport. Until I feel completely satisfied, ril keep coming back.What do we know about the author?A.She withdrew from her first BMX race.B.She became the youngest BMX rider in America.C.Her parents forced her to turn BMX professional.D.Her efforts resulted in BMX entering th

55、e Olympics.To win the BMX race,the author has to.A.jump highestB.focus on other competitorsC.play tricksD.keep balanced all the way.The underlined phrase capitalize on“ in Paragraph 4 probably means.A.make up forB.take advantage ofC.keep an eye onD.take notice of.What qualities have led to the autho

56、rs success?A.Proud and serious.B.Ambitious and hard-working.C.Optimistic and generous.Independent and cooperative.答案語(yǔ)篇解讀本文為記敘文。文章主要講述作者六歲接觸自行車越野.通過(guò)自己的不懈努力.最后勇奪里 約奧運(yùn)會(huì)自行車越野賽銀牌的故事。.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句（起跑門外的山看起來(lái)如此恐怖、B超I肖，以至于我退出了比賽）可 知A項(xiàng)（她退出了第一次自行車越野賽）正確。.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第一句（力量和平衡是比賽的關(guān)鍵.因此我要每周至少鍛煉五天來(lái)做 準(zhǔn)備）可知要贏得

57、自行車越野賽，作者必須一直保持平衡。故選D。.B猜測(cè)詞義題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中畫(huà)線短語(yǔ)前的“每個(gè)人都想戰(zhàn)勝我，我需要專注于獲勝”以及后面 的“error”和“pass me”可知作者全程專注于獲勝的目的在于不讓對(duì)手利用自己的失誤完成超越.故選B。.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句（我很自豪贏得里約奧運(yùn)會(huì)銀牌.但我覺(jué)得自己能夠獲得金牌，所 以那將激勵(lì)我做得更好）可知,作者是一個(gè)有雄心的（ambitious）人。再結(jié)合本段第二句（我持續(xù)不斷地努 力以發(fā)揮在該項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)中的潛力）可知作者很努力（hard-working）。故選BoPassage 6Sitting in the classroom I fe

58、lt confused, for I couldnt read the blackboard. Then Mum took me to an optometrist （驗(yàn)光師）.Within a few days, I was diagnosed with a severe visual impairment. In fact, I was practically blind. Amazingly, Id managed to reach the age of 13 without anyone realizing, not even me! ”It all makes sense now,“

59、 Mum said. As a kid living on a farm, I was forever falling over things. I was known as the clumsy one to my parents and four siblings. But now, I was being told that I saw the world differentlyI could only make out the outlines of things. I was given reading glasses but they didnt help much.Refusin

60、g to let my diagnosis hold me back, I continued doing everything I loved. As long as everything was in its place, I could navigate my way around.Later I got married to Lance and had amazing kids. I could change nappies and dress the kids fineit just took a little longer as I relied on touch to work