英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法框架-詳細(xì)總結(jié)

1、精選文檔精選文檔可編輯可編輯英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法框架概、詞法數(shù)量：10大類分類依據(jù)：形式特征、意義、句法作用詞類定義例詞實(shí)詞Notionalword名詞Noun表小事物名稱的詞Market, people, water, information代詞Pronoun代替名詞或名詞所有格的詞I, me, we, your, hers, all, nothing動(dòng)詞Verb表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的詞Are, do, go, eat形容詞Adjective表示人或事物性質(zhì)特征的詞Young, fast, excellent副詞Adverb表示動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)的程度的詞Very, well, always數(shù)詞Numeral表

2、示數(shù)目或順序的詞One, first, thousand虛詞Empty word冠詞Article名詞前，說(shuō)明名詞含義A, an, the介詞Propositio n名詞或代詞之間，表關(guān)系Of, to, after,連詞Conjuncti on連接，“關(guān)節(jié)”之意And, but, if感嘆詞Injection情感態(tài)度的詞Oh, ah, well句法? 分類方法：按成分、按類別1.句子成分成分充當(dāng)詞例句名詞NounThe sun gives us light and heat.主語(yǔ) subject人稱代詞Personal pronounWe love life.“誰(shuí)”“什么”物主代詞Posses

3、sive pronounYour idea is good, but mine is better.動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的發(fā)出者指示代詞DemonstrativeThis is my favorite teacher.疑問(wèn)代詞pronounWhat is the most important thing in your life?不定代詞InterrogativeNobody can stop me noun基數(shù)詞Indefinite pronounTwo of you are my best students.序數(shù)詞Cardinal numeralThe second is my sister.形容詞

4、The old should be taken care of in our不定式Ordinal numeralcountry.動(dòng)名詞從句AdjectiveInfinitiveGerund clauseTo talk is easier than to do.Helping others can bring us happiness.What you did is better than what you said.謂語(yǔ) predicate主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)實(shí)意動(dòng)詞聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞Notional verbLinking verbWe plan to review our lessons in thre

5、e months.We are Chinese.口 object及物動(dòng)詞或及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的對(duì)象或內(nèi)谷名詞人稱代詞反身代詞指示代詞疑問(wèn)代詞不定代詞物主代詞相互代詞NounPersonal pronounReflexive pronounDemonstrative pronounInterrogative pronounInfinitive pronounNowadays many foreigners are learning Chinese.He fools us all.Believe in yourself.I thank you will like this.Who are you wai

6、ting for?They got everything they want.He is an old friends of hers.Possessive pronounReciprocal pronounWe should learn to respect each other.賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)object complement 一一賓語(yǔ)之后，補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明形容詞 副詞 名詞介詞短語(yǔ) 不定式現(xiàn)在分詞 過(guò)去分詞AdjectiveAdverbNounPrepositional phraseInfinitivePresent participlePast participleThat news will m

7、ake mother happy.Let me show you out.We chose Tom our monitor.Jerry found him in a strange world.Do not force me to do anything I don t like.Don t keep me waiting too long.They ran away and left the work unfinished.表語(yǔ) predictive說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)，“補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”形容詞副詞指示代詞疑問(wèn)代詞不定代詞基數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞介詞短語(yǔ)AdjectiveAdverbDemonstrative pronou

8、nInterrogative pronounIndefinite pronounCardinal numeralThe mountains are green.Time is up.What I want is this.I wander who you are.It is nothing serious.Two plus two is four.My mother is always the first to get up.The watch is just under the table不定式動(dòng)名詞現(xiàn)在分詞過(guò)去分詞從句Ordinal numeralPrepositional phraseI

9、nfinitiveGerundPresent participlePast participleclauseMy job is to clean the road.His bobby is collecting stamps.The result is disappointing.We are disappointed to the result.That is what IQ means.te語(yǔ) attribute修飾名詞或代詞名詞形容詞副詞物主代詞指示代詞疑問(wèn)代詞不定代詞基數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞介詞短語(yǔ)NounAdjectiveAdverbPossessive pronounDemonstrative

10、 pronounInterrogative pronounIndefinite pronounCardinal numeralHe works in a car factory.Now the world is just like a small village.The native there are very friendly.Their invention won the world prize.These wild plants are well protected.Which river is the longest in the world?Both his parents are

11、 doctors.The organization contains eight countries.He was the fifth player to receive the honor.Many secrets in space remain unknown.不定式Ordinal numeralSo I have nothing to say for myself.動(dòng)名詞Prepositional phraseI bought a walking stick for my grandfather.現(xiàn)在分詞InfinitiveTom got injured by a falling tre

12、e.過(guò)去分詞GerundThey reached an old house built 200 years ago.從句Present participlePast participleclauseThose who drink water will not forget thepeople who dig the well.名詞NounLi Ming is one year old than I.狀語(yǔ) adverbial形容詞AdjectiveThe travelers came back, safe and sound.位置隨意，修飾任意副詞AdverbThe son often writ

13、e to his parents.動(dòng)詞、副詞、形容詞不定式InfinitiveMother went to buy something in the market.從句、全句現(xiàn)在分詞Present participleHe stood up, looking at the boss coldly.過(guò)去分詞Past participleLed by the natives, we found the old castle.介詞短語(yǔ)Prepositional phraseFrom the space the astronaut saw a blueglobe.從句ClauseWhere there

14、 is smoke, there is fire.獨(dú)立主格nominative absolutestructureWeather permitting, we will go for a同位語(yǔ)appositive名詞NounMiss Wu, our English teacher, is kind to us.前名詞、代詞的具體內(nèi)容代詞PronounThey each have a PC.數(shù)詞NumeralI have prepared a nice dinner for you two.從句clauseWe ve got the news that our team won thematch

15、.2.句子類別分類：按使用目的、按結(jié)構(gòu)(1) 按使用目的：陳述句、疑問(wèn)句、祈使句、感嘆句類別例句陳述句Declarativesentence啟/E句Assertive sentenceHis name was Pangu.She began searching for that something.否定句Negative sentenceI can not agree with you.It doesn t matter.一般疑問(wèn)句疑問(wèn)句Question sentenceGeneralquestionDid Italy win the World Cap?Is that film intere

16、sting?特殊疑問(wèn)句SpecialquestionWhat is your name?Where can you find the answer、選擇疑問(wèn)句AlternativequestionAre you a teacher or a student?Do you like coffee or tea?反義疑問(wèn)句DisjunctivequestionIt is fine day, isn t it?No one accepted your offer, did they?祈使句imperative sentenceDo not take everything for granted!Fo

17、llow me, please.感嘆句exclamatory sentenceWhat a good teacher he is!How good a teacher he is!(2)按結(jié)構(gòu)：簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句、復(fù)合句類別例句簡(jiǎn)單句 simple sentence5種基本類型S+VIThe sun rises in the east.S+VT+OMany families keep pets.S+V+CChina is still a developing country.S+VT+O1+O2He sent me an e-mail yesterday.S+VT+O+CMy girl alway

18、s makes me happy.并列句Coordinate sentenceHe likes to watch TV but I like to read books.You can do your homework first and then you can play with your friends.復(fù)合句Comple x sentenc e名詞性從句Noun clause主語(yǔ)從句 subject賓語(yǔ)從句object表語(yǔ)從句 predicative同位語(yǔ)從句 appositiveWhat you said is true.You knew that beauty should be natural.That is when I studied.He made a promise that he would come back.狀語(yǔ)從句Adverbial clause時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)time