2022年醫(yī)學(xué)考博英語真題附答案

1、2006Hethe check and deposited it in his account.B.endorsedC.cashedcash a checkC.cashedD.endowed 捐贈, 賦予He is endowed with geniusShe claimed that she was denied admission to the schoolher race A. by virtue of .依靠, 由于B.inaccordance withD.on account ofC.withD.on account ofThe present is ill.so the secre

2、tary will befor him as chairman at themeeting.A.standing up堅持, 經(jīng)得起, 擁護, 抵抗B.coming up流行, 發(fā)生, 被提出,上升,討論,出現(xiàn)C.sitting in參加D.filling in34The witness was.by the judge for failing to answer the questionA. sentencedB.threatenedC.admonishedD.jailedPublicly,theyaretryingtothislatestfailure,butinprivatetheyar

3、every worried.publicly adv.公然地, 輿論上B.laughoffA.putoff 搪塞, 使分心, 使厭惡, 扔掉, 脫掉, 勸阻v.B.laughoffC.pay off v. 報復(fù), 贏利D.lay offv.解雇, 停止工作,休息, 劃出It is sheer（完全的;十足的）tobe home again and beableto relax.A.prestigen.聲望, 威望, 威信B.paradise天堂B.paradiseC.prideD.privacy 秘密, 私事In such matters, privacy is impossible.在這類事

4、情中, 保密是不可能的。We must respect others -ciesDuring rush hour.Downtown streets arewith commuters. commuter n者, 經(jīng)常往返者A.scatteredB.condensed(使)濃縮, 精簡C.clogged阻塞（up）塞堵， 阻滿（with）D.dottedSomeonewhoisinconfinementiskeptaloneinaroominprison.precisesolitary solitary confinement 單獨拘禁C.remoteD.confidentialShe is v

5、ery, and will be able to perpform all require tasks well.A.productiveB.flexible kC.sophisticatedD.versatileD.versatileVarious books and papers areup togethir on her desk.A.jumbledadj.混亂的, 亂七八糟的A.jumbledB.tumbledC.bumbledv.拙劣地做, 弄糟,n.大錯誤D.humbledSection41.A.B.C.D.42.Sunny periods will be interspersed

6、 with showerintersperse with.點綴著,不時用.打斷.occasionalC.blendedA.interrupted.B.blockedD.interestedC.blended43.A.B.C.D.44.A.B.C.D. x) A.B.C.D. nAABUT)B|She kept to her point tenaciously and would not give away. tenacious adj.頑強的A.persistentlyB.constantlyC.perpetuallyD.vigorously精神旺盛地47.A.B.C.D. ?I am jus

7、t fed up with his excuse for not getting his work done。fed up with A.anguished at 使痛苦苦惱, 悲痛annoyed at be annoyed with sb. at sth.對(某人)為(某事)而生氣agonized byafflicted by 使苦惱, 痛苦, 折磨beafflicted with goutLets get out the dictionary and settle this dispute once r all. A.at the momentB.at any timeC.for a wh

8、ileD.forD.for the last time50.I was so absorbed in my work that I completely forgot the time.A.engraved 雕刻B.engrossed全神貫注的B.engrossedC.enforcedD.enveloped完型填空Culture shock might be called an occupational disease of people who have beensuddenlytransplantedabroad.Likemostailments,ithasitsownsymptomsan

9、dcure.Cultureshock 文化沖擊isprecipitatedbythe51thatresultfromlosingallour familiar signs and symbols of social intercourse.Those signs or cues include the thousandsandonewaysinthichwe52ourselvestothesituationofdailylife;when to shake hands and what to say,when we meet people, when and how to give tips,

10、howtomakepurchases,whentoacceptandwhento53invitations,whentotakestatements seriously and 54 .These cues,which may be words,gestures,facialexpressions,customs,ornorms,areacquiredbyallofusinthecourseofgrowingupandare55apartofourcultrueasthelanguagewespeakorthebeliefsweaccept.Allofusdepend56ourpeaceofm

11、indandourefficiencyonhundredsofthesecues,most of which we do not carry,57 conscious awareness.Nowwhenindividualentersastrangeculture,allormostofthesefamiliarcuesare 58 .He or she is like a fish out water.No matter how broad-mindedorfull of goodwill you may be, a series of propshave been knocked 59 y

12、ou,followedbyfeelingoffrustrationsandanxiety.Peoplereacttothefrustrationin much the same way.First they reject the environment which causes the discomfort.“The ways of the host country arebad because they make us feel bad.”When foreigners in a strange hand get together to grouse埋怨 about the 60countr

13、y and its people.You can be sure they are suffering from culture shock.51.A.complaint B.anxiety C.grief D.conflict斗爭, 沖突52.A.convertB.associateC.orient I havent been able to orient my ideas to the new conditions能使自己的觀點適應(yīng)新情況。D.familiarize53.A. refuse B.welcome C.deliverD.withdraw54.A.why not B.what n

14、ot C.when not D.where not地方、中間缺內(nèi)容Eating habits are also conditioned by family and other psychosocial environments.If an individuals family eats large quantities of food,then he or she is inclined to eat large amounts.If an individuals family eats mainly vegetable,thenheorshewillbeinclinedtolikeveget

15、ables.Ifmealtimeisahappy and significant event,then the will tend to think of eating in those terms.And ifa family eats quickly,without caring what is being eaten anwdhile fighting at the dinnertable,then the person will most likelyadopt thesameeating pattern andbe adversely affected by it.This cond

16、itioning to food can remain unchanged through alifetime unless the individualis awakenedto 醒悟the fact of conditioning and to the possible need for altering his or her eating patterns in order to improvenutritional intake.Conditioning spills over into and is often reinforced by religious beliefs and

17、other customs so that ,for example,a Jew,whose religion forbids the eating of pork,might have guilt feeling if he or she ate pork.An olderRoman Catholi might be conditioned to feel guilty if he or she eats meat on Ffiday,traditionaly a fish day.76A well-breast-fed child tends to associated foods wit

18、h emotions /pa7kuGf4is physiologically and emotionally satisfiedcannot have physiologic and emotional problemsis more likely to have his or her needs satisfied in the futrue77while sucking ,the baby is actually A.conscious of the impact of breast-feedingB.interacting with his or her mother C.creatin

19、g a nursing environmentD. impossible to be abused78A bottle-fed child can be healthy physiologically,but not emotionallycannot avoid physiologic abuse throught lifeis deprived of emotional needs is rid of physiological needs79From the list of eating habits,we learn that everyone follows his or her e

20、ating pattern to deathones eating pattern varieswith his or her personalitythere is no such things as psychosocial environmentseveryone is born into a conditioned eating environment80A Jew or an older Roman Catholic takes an eating habit as a religious beliefis conditioned to feel guilty of eating p

21、ork in his or her familycannot have a nutritional eating habit conditioned by religion beliefsobservesan eating pattern conditioned by his or her psychosocialenvironmentPassage 5Several classes of bittercitrus compound have looked promising as anticancer agents in laboratory tests.A new study indica

22、tes that long-term consumption of orange juice.A source of such chemicals cuts cancer risk in rats.In test-tube studies,one class of the bitter compounds-flavonoids類黃酮-has inhibited the growth of breast cancer cells.Related studies showed that bitter citruslimonoids similarly ward off 擋住cancer in an

23、imals.Mulling深思 over such data,Maurice R Bennink of Michigan State University in East Lansing wonderedwhetherdrinkingorangejuicewouldhaveabeneficialeffect.mullsth.over(=mull over sth.)反復(fù)考慮某事His team injected 60 young rats with a chemical that causes colon cancer and then raised half of the animals o

24、n a normal diet.The others received orange juiceinstead of drinking water-and less sugarin their food to compensate for sugarsin the juice.At an American Institute for Cancer Research meeting last week in WashingtonD.C.Benninkreportedthatafter7months22oftheanimalsreceivinganormaldiet had developed c

25、olon cancers.Only 17 of the rats on the orange-juice diet showed tumors.Thats 77 percent of the control groups incidence.Concludes Bennink,whose work was supportedby orange-juice producer Tropicanaproducts of Brandenton,Fla“These data show orange juice helps protect againstcancer”,He says that the s

26、tudy might also apply to breast,prostate,and lungcancers.Bandaru S.Reddy of the American Health Foundation in Valhalla.N.Y.,was not surprised by Benninks finding of an orange juice benefit.However,he calls thereported risk reduction. unimpressive不令人信服的,his own data show that citruslimonoids protect

27、against chemically induced colon cancer in lab animals.Luke K. T. Lam of LDT Laboratories in St. Paul,Minn.,finds Benninks data“quite interesting.” although he describes as “borderline”邊界線the suppressionofcancerincidenceobservedbyBennink.Lamhasinhibitedtumorsinthelung,skin and forestomach of mice wi

28、th limonoinds.The scientists dont know what compounds in orange juice underlie its effect.The juice is rich in one limonoid-a sugar-containing version of limonin檸檬苦素,which suppressed tumors in Lams rich in one experiments.Its possible,Lam speculates,that rats convert the juices limonoid into limonin

29、.Indeed argues Gary D,Manners of the Agricultural Research Service in Albany,Calif.“there is no doubt that these( anticancer) citus compounds are bioavailable in animals to the site of a cancer.The question remains whether theyaresimiliarlyavailableinpeople”.Tofindout,histeamwillsoonbeginmeasuring t

30、he human boys uptake 吸收of limonoids from orange juice.what made Bennink hypeothesize the protetive effect of orange juice?A.The wide consumption of the fruitsB.the citrus limonoids of the fruitsC.His own personal experience.D His promising research fv3+_syJWwhich of the following is true of the resu

31、lts of Benninks study?A.only eitht rats of the control group showed tumorsB.thirteen rats of the test guoup failed to show tumors C.seventy-seven percent of the test group did not show tumorsD.only thirty-three percent of the control group showed tumors83.It can be inferred from the passage that Ben

32、nink won much financial support with his unexpected results.had a commercial intention in the first place aO?Wetried to please orange-juice manufacturersfound a right sponsor 84.Both Reddy and Lam seemed to be surprisingly impressed by Benninks findingsdid not seem to be surprised by Benninks findin

33、gsdid not seem to believe in the orange juice benefitseemed to be doubtful of Benninks findingsFromthepassagewecanlearnthatscientistsarestillinthedarkabout the substance that supprisses tumorsche existence of bioavability in the human bodythe uptake of limonoids from orange-juice in people bv6Knvrth

34、e bioavailability生物利用率, 生物有效度of citrus compounds in the humanbody.passage 6Justbeforedawnwereceivedacallthatanunresponsiveinfantwasbeingbrought by emergency medical services to our hospital.As the medical team-the pediatricresident,intern,respiratory therapist,nurse,and me-prepared for the incoming

35、patient,an eeriesilence enveloped the traumaroom,an event that frequently precedesa pediatric resuscitationThe child arrived in our emergency department pulseless and cold,with compressionsbeingperformedonhiminthearmsoftheparamedic(,Further history obtained by the paramedics indicated that the mothe

36、r had left the infant alone in the home with two young children to watch.The child ,and upon her returntheinfantwasfoundinbednotbreathingandcold,Asamedicalteamwesinultaneously performed multiple procedures,(intubation,insertion of intraosseous lines,administration of epinephrine腎上腺素,cardiac compress

37、ion),all to noavail.Twenty minutes after he arrived,Ideclared this 2-months-old childdead with a high suspicion of abuse of neglect.Everyone vacated the room almost immediately ,expcept for the nurse,who never left the childs beside.I asked herwhy the needed to stay,and she looked at me and smiled,“

38、why of course ,to be withmy patient a little bit longer.”I knew the difficult part was yet no come;telling the family the bad news .Themotherwasstillathomebeinginterviewedbythepolice.Thefatherhadarrivedfrom his place of employment to the emergency department minutes after death was pronuounced and n

39、ot knowing the condition of his son.The father and I sat with chaplain to explain what we had done for the babyt.I could tell from the stunned look on his face that he knew before I finished my story that his child was dead despite this I said in muffled voice.“I am sorry your child passed away.”Wew

40、alkedslowlybacktotheresuscitationroom.Theinfant,whoonlymomintsagolaycoveredwithbloodandsecretionsoozingfrom 從傷口滲出everyorifice,hadbeen transformed.The nurse had left her patient,tending to him,cleaninghim,wrappinginsoftblankets,andnowpresentingthebokytothegrievingfathet.He seemed relieved to see his

41、baby,no alive,surely but at peace and thus the man couldbegin in the mourning process.I again left the room tend to the busy emergency department;seeing patients somehow seemed to blunt my emotional response to what had jusft happened.As I listen to a resident present the next case,I saw the nursecarry