高三英語《第二輪復習單項選擇題解題技巧》-精講版課件

1、第二輪復習TechniquesUsed inMultiple Choice單項填空的命題特征知識覆蓋面廣語境地位突出交際性原則明確試題題干新穎迷惑性較大靈活性較高單項填空的命題要點情景交際動詞短語句子結構介詞搭配連詞、代詞形容詞、副詞情態(tài)動詞動詞語態(tài)動詞時態(tài)非謂語動詞分析句子結構注重意群理解單項填空的解題要素一、分析句子結構句子結構復雜，迷惑性大，稍有疏忽，便會受到干擾項的干擾。解題時必須首先認清主要句子成份。復雜句子解讀的一般規(guī)律是找到主句及其謂語。主句是復雜句中不帶連接詞的句子。When Mrs. Green , who works in a big company, got to the

2、 office yesterday morning, she saw that her boss, Mr. Foss, was dead on the floor.When Mrs. Green , who works in a big company, got to the office yesterday morning, she saw that her boss, Mr. Foss, was dead on the floor.主語謂語賓語狀語定語Shesawthat her boss, Mr. Foss, was dead on the floor.When Miss Green g

3、ot to the office early yesterday morning，who works in a big company，The old English teacher who retired ten years ago will give us a talk on how to study English well when he is free next week.主題（主語）The old English teacher內(nèi)容（謂語）will give us a talk 內(nèi)容修正（狀語）when he is free next week 詞義限定1（定語）who retir

4、ed ten years ago The old English teacher詞義限定2（定語）on how to study English well A talk分析句子結構的一般規(guī)律是1）找到主語確定信息主題2）找到謂語確定信息內(nèi)容3）找到狀語確定信息成立的條件4）找到定語以確定某個名詞的準確意義解讀復雜句子的一般規(guī)律是解讀句子的關鍵是找到主句的謂語，主句是復雜句中不帶連接詞的句子。二、注重意群理解group meaning意群在英語交際中表達一個詞組、一個句子或一個段落的完整的意義。各個意群是一個有機的整體，在意義上不能把里面的單詞分割開來。 各個意群是一個有機的整體，在意義上不能把

5、它們分割開來。如：1. Jenny is pleasant to _.A. say B. speak C. talk D. talk to2. Occasions are quite rare _ I have the time to spend a day with my kids. A. Who B. which C. why D. when3. - Whom would you rather _ with you, Mary or June?- _.A. go, NeitherB. have go, EitherC. have gone, EitherD. have to go, Bot

6、h分析句子結構注重意群理解Remember解 題 策 略 把握語境信息 還原或化簡句子 克服思維定勢 克服母語干擾 注意標點符號和連詞提示把握語境信息Strategy One把握語境題干中不明確標示解題關鍵信息，而是比較巧妙地隱含在句子中，稍不注意就會錯選。不同的語境傳達不同的信息，注意比較：1. （原題）Has Sam finished his homework today? I have no idea. He _ it this morning. （改編） Has Sam finished his homework today?Yes. He _ it this morning. A.

7、did B. has doneC. was doing D. had doneCA2. （原題） - Which of the three ways shall I take to the village?- _way as you please. （改編）- Which of the two ways shall I take to the village?- _ way as you please.A. Each B. Every C. Any D. EitherDC解題訣竅以語境為切入點，認真思考。不放過任何細節(jié)，把握住題干里所隱藏的信息、關鍵詞。Strategy Two還原或化簡句子還

8、原或化簡句子題干以省略句、疑問句 、被動句 、倒裝句、強調(diào)句等形式，避開考生所熟悉的陳述句結構，從而加大難度。有時題干較長,加入了從句、插入語等修飾部分。一、將疑問句改成陳述句如：1. Whom would you rather have _ with you ? A. to go B. go C. goneD. going還原為：you would rather have whom _ with you. 分析： 測試的知識點是使役動詞have的賓語補足語用動詞原形表示將要發(fā)生的動作。have sb. do sth.二、改被動句為主動句1. Time should be made good

9、use of _our lessons well.A. learningB. learned C. to learnD. learnsWe should make good use of time _ our lesson well.2. Charles Babbage is generally considered _ the first computer.A. to inventB. inventingC. to have invented D. having invented.People generally considered Charles Babbage _the first c

10、omputer.三、強調(diào)句型還原成簡單句式1. It was _ the old clock that the old man spent the whole morning at homeA. repairB. repairingC. to repair D. in repair還原為： The old man spent the whole morning _ the old clock at home四、感嘆句還原為陳述句_ what little Tom said to his mother sounded!A. what reasonableB. How a reasonableC.

11、 How reasonableD. What a reasonable What little Tom said to his mother sounded ! 很容易發(fā)現(xiàn)sound之后應接形容詞作表語。 五、固定短語還原That was _ we had in London 3 years ago!A. wonderful timeB. a wonderful timeC. wonderfulD. wonderfully可還原為：We had a wonderful time in London 3 years ago可看出該復合句中有一固定搭配 had a wonderful time(玩

12、得愉快)，定語從句中省略了關系代詞that。 (that)六、補充省略成分 1. - What made you so happy?- _.A. Because of my passing the exam.B. I passed the exam.C. Because I passed the exam. D. My passing the exam. (made me so happy)2. If the weather is fine, well go. If _, _. A. not, not B. no, noC. not, no D. no, notIf the weather i

13、s NOT fine, we will NOT go. If you study hard, youll succeed. If not, not.七、去掉插入語、分詞結構、從句等1. He believes in himself，_, in my opinion, is of the most importanceA. thatB. whichC. what D. As2. The writer，whom I often refer to at the meetings, _ famous for those worksA. isB. are C. am D. were解題決竅將不熟悉的疑問

14、句，倒裝句，被動句，強調(diào)句等還原為熟悉的陳述句；也可將殘缺的部分補出或將插入語等多余的部分刪除。 Strategy Three克服思維定勢克服思維定勢利用思維定勢的影響設計的題目是最容易讓我們上當?shù)念}目。因為我們背記了許多語法規(guī)則，詞匯，詞的固定搭配和句子結構等，做題時只注意這些熟悉的語法規(guī)則，結構和局部固定搭配，往往在沒有完全弄清整個題干意思是就作出了選擇，結果當然出錯。 解析容易誤認為是考查spend some time (in) doing sth結構而選A，忽視了waiting for這一部分。正確答案應是D。 locked in your room在句子里作方式狀語, “(我)被鎖在

15、你的房間里等侯”。1. I will spend a whole evening _ in your room waiting for the thief to arrive. A. lockingB. in lockingC. being lockedD. locked 2. The country life he was used to _ greatly since 1992. (2005山東卷)A. change B. has changedC. changingD. have changed解析易受sb be used to doing的影響而誤選C。根據(jù)句意和結構可知, he wa

16、s used to為定語從句，修飾先行詞the country life。此空格應填謂語動詞。解題決竅正確分析句子結構，正確理解意群，避免定勢思維。在學習過程中，尤其是復習階段，我們應就一些常見的、重要的詞、詞組及句型加以反復訓練，以加深印象，以避免思維定勢的干擾。Strategy Four熟悉英語文化,克服母語干擾克服母語干擾英漢在表達習慣，思維方式等方面具有很多不同，出題者常利用漢英差異出題。注意：英漢在表達習慣，思維方式等方面具有很多不同，出題者常利用漢英差異出題。1. - Its getting late. Im afraid I must be going now. - OK. _A

17、. Take it easy.B. Go slowly.C. Stay longer. D. See you.2. -I am afraid I cant return the book to you before Friday.- _.A. Dont afraidB. Be carefulC. Not at allD. Take your time3. “如果你方便的話”說成英語是if you are convenient嗎?Ill come to see you if _.A. youre convenient B. it is convenient for youC. you feel

18、convenient D. it is convenient with you4. “交通擁擠”的英語是crowded traffic嗎?He wants to move house, because he hates the _ here.A. crowded trafficB. crowded traffics C. busy trafficD. busy traffics解題訣竅留心英漢表達差異，平時要多讀多比較多歸納，用英語思維，避免Chinglish。Strategy Five注重標點符號和連詞提示標點符號，連詞標點符號或連詞往往決定句子后半部分的句子成份。1. Tom has many friends, _ can help him. A. few of whichB. few of whomC. few of thatD. few of themTom has many friends; _ can help him. A. few of whichB. few of whomC. few of thatD. few of them 2. I met several p