2023-2023-英語專四語法-從句

1、三 類 從 句名詞性從句：Nominative/noun clauses1. 主語從句 subject clause除根底知識外，另外要掌握的：a. 識別it作形式主語，主語從句后置It is a privilege that you have invited me to the party.b. whether, if引導(dǎo)主語從句的區(qū)別c. whatever, whoever, whenever , wherever引導(dǎo)主語從句時，不可以用no matter what/who/when/where替換。在引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時，可互換。2. 賓語從句 object clausea. 識別it作形

2、式賓語, 賓語從句后置I consider it an honor that you have invited me to your wedding.b. whether, if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句可互換(沒有和or not連用時)，但介詞后的賓語從句只能用whether, 不能用if.It is a question of whether we should compromise our integrity.c. 不可省略連詞that的5種情況可瀏覽一下，有個印象：兩個以上賓語從句，有插入語，直賓, that從句后置，賓語從句是復(fù)合句，且復(fù)合句中從句位于主句之前。3. 表語從句 predicati

3、ve clausea. 位于系動詞之后；b. 可用whether, as if, as though引導(dǎo)。It looks as if it is going to rain.c. 當(dāng)主句的主語是reason時，引導(dǎo)詞用that, 不能用because.The reason why they were upset was that they lost the game.4. 同位語從句 appositive clause;1. 通常在抽象名詞之后，連詞that 通常不可省略；if不能引導(dǎo)同位語從句；We are not looking into the question whether he

4、is worth trusting. (if不對)2. 和定語從句的區(qū)別: 作句子成分?3. doubt在否認(rèn)句中帶同位語從句時的引導(dǎo)詞是that, 在肯定句中一般用whether.I dont doubt _ he can finish the task on time.I doubt _ they can swim across the river.定語從句attributive clause: 先行詞：antecedent 關(guān)系代詞：relative pronoun限定性 restrictive ，非限定性non restrictive 關(guān)系代詞that, who, which用法區(qū)分;

5、只能用 that的情況：先行詞前有特定的修飾詞，不定代詞；先行詞是人+物的時候；關(guān)系代詞 which前可加介詞，that前不能加介詞；as, which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別定語從句中的謂語動詞和先行詞保持一致：He is one of the players who are awarded a prize.He is the only one of the players who is awarded a prize.狀語從句adverbial clause：時間 of time，地點 of place，原因 of cause，比較 of comparison，結(jié)果 of result，

6、條件 of condition，讓步 of concession，目的 of purpose， 1. for fear that, lest引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句要用should do/be:She put an extra blanket over the baby lest/for fear that he should catch a cold.2. as, though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句；as要倒裝，though可倒裝，也可不倒裝。3. though, although讓步狀語從句中，主句可用yet, still, 但不能用but.Though he is rich, yet/still

7、he is unhappy.3. while可引導(dǎo)讓步，通常放句首。4. notbecause否認(rèn)because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句The mountain is not famous because it is high.5. A is B as/what C is D.比較狀語從句各類表示比較的結(jié)構(gòu): comparisonsas.as: as good as dead /sold (實際上等于，與一樣)more/lessthan: 與其不如This book seems to be more a dictionary than a grammar book.no less A than B:

8、 A和B一樣A whale is no less a mammal than a horse is.no morethan B, notany more than B：同B一樣不One minute too late is no more in time than half an hour is.more than: 多于，非常，不只是Her performance is more than good; it was perfect.not so much A as B: 與其說不如說The high-tech company CEO is not so much a computer exp

9、ert as a sharp businessman.not so much as：甚至不，連都不I have not so much as heard of him, much less know him.真 題 練 習(xí)狀語從句: Adverbial clause_ you _ further problems with your printer, contact your dealerfor advice.(2005)A. If, had B. Have, had C. Should, haveD. Incase, had答案：C。should位置提前到句首，表示與將來相反的可能性。A選項

10、是虛擬語氣；A, D選項時態(tài)錯誤。2. Nine is to three _ three is to one.(2023)A. when B. that C. which D. what答案：D。A is to B what C is to D是固定句式。Reading is to the mind what food is to the body.3. Men differ from animals _ they can think and speak.(2023)A. for which B. for that C. in that D. in which答案：C。in that意為“因為

11、，引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句。A和D用來引導(dǎo)定語從句。4. _ he wanted to go out with his friends at the weekend, he had to stay behind to finish his assignment.(2023)A. Much though B. Much as C. As much D. Though much答案：B。much as意為“盡管，相當(dāng)于though和although，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，應(yīng)選B。as much意為“同樣地。5. I enjoyed myself so much _ I visited my friends i

12、n Paris last year.(2023)A. when B. which C. that D. where答案：A。本句沒有出現(xiàn)先行詞，可知這句話不是定語從句，后半句last year，應(yīng)選when，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。6. _ the boss says, it is unreasonable to ask me to work overtime without pay.2023A. Whatever B. Whenever C. Whichever D. However答案：A。whatever=no matter what，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，表示“無論什么，充當(dāng)賓語；wheneve

13、r引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，表示“無論何時，與句意不符；whichever通常指一種選擇關(guān)系，表示“無論哪個，無論哪些；however引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時，后面常接形容詞或副詞。7. Fool _ Jerry is, he could not have done such a thing.2023A. who B. as C. like D. that答案：B。as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時，從句局部必須倒裝，被倒裝的局部可以是表語、狀語或動詞原形。Which of the following contains an adverbial clause of cause?(2023)A.I got a job a

14、s soon as I left university.B.As there was no answer, I wrote again.C.You must do the exercises as I show you.D.Wealthy as he is，Mark is not a happy man.答案：B?？疾閍s的諸多用法，選項A，assoonas引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句；B項as引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句；C項as表示方式；D項as表讓步。定語從句 Attributive clause1. The party, _I was the guest of honor, was extremely enj

15、oyable. (2006)A. by which B. for which C. to which D. at which答案：D。此句為非限制性定語從句，先行詞the party常與at連用，在從句中作狀語。介詞放在關(guān)系代詞前。2. I was very interested in _ she told me.2023A. all that B. all which C. all what D. that答案：A。先行詞為不定代詞all，定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞只能用that。All that = what.3. My uncle is quite worn out from years of h

16、ard work. He is no longer the man _ he was fifteen years ago. (2023)A. Which B. Whom C. Who D. that答案：D。定語從句中缺少一個能作表語并且指人的成分，領(lǐng)先行詞在主句中作表語，或者關(guān)系代詞本身作從句的表語時，關(guān)系代詞用that。表語從句 Predicative clause1. Quality is _ counts most.(2023)A. which B. that C. what D. where答案：C。表語從句缺少主語，that引導(dǎo)表語從句時不作成分，where為地點狀語，故排除B、D

17、，what與which的區(qū)別是what不限定范圍，而which一般用在有限定范圍、有選擇的情況下。名詞性從句 Nominative clause1. After_ seemed an endless wait, it was his turn to enter the personnel managers office. (2023)A. that B. it C. what D. there答案：C。此句中after為介詞，后面是一個缺少引導(dǎo)語詞的賓語從句，排除B、D，又因該句缺少主語，所以選C。主語從句 Subject clauseWhich of the following italic

18、ized parts is a subject clause(主語從句？2023We are quite certain that we will get there in time.He has to face the fact that there will be no pay rise this year.She said that she had seen the man earlier that morning.It is sheer luck that the miners are still alive after ten days.答案：D。A項中that引導(dǎo)的從句作謂語局部b

19、e certain的賓語；B項中that引導(dǎo)同位語從句；C項that引導(dǎo)賓語從句；D項it是形式主語，that引導(dǎo)真正的主語。Further Simulation Exercises on clauses: 從句模擬題Evidence came up _ specific sounds are recognized by babies as young as six months old.a. what b. that c. which d. whose_, he does not love her.As he likes her very much b. Though much he lik

20、es herMuch although he likes her Much though he likes herBritains press is unusual _ it is divided into two very different types of newspaper: the quality press and the popular press.a. in how b. in what c. in which d. in thatPhysics is the present-day equivalent of _ used to be called natural philo

21、sophy, from which most of present day science arose.a. that b. all c. which d. whatIt _ five years since the famous singer left her hometown.a. was b. is c. has passedd. had beenWhile driving along the treacherous road, _.my right rear tire blew out.my right rear tire had a blowout.I had a blowout o

22、n my right tire.I had my right rear tire been blowout.How close parents are to their children _ a strong influence on the character of the children.a. has b. have.c. having.d. to haveCriticism and self-criticism is necessary _ it helps us to correct our mistakes.a. in that b. such that.c. so that.d.

23、 to that_ there is little we can do to modify the wheat here, we can at least know what kind of weather to expect.a. since b. when.c. while d. unlessTelevisions enable us to see things happen almost at the exact moment _.a. which they are happening b. they are happeningc. which they happen d. they h

24、ave happenedThis organization brought Western artists together in the hope of making more of an impact on the art community _ any of them could individually and to promote Western art by women.a. rather than b. rather c. thand. other thanNo one would have time to read or listen to an account of ever

25、ything _ going on in the world.a. it is b. as it c. that is d. what isLiving in the desert involves a lot of problems, _ water shortage is the worst.a. not to mention b. of which c. let alone d. for whatHydrogen is one of the most important elements in the universe _ it provides the building blocks

26、from which the other elements are produced.a. so that b. but that c. provided that d. in that _ is the center of our planetary system was considered as heresy by the church in the Middle Ages.a. It is the sun and not the earth b. That the sun and not the earth c. Being the sun and not the earth d. T

27、he sun and not the earthThe desegregation was achieved through a number of struggles, _ have been mentioned in previous chapters.a. a few of which b. a few of themc. a few of those d. a few of thatMost electronic devices of this kind, _ manufacturedfor such purposes, are tightly packed.a. that are b

28、. as are c. which is d. it isEinstein won the Nobel Prize in 1921 and enjoyed great fame in Germany until the rise of Nazism _ he was expelled from Germany because he was a jew.a. when b. who c. then d. whichAdvertising is distinguished from other forms of communication _ the advertiser pays for the

29、 message to be delivered.a. in that b. in which c. in order that d. in the way_ amazed me most was that the young boy who had lost both arms in an accident could handle a pen with his feet.a. That b. It c. Which d. WhatWe will be losing money this year unless that new economic plan of yours _ miracl

30、e.a. is working b. works c. will be working d. worked_ native to North America, corn has now spread all over the world.a. In spite of b. That it is C. It was D. AlthoughAll _ is a continuous supply of fuel oil.a. what is needed b. that is needed c. the thing needed d. for their needsPlease ask John

31、to call me as soon as he _.a. returned b. returns c. will return d. has returnedIf you want to lose weight, you should not take such food _.a. as is not really necessary b. as it is not really necessaryc. as it was not really necessary d. as was not really necessaryThe government official can hardly

32、 find sufficient grounds _ his arguments in favor of the revision of the tax law.a. on which to base b. which to be based onc. to base on which d. on which to be basedCan you make sure _ the gold ring?a. where Alice had put b. where did Alice putc. where Alice has put d. where has Alice putThe effec

33、t of the medicine, _ we had expected, was quite encouraging.a. which b. that c. as d. whatThe only candidate _ may defeat him has quit.a. who b. which c. that d. whenHurricanes are severe cyclones with winds over seventy five miles an hour _ originate over tropical ocean waters.a. which b. who c. wh

34、ere d. howHumble _ it may be, theres no place like home, wherever he may go.a. like b. as c. although d. which_, he is appointed as general manager of the company.a. Young as he is b. So young as a man ever isc. No matter he is young d. A man ever so youngThe question is _ can be put into practice.a

35、. how you have learned b. how what you have learnedc. that why you have learned d. how that you have learnedThe old tower must be saved, _ the cost.a. however b. whatever c. whichever d. whereverWhich sentence of the following is correct?The climate here is cooler throughout the year than the rest o

36、f the country.The climate here is cooler throughout the year than in the rest of the country.The climate here is cooler throughout the year than at the rest of the country.The climate here is cooler throughout the year than other places of the country.Id like to arrive 20 minutes early _ I can have time for a cup of tea.a. as soon as b. as a result c. in case d. so thatThere were dirty marks on her trousers _ she had wi