（本科）新編大學(xué)英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作revised chapter 2ppt課件（全）

1、新編大學(xué)英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作revised chapter 2 新編大學(xué)英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作College English Writing：A New Course BookTeaching ObjectivesIn this part you will learn how to develop a paragraph, including:to write topic sentenceto write supporting sentencesto write concluding sentenceTeaching Contents2.1 From Topic Sentence to Concluding Sente

2、nce2.2 Developing Strategies2.3 Paragraph Imitation2.4 Paragraph Improvements2.1 From Topic Sentence to Concluding Sentence2.1.1 Topic Sentence Definition : It introduces and summarizes the main idea of your paragraph and indicates to the reader what your paragraph will be about. Tips: A good topic

3、sentence is not too general or too specific. Here are some examples of sentences that cannot be used as topic sentences. Can you figure out why they are inappropriate?1） One teacher may never allow late homework in his class; others may deduct points for any late or missing homework.2） There are two

4、 reasons why some people like to live in rural areas and two reasons why others like to live in urban areas.3） She tries to improve her looks.2.1.2 Supporting Sentences Tips: Sentences are “supporting” because they “support,” or explain, the idea expressed in the topic sentence. No matter how you sl

5、ice it, there are only 24 hours in a day. To be successful at university, students need to learn good timemanagement skills. The first skill is not taking on more than you can handle. If you are a working part -time, have a family and are involved in a community organization, then taking a full cour

6、se-load at university will be too much. (Revision 2)No matter how you slice it, there are only 24 hours in a day. To be successful at university, students need to learn good time management skills. The first skill is not taking on more than you can handle. If you are a working part time, have a fami

7、ly and are involved in a community organization, then taking a full course load at university will be too much. Another time management skill is reasonably estimating the time required to perform each of the tasks at hand. Finally, actually doing what needs to be done seems obvious, but is a very di

8、fficult skill.2.1.2 Supporting Sentences(Revision 3)No matter how you slice it, there are only 24 hours in a day. To be successful at university, students need to learn good timemanagement skills. The first skill is not taking on more than you can handle. If you are a working part time, have a famil

9、y and are involved in a community organization, then taking a full courseload at university will be too much. Another time management skill is reasonably estimating the time required to perform each of the tasks at hand. For example, deeply reading a chapter from a course text cannot be completed in

10、 between television programs. Finally, actually doing what needs to be done seems obvious, but is a very difficult skill. You may find that cleaning out your wardrobe becomes vital when you are avoiding study. Procrastination is a time managers enemy.2.1.2 Supporting Sentences Definition:It summariz

11、es the information that has been presented, and in many instances, provides a bridge or pointer to the content of the next paragraph. 2.1.3 Concluding Sentence Examples: These three landmarks are truly amazing and make my hometown a famous place. （Tip: This concluding sentence restates the topic sen

12、tence and summarizes the paragraph.）As a result, people with a high level of this type of intelligence may be successful as architects, mechanics, engineers, and sailors or navigators. （Tip：This concluding sentence gives a result of the paragraph.） By learning time management skills your university

13、study will.（Tip：This concluding sentence draws a conclusion concerning the possible effects of these skills）The structure of a paragraph is just like that of a hamburger which has a top bun （a kind of bread）, some meat, cheese, lettuce, and other elements in the middle, and a bottom bun. The top bun

14、, in a way, is like a topic sentence, and the bottom bun is like the concluding sentence.2.2 Developing Strategies by definition, by time, by space, by process, by example, by comparison and contrast, by cause and effect ,by classification and division (You can refer to A Basic Course in Writing for

15、 more examples)2.3 Paragraph ImitationSteps of Paragraph Imitation: First, one should analyze the content and figure out the arrangement of ideas and its logic. Then find out any striking features of its style and identify the tone of the piece.2.3 Paragraph ImitationTwo Methods of Paragraphs Imitat

16、ion ：-one is to change the form but retain the content; -another one is to change the content but retain the form. 2.3 Paragraph Imitationsome examples： Original： And heaved and heaved, still unrestingly heaved the black sea, as if its vast tides were a conscience; and the great mundane （世俗的） soul w

17、ere in anguish and remorse for the long sin and suffering it had bred. -（Melville, Moby Dick.） 2.3 Paragraph Imitation-Imitation of form（changing content）And barked and barked, yet incessantly barked the penned dog, as if its tight cage were a vise; and his great canine soul was pinched an depressed

18、 for the dark pleasure of his cruel master.2.3 Paragraph Imitation-Imitation of content （changing form）And heaved and sighed, and sighing heaved, unrestingly, relentlessly, the black and somber sea, as if its vast and tugging tides were someones conscience, someones struggling, inner man; and the gr

19、eat mundane soul, the spirit of the world itself, were in sorrowed anguish and remorseful regret for its sins and transgressions it had propagated, the cruelties and sufferings it had bred.2.4 Paragraph Improvements Definition:A good paragraph must boast the following characteristics：unity, coherenc

20、e, development, good grammar and good transition, of which unity and coherence are the two most important ones. 2.4 Paragraph ImprovementsWhat is unity?Unity means there is only one central theme or one main idea, which can be an actual sentence（topic sentence） anywhere in the paragraph, or an impli

21、ed thought, and all sentences within the paragraph relate to the topic sentence.2.4 Paragraph ImprovementsExample: Chinese Food Chinese food is popular everywhere in the world. Most people would agree that Chinese cuisine is especially flavored, varied, and healthful. Not even the best French chefs

22、can equal the imaginative combination of ingredients and delicious blend of flavors of Chinese cooking. Japanese food is more beautiful to look at than Chinese food.2.4 Paragraph Improvements What is coherence?Another characteristic of a good paragraph is coherence, i.e. the paragraph should follow

23、proper order. Each sentence leads smoothly and logically to the next sentence.2.4 Paragraph ImprovementsExample ： Americans are crazy about their pet dogs. They do many things for them. They treat their pets like human beings. They like to talk to their dogs and treat them like children. My neighbor

24、 Mrs. Green talks to her dog Ruffy all the time. She takes him for a walk twice a day. She will not leave him when he is sick. Americans send their dogs to training school to learn to be good. Americans spend a lot of money on their pets. They feed them expensive dog food with flavors that people like such as beef, chicken, liver, and cheese. Their pets have brightly colored balls, rubber bones, and other toys to play with. In the winter, it is not unusual to see dogs with coats on to keep warm. Some dogs even wear collars with colorful, sparkling stones that look like diamonds o