高考復(fù)習(xí)英語構(gòu)詞法003的課件

1、13.09.2022該課件由【語文公社】友情提供英語構(gòu)詞法13.09.2022該課件由【語文公社】友情提供英語構(gòu)詞法主要有三種： 轉(zhuǎn)化、合成與派生。 英語構(gòu)詞法種類另外還有截短、縮合等。13.09.2022該課件由【語文公社】友情提供1. 轉(zhuǎn)化 : 是指有一種詞類轉(zhuǎn)化為另一種詞類。 water n. 水 - water vt. 澆水常見的轉(zhuǎn)化形式兩種：動詞 - 名詞名詞 - 動詞13.09.2022該課件由【語文公社】友情提供 動詞-名詞 stop vt. 停止 - n.車站love vt. 愛 - n. 愛Watch vt. 觀看 - n. 手表record vt. 錄音 - n. 紀(jì)錄co

2、mb vt. 梳理(頭發(fā)) - n. 梳子abuse vt. 辱罵 - n. 辱罵13.09.2022該課件由【語文公社】友情提供 名詞 - 動詞 hand n. 手 - vt. 上交seat n. 座位 - vt. 坐nurse n. 護(hù)士 - vt. 護(hù)理oil n. 油 - vt. 上油time n. 時間 - vt. 定時，測時shoulder n. 肩膀 - vt. 肩負(fù)13.09.2022該課件由【語文公社】友情提供mine n. 礦山 - vt. 開礦barbecue n. 燒烤-vt. 在烤架上烤ship n. 船 - vt. 用船裝運(yùn) finance n. 金融- vt. 為

3、提供資金stain n. 污點(diǎn),污跡 - vt. 玷污，污染draft n. 草稿 - vt. 起草head n. 頭 - v. 前進(jìn)transport n. 運(yùn)輸 - vt. 運(yùn)輸13.09.2022該課件由【語文公社】友情提供副詞 - 動詞 down adv. 向下 - v. 放下副詞 - 名詞nowhere adv. 任何地方都不 - n. 無處，無名的地方13.09.2022該課件由【語文公社】友情提供形容詞 - 名詞 freezing adj. 冰凍的 - n. 冰點(diǎn) solid adj. 固體的,堅實(shí)的- n. 固體數(shù)詞 - 動詞 second num. 第二 - v. 贊成 -

4、n. 秒13.09.2022該課件由【語文公社】友情提供2. 合成 : 有兩個或更多的詞合成一個詞。 class 班級 + room 房間 = classroom 教室warm + heart + ed = warmhearted 熱心腸的good + looking = good-looking 相貌好看的13.09.2022該課件由【語文公社】友情提供hard + working = hard-working 勤勞的peace-lovingstate-ownedwell-knownready-madesightseeingbloodthirsty 13.09.2022該課件由【語文公社】友

5、情提供3. 派生 : 是通過在詞根上加前綴或者后綴構(gòu)成一個新詞。happy - unhappydevelop - development13.09.2022該課件由【語文公社】友情提供前綴一般只引起意思上的變化而不造成詞類的變化，只有少數(shù)能引起詞類的變化。mis- 錯誤的 + understand v. 理解 - misunderstand v. 誤解en + large adj. 大的 - enlarge v. 擴(kuò)大13.09.2022該課件由【語文公社】友情提供后綴一般只引起詞性上的變化而不造成意思的變化。care v. 照料 - careful adj. 細(xì)心的work v. 工作 -

6、worker n. 工人13.09.2022該課件由【語文公社】友情提供常見的前綴13.09.2022該課件由【語文公社】友情提供(A)表示否定的前綴： un-unfair,unhappy non-nonsmoker (常用在n. adj. adv. 前) in-inactive, inhuman, indirect (常用在adj.后) dis-disagree,disappear im-impolite,impossible (用在b,p,m 開頭的詞前) il-illegal ir-irreal, irregular13.09.2022該課件由【語文公社】友情提供(B).表示錯誤或失當(dāng)?shù)?/p>

7、前綴: mis-misjudge, misdirect(誤導(dǎo))(C).表示向背的前綴: pro-(親，支持) pro-Chinese, pro-American anti-（阻止，抗） antiwar, anti-Japanese war13.09.2022該課件由【語文公社】友情提供(D).表示程度、大小的前綴super- superstar,supermarket, superman, superpowerover- overhead, overeat, overusemini- minibus, miniskirt, mini-carunder- underground, under-d

8、evelopsemi-(半，部分) semicircle, semiskilled, semi-steel13.09.2022該課件由【語文公社】友情提供(E).表示時間的前綴 pre- prewar post- postwar fore-(前，預(yù)先) foretell, forecast, foresee, weather forecast13.09.2022該課件由【語文公社】友情提供(F).表示方位的前綴： sub- subway, submarine inter- international, intercity, interclass trans-(橫過，通過，超越，進(jìn)入) tran

9、slate, transatlantic 13.09.2022該課件由【語文公社】友情提供常見的后綴13.09.2022該課件由【語文公社】友情提供1.動詞變名詞：-ation satisfaction, education, realization-ment development, movement, disappointment13.09.2022該課件由【語文公社】友情提供-al arrival, refusal-ee trainee, employee-er teacher, worker-or visitor, sailor13.09.2022該課件由【語文公社】友情提供2.形容詞

10、變名詞-ness happiness, meanness, carelessness-ity ability, possibility -ism Marxism, criticism13.09.2022該課件由【語文公社】友情提供3.名詞變形容詞：-y windy, rainy, sandy-ish foolish, feverish-some handsome, troublesome-ous dangerous, humorous-ful helpful, careful, peaceful13.09.2022該課件由【語文公社】友情提供3. 名詞、形容詞變動詞：-ify beautify

11、, simplify-ize realize-en quicken, widen, sharpen13.09.2022該課件由【語文公社】友情提供但也有一些帶后綴的派生詞僅僅改變詞義： Kingdom: “職位、狀態(tài)” freedomBoyhood: “身份，資格” childhoodFriendship:情態(tài)狀態(tài)性質(zhì)身份職業(yè)技巧技 能” leadership, hardshipSpoonful：構(gòu)成名詞mouthful(滿口,一口), handful(一把)13.09.2022該課件由【語文公社】友情提供4. 截短 : 是指用截頭取尾的方法構(gòu)成新詞。 telephone - phone in

12、fluenza - flu. 流行性感冒13.09.2022該課件由【語文公社】友情提供5. 縮合 : 是指把兩個或兩個以上的詞各取一部分合在一起構(gòu)成一個新單詞。smoke and fog - smog 煙霧Test of English as a foreign language TOEFL 托福International English language test system - IELTS 雅思13.09.2022該課件由【語文公社】友情提供1. The headmaster hurried to the concert hall only _ the speaker _ .A. to

13、 find； left B. to find； goneC. finding； left D. finding； gone13.09.2022該課件由【語文公社】友情提供 1.The peasant died, leaving his wife and his three children in the world 2. He woke up the next morning, only to find himself in the hospital.13.09.2022該課件由【語文公社】友情提供find +賓語+賓補(bǔ)find the door open (adj.)find him sit

14、ting by the window(-ing)find the wall painted (P.P)find himself in the hospital(prep.phrase)13.09.2022該課件由【語文公社】友情提供2.I failed again. I wish I _ harder. But you _.A. had worked； hadnt B. worked； dontC. had worked； didnt D. worked； didnt13.09.2022該課件由【語文公社】友情提供wishI wish you success.I wish you to hel

15、p me.Give my best wishes toI wish I were a bird.I wish I could help you.I wish I had attended the ball yesterday.13.09.2022該課件由【語文公社】友情提供3.Why not go out for a walk before breakfast?Oh，yes. _ is my favorite time of day.A. In the early morningB. Early morningC. The early of morningD. The early mornin

16、g that 13.09.2022該課件由【語文公社】友情提供It was early morning when I got home.It was in the early morning that I got home.Was it in the early morning that you got home?When was it that you got home?13.09.2022該課件由【語文公社】友情提供4. It was not until liberation that _ to his hometown.A. did he return B. was he returne

17、dC. he did return D. he returned13.09.2022該課件由【語文公社】友情提供當(dāng)被強(qiáng)調(diào)的是not.until句型時,應(yīng)將not置于until之前,主句由否定句改為肯定句。當(dāng)被強(qiáng)調(diào)的是not.until句型時,應(yīng)將not置于until之前,主句由否定句改為肯定句It is I who/ that am going to be sent there to help them 當(dāng)被強(qiáng)調(diào)的是not.until句型時,應(yīng)將not置于until之前,主句由否定句改為肯定句。 It was not until 1920 that regular radio broadcas

18、t began. 13.09.2022該課件由【語文公社】友情提供 It was her that told me about it. It was she that told me about it. It is I who the teacher has punished It is me whom the teacher has punished.13.09.2022該課件由【語文公社】友情提供強(qiáng)調(diào)句It is/was+thatIt is he that/who wants to go instead of you.It was 2:00 when they left.It was at

19、 2:00 that they left. It was because he was late that he was scolded.It was in the street that he was knocked down.13.09.2022該課件由【語文公社】友情提供5.Id like a pen which _ well. Will this one _?A. writes； do B. writes； workC. is written； do D. is written； work13.09.2022該課件由【語文公社】友情提供6.Can you finish the writ

20、ing on time? _.A. Never mind B. With pleasureC. No problem D. All right13.09.2022該課件由【語文公社】友情提供7.When _ we meet again? _ it any time you like.A. will； Do B. will； MakeC. shall； Do D. shall； Make13.09.2022該課件由【語文公社】友情提供8. Look! There are lots of _ birds flying over the trees.A. funny red little B. fu

21、nny little redC. little funny red D. little red funny13.09.2022該課件由【語文公社】友情提供好美小高狀其新，顏色國料特別親。good/beautiful/small(little)/tall/round(interesting)/newred/nationality/wood/13.09.2022該課件由【語文公社】友情提供9. They couldnt eat in a restaurant because _ of them had _ money on them.A. all； no B. any； noC. none； an

22、y D. no one； any13.09.2022該課件由【語文公社】友情提供10.Shall we meet right now? Sorry. Im too busy to _ for the moment.A. get through B. get awayC. get off D. get together13.09.2022該課件由【語文公社】友情提供get away（1) 逃脫 (2) 開始，出發(fā)；離開；出去旅行或休假 (3) 使離去；移走；送走 Get off(1) 下去，下來；下（公共汽車、火車、飛機(jī)等），下（馬等）(2) 出發(fā)，離去；起飛；起跑(3) 寄出；發(fā)出(4) 脫掉

23、；除去，擺脫(5) 免受傷害、災(zāi)禍或損失(6) 學(xué)會，記熟 Get together(1) 收集，積聚 (2) 聚集在一處，會集；召集，集攏Get through(1) 通過；使通過 (2) 打通（尤指電話）13.09.2022該課件由【語文公社】友情提供11. _ is known to all，good friends _ happiness and value to life.A. It； add B. As； addC. It； add up D. As； add to13.09.2022該課件由【語文公社】友情提供 add up 總計，總共 add to 增加 add to 加到That will only add to our difficulties. 那只會增加我們的困難。Add up 6,7 and 8 and youll get 21. 把六、七、八相加，總數(shù)是二十一。13.09.2022該課件由【語文公社】友情