新目標(biāo)英語(yǔ)句子成分、結(jié)構(gòu)和種類(lèi)課件

1、新目標(biāo)英語(yǔ)句子成分、結(jié)構(gòu)和種類(lèi)新目標(biāo)英語(yǔ)句子成分、結(jié)構(gòu)和種類(lèi)句子句子成分句子結(jié)構(gòu)句子種類(lèi)句子句子句子句子句子成分 主語(yǔ):行為主體，句子描述的主體 謂語(yǔ): 主語(yǔ)發(fā)出的動(dòng)作 賓語(yǔ): 動(dòng)作的承受者 定語(yǔ):用來(lái)修飾名詞、代詞 狀語(yǔ):時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因等 表語(yǔ):表示主語(yǔ)“是什么”“怎么樣”句子成分 主語(yǔ):行為主體，句子描述的主體 謂語(yǔ): 句子成分 主語(yǔ)：You beat him. 謂語(yǔ): You beat him. 賓語(yǔ): You beat him. 定語(yǔ):You beat the bad boy. 狀語(yǔ):You beat him at home. 表語(yǔ):He is bad./He is a boy.句子

2、成分 主語(yǔ)：You beat him. Different parts of a sentence 句子成分構(gòu)成句子，在其中起著不同作用的部分叫作句子成分。常見(jiàn)的句子成分有以下幾種：1. subject 主語(yǔ) 主語(yǔ)通常由名詞，名詞短語(yǔ)或代詞擔(dān)任。主語(yǔ)表示句子描述的是“誰(shuí)” 或“什么”。例如：Different parts of a sentence1) You worry too much at times.2) A year is divided into 12 different star signs.3) The book on the desk is mine.2. Predicate

3、 謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作或所處的狀態(tài)。由動(dòng)詞擔(dān)任。例如：1) They work hard.2) He is writing.1) You worry too much at times3. Predicative 表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)，特征，狀態(tài)名稱(chēng)或身份等，通常由形容詞，名詞，代詞 等擔(dān)任。與連系動(dòng)詞一起使用。例如：1) You are a student.2) That river is very deep. 3) His face turned red.4) The weather gets colder and colder.3. Predicative 表語(yǔ)4. Object (

4、 direct or indirect ) 賓語(yǔ)（ 直接賓語(yǔ)或間接賓語(yǔ) ）賓語(yǔ)表示及物動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或內(nèi)容，或用于介詞后構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)。通常由名詞，名詞短語(yǔ)，代詞等擔(dān)任。例如：You have many friends.We all like him.He works in the factory.4. Object ( direct or indirect* 有的動(dòng)詞后面可以帶兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，指人的是間接賓語(yǔ)，指物的是直接賓語(yǔ)。例如：1) You buy your your friends nice gifts.2) He gave me some books. 間接賓語(yǔ)IO直接賓語(yǔ)DO間接賓語(yǔ)直接

5、賓語(yǔ)* 有的動(dòng)詞后面可以帶兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，指人的是間接賓語(yǔ)，指物的是直5. Attribute 定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)修飾或限定名詞，通常由形容詞，名詞等擔(dān)任。例如：1) Millie is reading the school newsletter.2. This is a difficult problem.3. There are many apple trees.4. The man in the classroom is our new teacher.5. Attribute 定語(yǔ)6. Adverbial 狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)修飾動(dòng)詞，形容詞，副詞或整個(gè)句子，通常由副詞，介詞短語(yǔ)或名詞短語(yǔ)擔(dān)任。例如：1) Hor

6、ses run fast.2) You are selfish at times.3) They usually get up at six oclock in the morning.6. Adverbial 狀語(yǔ)Millie is reading the school newsletter. Millie主語(yǔ)is reading the school newsletter謂語(yǔ)the school newsletter直接賓語(yǔ)school定語(yǔ)Millie is reading the school nYou are selfish at times. You主語(yǔ)are selfish謂語(yǔ)se

7、lfish表語(yǔ)at times狀語(yǔ)You are selfish at times. You主Exercises指出下列句中劃線(xiàn)部分的詞性以及所擔(dān)任的成分1. a. He is a teacher of English. b. Her father is English.2. a. They promise to meet our needs. b. He needs to buy some books.定語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)Exercises定語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)Complement 補(bǔ)語(yǔ) C補(bǔ)語(yǔ)跟在一個(gè)動(dòng)詞后的一個(gè)或幾個(gè)單詞共同組成的謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu) (多為不定式或介詞短語(yǔ))如： Lucy asked him

8、 to turn down the radio. 句子成分Complement 補(bǔ)語(yǔ) C句子成分Appositive 同位語(yǔ) 同位語(yǔ)重復(fù)指代并進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明名詞及名詞性詞語(yǔ)。由名詞、名詞性詞語(yǔ)、從句等充當(dāng)，放在被修飾詞后。如： They all work hard. John, a friend of hers, has gone. 句子成分(Members of Sentence)Appositive 同位語(yǔ) 句子成分(Members of句子結(jié)構(gòu)主+系+表主+不及物動(dòng)詞主+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)主+及物動(dòng)詞+間賓+直賓主+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)There be 主+謂+賓句子結(jié)構(gòu)主+系+表主+不及物動(dòng)詞

9、主+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)主+句子基本結(jié)構(gòu)(5種)1) 主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)(S+V) Day dawns. 天亮了. We arrived. 我們到了。 句子 (Sentence)句子基本結(jié)構(gòu)(5種)句子 (Sentence)句子基本結(jié)構(gòu)(5種)2) 主語(yǔ)+連系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)(S+L+P) He is a professor. 他是一位教授. The woman is kind. His job is to clean the street. 句子 (Sentence)句子基本結(jié)構(gòu)(5種)句子 (Sentence)句子基本結(jié)構(gòu)(5種)3) 主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)(S+V+O) She understands Fr

10、ench. 她懂法語(yǔ). 句子 (Sentence)句子基本結(jié)構(gòu)(5種)句子 (Sentence)句子基本結(jié)構(gòu)(5種)4) 主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)(S+V+IO+DO) He told us the whole story. 他把全部經(jīng)過(guò)告訴了我們. He bought me a book. 句子 (Sentence)句子基本結(jié)構(gòu)(5種)句子 (Sentence)句子基本結(jié)構(gòu)(5種)5) 主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)(S+V+O+C) He found George intelligent. 他發(fā)現(xiàn)喬治很聰明. 句子 (Sentence)句子基本結(jié)構(gòu)(5種)句子 (Sentence)句子種

11、類(lèi)按句子的用途分 按句子的結(jié)構(gòu)分陳述句疑問(wèn)句祈使句簡(jiǎn)單句并列句復(fù)合句感嘆句句子種類(lèi)按句子的用途分 按句子的結(jié)構(gòu)分陳述句疑問(wèn)句1）簡(jiǎn)單句：只有一個(gè)主語(yǔ)（或并列主語(yǔ)）和一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)（或并列謂語(yǔ)）。e.g. He often reads English in the morning.Tom and Mike are American boys.She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.1）簡(jiǎn)單句：只有一個(gè)主語(yǔ)（或并列主語(yǔ)）和一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)（或并列謂語(yǔ)我們可以給句子的動(dòng)詞加上副詞修飾，給名詞加上形容詞、介詞短語(yǔ)修飾，給句

12、子加上狀語(yǔ)進(jìn)行修飾等，以使整個(gè)句子的意思變得更加的豐富和充實(shí)。但不管如何變，都只有一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。He worked hard all his life. (劃線(xiàn)部分在句中作狀語(yǔ)，修飾動(dòng)詞worked)He is a school student in No. 1 Middle School. (劃線(xiàn)部分在句中作定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞student)我們可以給句子的動(dòng)詞加上副詞修飾，給名詞加上形容詞、介詞短語(yǔ)2) 并列句：句型：簡(jiǎn)單句+并列連詞+簡(jiǎn)單句并列句是由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡(jiǎn)單句連接而成。并列句中的各簡(jiǎn)單句意義同等重要，相互之間沒(méi)有從屬關(guān)系，是平行并列的關(guān)系。它們之間用連詞連結(jié)。e.g. You h

13、elp him and he helps you.2) 并列句：并列句的分類(lèi)1、表示連接兩個(gè)同等概念，常用and, not onlybut also, neithernor, then等連接。e.g. The teachers name is Smith, and the students name is John.2、表示選擇，常用的連詞有or, eitheror, otherwise等。 e.g. Hurry up, or youll miss the train.并列句的分類(lèi)1、表示連接兩個(gè)同等概念，常用and, not3、表示轉(zhuǎn)折，常用的連詞有but, still, yet, whil

14、e, when等。e.g. He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.4、表示因果關(guān)系，常用的連詞有so, for等。e.g. August is the time of the year for harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.3、表示轉(zhuǎn)折，常用的連詞有but, still, yet,3）復(fù)合句：含有一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上從句的句子。從句包括名詞性從句（主語(yǔ)

15、從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句） 定語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句等。句型主句+連詞+從句；或連詞+從句+主句e.g. The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.3）復(fù)合句：含有一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上從句的句子。復(fù)合句就是含有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子。這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，必定有一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)是句子的主句部分，而另一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)則是句子的次要部分，即從句部分。1. The boy who saved his life is called Tom.2. He asked me when we would go

16、to Beijing. 3. When I got outside, the bus had already left.復(fù)合句就是含有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子。這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，必定Exercises 判斷句型1.Having finished his homework, the boy went on to help his mother.2. What he says doesnt suit what he does. (簡(jiǎn)單句劃線(xiàn)部分在句中作狀語(yǔ)，修飾整個(gè)句子) (復(fù)合句包含兩個(gè)名詞性從句：What he says 是一個(gè)主語(yǔ)從句；what he does 是一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句)Exercise

17、s 判斷句型1.Having finishe3. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.4. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.5. There is a chair in this room, isnt there?簡(jiǎn)單句復(fù)合句簡(jiǎn)單句3. We often study Chinese hist6. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.7. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.8. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening.并列句 復(fù)合句 簡(jiǎn)單句6. He is in Clas