7 句群與段落的英譯

1、第五章 句群與段落的翻譯Sentence Groups & Paragraphs1Sentence GroupSentence group is a term used in composition as well as text analysis. It refers to a grammatical unit between sentence and paragraph, smaller than a paragraph but larger than a sentence. In terms of structure, it may consist of only one sentenc

2、e or two or more than two sentences devoted to the same theme. A sentence group must be cohesive in structure and coherent in meaning.2 句群是一群句子的組合，是大于句子，小于段落的語法單位和表意單位。一個句群起碼包含兩個以上的句子。 句群中的句子之間緊密聯(lián)系，前后連貫，共同表達(dá)某個中心意思。通常一個句子是中心，表明所在句群的中心思想，其他句子是支撐，圍繞中心思想展開敘述、說明、描寫、論證或抒情。但有時句群的中心思想也可從組成句子中歸納出來。3 英譯時注意構(gòu)成句

3、群的各個句子間的銜接，從而實現(xiàn)譯文語義的連貫；1）增加連接詞；S1. 籠里養(yǎng)著兩只母雞，一只愛唱，另一只喜靜。解說主人根據(jù)母雞下蛋之后報唱的現(xiàn)象，以為所有的蛋都是那只唱雞產(chǎn)的。因果因此很偏愛它，捉的蟑螂也專喂給它吃。轉(zhuǎn)折但日子一久，秘密揭穿了，原來那只唱雞下蛋很少，而不叫的那只卻一天一個，且蛋剛落地就一聲不吭離開雞窩，由那只唱雞在蛋邊大喊大叫。4 There were two hens in a coop. one was fond of cackling while the other liked to keep quiet. As it is customary for a hen to

4、cackle after laying an egg, the chicken raiser accordingly credited the cackler with all the eggs that have been laid. As a result, he became so partial to his favorite bird that he fed her with every cockroach he caught. With the passing of time, however, it became known that the cackler had in fac

5、t laid very few eggs while the non-cackler kept laying one egg a day. Every time, as soon as the latter laid an egg, she quit the coop quietly, leaving the former standing by the newly-laid egg shouting and yelling her head off.5S2. 白楊不是平凡的樹。它在西北極普遍，不被人重視，就跟北方農(nóng)民相似：它有極強(qiáng)的生命力，磨折不了，壓迫不倒，也跟北方的農(nóng)民相似。 White

6、 poplars are no ordinary trees. But these common trees in Northwest China are as much ignored as our peasants in the North. However, like our peasants in the North, they are budting with vitality and capable of aurviving any hardship or oppression.62)句間合并：（語義上聯(lián)系緊密的句子，應(yīng)并為一句；并句可以避免語言的拖沓和重復(fù)，使譯文更加嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、簡潔、

7、緊湊，符合英文的表達(dá)習(xí)慣。 S1. 廣東對多數(shù)中國人來說曾經(jīng)是一個特殊并充滿神秘感的省份。因果這多半是由于它毗鄰香港的緣故。 解說自從中國共產(chǎn)黨在1949年建立政權(quán)以后，香港成為地理上距中國大陸最近而政治制度及意識形態(tài)與大陸大相徑庭的一個區(qū)域。因果廣東因此成為一個窗口，刺激并滿足著中國人和外國人相互間對“異端”的好奇心。7 S1. 廣東對多數(shù)中國人來說曾經(jīng)是一個特殊并充滿神秘感的省份。因果這多半是由于它毗鄰香港的緣故。 解說自從中國共產(chǎn)黨在1949年建立政權(quán)以后，香港成為地理上距中國大陸最近而政治制度及意識形態(tài)與大陸大相徑庭的一個區(qū)域。因果廣東因此成為一個窗口，刺激并滿足著中國人和外國人相互間

8、對“異端”的好奇心。 To many Chinese, Guangdong province was in the past a peculiar, mysterious place due to its close proximity to Hong Kong. In 1949, when the Chinese Communist Party assumed power in China, Hong Kong maintained a completely different political system and ideology, despite being geographical

9、ly a part of the mainland. Guangdong, therefore, became the window through which Chinese and foreigners kept an eye on one another.83)英譯時注意構(gòu)成句群的各個句子本身譯法處理：注意斷句；注意分句間的銜接，從而實現(xiàn)語義的連貫；注意復(fù)句的處理；注意語義性增詞；S1. 籠里養(yǎng)著兩只母雞，一只愛唱，？另一只喜靜。主人根據(jù)母雞下蛋之后報唱的現(xiàn)象，以為所有的蛋都是那只唱雞產(chǎn)的。因此很偏愛它，捉的蟑螂也專喂給它吃。但日子一久，秘密揭穿了：原來那只唱雞下蛋很少，而不叫的那只卻一

10、天一個，且蛋剛落地就一聲不吭離開雞窩，由那只唱雞在蛋邊大喊大叫。9 There were two hens in a coop. One was fond of cackling while the other liked to keep quiet. As it is customary for a hen to cackle after laying an egg, the chicken raiser accordingly credited the cackler with all the eggs that have been laid. As a result, he became

11、 so partial to his favorite bird that he fed her with every cockroach he caught. With the passing of time, however, it became known that the cackler had in fact laid very few eggs while the non-cackler kept laying one egg a day. Every time, as soon as the latter laid an egg, she quit the coop quietl

12、y, leaving the former standing by the newly-laid egg shouting and yelling her head off.10S2. 世界上一些國家發(fā)生問題，從根本上來說，都是因為經(jīng)濟(jì)上不去，沒有飯吃，沒有衣穿，沒有房住，工資增長被通貨膨脹抵消，生活水平下降，大批人下崗和失業(yè)，長期過緊日子。Basically the root cause for social unrest in some countries lies in their failure to boost their economy. Consequently they lac

13、k food, clothing and shelter and their wage increases are offset by inflation. With a decline in living standards, widespread layoffs and unemployment, people have to suffer chronic hardship.11ParagraphsA paragraph is a self-contained unit of a discourse in writing dealing with a particular point or

14、 idea. A paragraph consists of one or more sentence groups or is comprised by one or more sentence groups and sentences. 12段落翻譯中，除了考慮正確、地道的譯出各句外，還要考慮段落主題性。另外，注意漢英差別。漢語的一個段落可能包含幾個句群，也就是幾個主題，而英文的段落基本只有一個主題。第一步找出句群，及句群的中心，再確定段落的中心，以及結(jié)構(gòu)方式。13 她患了肺癌，瘋長的癌細(xì)胞已經(jīng)沿著她的血液和淋巴(lymph glands)轉(zhuǎn)移至全身。她的丈夫不久前死于肝癌，唯一的兒子又遭

15、車禍，變成植物人。為了治病，老人家負(fù)債累累，她索性賣掉了遮風(fēng)避雨多年的房子，死心塌地地住在醫(yī)院里。 “我不可憐，我要努力活，喚醒兒子的記憶?！?我大吃一驚，老人活在對愛子的殷殷希望里，希望的曙光照亮了一切，自身的悲痛就顯得微不足道了。所以，“可憐”是專門給沒有希望的人準(zhǔn)備的名詞。14 她患了肺癌，瘋長的癌細(xì)胞已經(jīng)沿著她的血液和淋巴(lymph glands)轉(zhuǎn)移至全身。她的丈夫不久前死于肝癌，唯一的兒子又遭車禍，變成植物人。為了治病，老人家負(fù)債累累，她索性賣掉了遮風(fēng)避雨多年的房子，死心塌地地住在醫(yī)院里。 “我不可憐，我要努力活，喚醒兒子的記憶。” 我大吃一驚，老人活在對愛子的殷殷希望里，希望的

16、曙光照亮了一切，自身的悲痛就顯得微不足道了。所以，“可憐”是專門給沒有希望的人準(zhǔn)備的名詞。15 She has been suffering from lung cancer. Cancer cells are reproducing themselves in great number and spreading to the whole of her body along her blood vessels and lymph glands. Her husband died a short time ago of liver cancer ad her son has become a

17、“vegetable” as a consequence of a car accident. To cover the medical expenses, she has incurred heavy debts. To pay off the debts she made up her mind and sold the house, her only shelter from wind and rain, leaving her sons bed-side in the hospital the only place to stay.16 “I am not at all pitiabl

18、e. I must live on, so that I can rouse him from his deep sleep, she declared. Her words took me by great surprise. It is her fond hope for her beloved son that keeps the granny going, lighting up her future and making her forget her own troubles. Therefore, only those who have given up hope should b

19、e pitied.17專八漢英段落翻譯精講膾炙人口的傳統(tǒng)京劇白蛇傳講的是傳自明朝的故事。白蛇精與青蛇精化作美女來到人間。白蛇精與一位書生相愛并生一子。禪師法海認(rèn)為他們的結(jié)合違反傳統(tǒng)婚姻，傷風(fēng)敗俗。他氣急敗壞，于是他派神兵神將前來捉拿白蛇精，并將她鎮(zhèn)壓在一座塔下面。后來，青蛇精在深山中修煉，習(xí)武多年，終于砸爛了那座塔，救出白蛇精。至此，白蛇精與丈夫、兒子又得團(tuán)聚。在白劇中，蛇被賦予了崇高的人性。18 膾炙人口的傳統(tǒng)京劇白蛇傳講的是傳自明朝的故事。膾炙人口: be on everybodys lips; enjoy great popularity；win universal praise; pl

20、easant to everyones taste; popular; be a household word; oft-quoted 傳統(tǒng)京?。?traditional Beijing operas白蛇傳：story; 此處的“傳”字也可不翻譯。傳記：biography; autobiography 參考譯文：The White Snake, a popular traditional Beijing opera, is based on (tells of) a story handed down from the Ming Dynasty.19 白蛇精與青蛇精化作美女來到人間。 精：精靈

21、spirit; soul；demon，devil;白骨精White Bone Demon; 狐貍精 fox spirit。如：傳說有只狐貍成了精。Legend has it that a fox turned itself into a bewitching woman. 化作：turn or change into; transform; convert ，這里指兩個蛇精利用魔法使自己變成 metamorphose美女：beautiful girls, beauty來到：come to; venture into（壯著膽子)人間: human world; mortal world參考譯文：

22、 White Snake Spirit and Green Snake Spirit metamorphosed themselves into two beautiful girls and ventured into the human world. 20 白蛇精與一位書生相愛并生一子。 與相愛: fall in love with書生: intellectual; scholar生：生育 give birth to參考譯文：White Snake fell in love with a young scholar, married him and gave birth to a son.

23、 21 禪師法海認(rèn)為他們的結(jié)合違反傳統(tǒng)婚姻，傷風(fēng)敗俗。禪師：Master, the title of a Buddhist monk；禪師法海: Fahai, a Buddhist monk; a monk by the Buddhist title of Fahai; a monk by the name of Fahai結(jié)合: combine;link;unite; union, marriage違反: violate; in violation of; break; be against傳統(tǒng)婚姻: conventional or traditional marriage傷風(fēng)敗俗: cor

24、rupt public morals; harm social morals; moral degeneration 參考譯文：Fahai, a Buddhist monk, regarded their union as a violation of conventional marriages and a degeneration of moral standards. 22 他氣急敗壞, 于是他派神兵神將前來捉拿白蛇精，并將她鎮(zhèn)壓在一座塔下面。 氣急敗壞: in rage; be enraged; wrathful; furious; exasperate; in uncontrolle

25、d anger神兵神將: divine troops from heaven前來: come around (此處無需翻譯)捉拿：arrest; catch; capture鎮(zhèn)壓：suppress；quell法：法力 Dharma power; supernatural power把關(guān)在塔底不許出來：confine her to the bottom of / incarcerate her beneath a pagoda參考譯文：Much enraged, he sent divine troops from heaven to capture White Snake, incarcerating her underneath a pagoda by using his magical powers.23 后來,青蛇精在深山中修煉,習(xí)武多年，終于砸爛了那座塔, 救出白蛇精。 修煉: (of Buddhists and Taoists) go into religious discipline; practice austerities（苦行）; practice spiritual power 習(xí)武：practice martial ar