2021屆高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)考點49書面表達圖表類考點歸納

1、2021屆高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)考點49書面表達圖表類考點歸納2021屆高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)考點49書面表達圖表類考點歸納2021屆高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)考點49書面表達圖表類考點歸納考點49 書面表達圖表類高考頻度：圖表作文要求將圖表形式的信息轉(zhuǎn)化成段落文字信息.信息以圖表的形式呈現(xiàn)出來,考生需要弄清所給的圖表、數(shù)據(jù)、標題及文字說明等各種信息之間的關(guān)系，通過分析、研究提煉和確定文章的中心思想，得出令人信服的結(jié)論。圖表作文中所說的圖主要有曲線圖、餅狀圖和柱狀圖等；而表則一般是統(tǒng)計表。 圖表類書面表達常以曲線圖形式、流程圖形式、柱形圖形式、餅式圖形式、數(shù)據(jù)表格形式及平面圖形式出現(xiàn)。這類題型具有文字少、信息簡潔、

2、要點分散等特征。圖表類書面表達在近年的高考中時有出現(xiàn)，主要是一些關(guān)于情況調(diào)查、生產(chǎn)、銷售、發(fā)展進程等各種項目統(tǒng)計的示意圖。這類統(tǒng)計圖在日常生活中應(yīng)用得非常廣泛，因此,讀懂它并能用英語清晰地表述出來具有很強的現(xiàn)實意義。圖表作文主要是介紹或說明某方面的情況,文體上屬于說明文.考生應(yīng)按照說明文的形式和特點來進行寫作。由于這類試題文字少、信息簡潔，如果只是把圖表中的內(nèi)容一點一點地記敘出來，進行清單式的羅列，就會索然乏味，并且達不到字數(shù)要求。因此，對于這類形式的書面表達，考生首先要根據(jù)圖表前的文字說明,弄清楚圖表的性質(zhì)、內(nèi)容、規(guī)律，并做到如下幾點：1。細讀圖表，抓住特征圖表中的數(shù)據(jù)信息往往較多，首先要讀

3、懂其中的符號和數(shù)字所代表的意思。然后，從圖表的整體著手，認真分析各項數(shù)據(jù)，抓住其主要特征,弄懂它們所揭示的規(guī)律。經(jīng)常使用的詞匯有：table,chart，figure,graph，describe，tell，show，represent等。2.認真審讀，確定主題認真審讀試題所提供的數(shù)據(jù)信息，結(jié)合文字提示，確定短文的主題.短文的主題往往隱含在圖表中,需要考生從圖表數(shù)據(jù)中概括出事情或事件的規(guī)律和特征，然后歸納出主題。有時，試題給出了短文的題目，也就等于為考生點明了主題。3。巧用數(shù)據(jù)，突出主題引用數(shù)據(jù)說明基本趨勢，比較數(shù)據(jù)揭示基本特征.由于圖表中的數(shù)據(jù)信息較多，寫作時要巧妙地引用一些數(shù)據(jù)來說明主題，

4、不要作任何發(fā)揮。表達時，既要包含所有要點，但又不能面面俱到.經(jīng)常使用的詞匯有：rise，drop,reduce，increase，decrease,fall，while，but，on the contrary，however，compare。.。to/with.。，in contrast to，as.。as，the same as，similar to,different from,difference between，among，more than，less than等。4。詞句多變,表達靈活由于圖表數(shù)據(jù)比較單調(diào)，很容易使人選用相同的詞語和句式進行表達，結(jié)果文章顯得很乏味。因此，寫作時要盡量

5、避免重復(fù)使用同一詞語或句型，選擇一些異曲同工的詞語和句式來表達.5.適當發(fā)揮，表明觀點圖表類書面表達有時要求考生在對數(shù)據(jù)進行分析、對比后，簡單地談?wù)勛约旱目捶ɑ蛱岢鼋ㄗh，這屬于讓考生自主發(fā)揮的部分，更是短文最精彩的部分?？忌谠摬糠株愂鲎约旱目捶?表明自己的觀點，提出解決問題的方法或建議.表述觀點時,可以引用人們普遍的觀點，也可說出自己獨到的見解.借題發(fā)揮時，不可偏離主題，只要把觀點表述清楚即可,不必作更多的解釋或說明。經(jīng)常使用的詞有：in a word，in short, generally speaking,Its clear from the chart that.。,we can d

6、raw the conclusion that。.。,we can learn/know。.。等。一、寫作技巧對于圖表作文，寫作內(nèi)容主要包括三個方面：描述圖表信息從中總結(jié)出變化規(guī)律提出建議或解決 之道(這一部分可以根據(jù)實際要求進行取舍)。 準備過程中，應(yīng)著重從以下幾個方面入手。1。 讀出圖表所傳達的信息，并對信息進行分類 將圖表所傳達的信息進行全面的轉(zhuǎn)換，并根據(jù)不同的項目對信息進行分類，這是進行數(shù)據(jù)整合的基礎(chǔ), 這一過程中要盡量確保信息全面。 2。 整合信息，總結(jié)規(guī)律/分析原因 信息經(jīng)過分類之后，以某一個標準為參照（比如時間、地域等），總結(jié)出同一對象在不同時間/地域/ 下的變化規(guī)律，或通過對同

7、類信息的對比分析出問題出現(xiàn)的原因。找出規(guī)律/原因是解決問題/提出建議的基礎(chǔ). 3. 數(shù)據(jù)處理對數(shù)據(jù)進行處理時，要根據(jù)題干的要求,著重處理差異比較大或變化比較明顯的信息。這樣呈現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)時才能有所側(cè)重，寫的時候才能有詳略之分。 4. 段落構(gòu)建 一般而言，圖表作文可分為三個段落來寫。第一個段落點明調(diào)查/統(tǒng)計對象并進行圖表信息的轉(zhuǎn)換，轉(zhuǎn) 換過程中需要注意的是信息的取舍和詳略程度.第二段主要是根據(jù)信息總結(jié)出規(guī)律或找出問題出現(xiàn)的原因。 第三段則主要是建議的提出或解決方法的提出。其中第一段和第二段是重點段落,第三段可根據(jù)題干要求 進行取舍。 二、常用詞匯1. 點明圖表所反映的主題時常用的詞匯: table 表

8、格，chart 圖表,diagram 圖解/示意圖，figure圖形/數(shù)字，describe 描述，tell 告訴,show 表明， represent 描繪/展示，indicate 顯示2。 分析數(shù)據(jù)差異及變化趨勢時常用的詞匯： (1）表示上升或增加的：rise， increase, go up(2）表示下降或減少的:decrease， fall, reduce， decline， drop， go down（3)表示變化特點的:sharply 急劇地，quickly 迅速地，rapidly 快速地，dramatically 戲劇性地，slowly 緩慢地，gradually 逐漸地. （4

9、）表示比較的:compared different from， difference between， while， contrary, however, more than， less than。三、常用句式 1. 點明主題時：I have recently made/conducted/carried out a survey about.。. among。.。 Last week， we made/conducted/carried out a survey onA survey has been made/conducted/carried out on2。 呈現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)/分析原因時：（1

10、）呈現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù): The above table/chart/graph shows thatAs can be seen from the pie chart.。 From the table/chart/graph we can see（2）分析原因：There are several reasons that account for this phenomenon.A number of factors account for （contribute to/lead to/result in) the change (phenomenon/increase） The main reason

11、for such a change is.。 3. 發(fā)表看法/提出建議時: Personally/In my opinion/As far as Im concerned/From my point of view.。 It is high time that we.。 四、寫作模板 Recently a survey has been done to find out_(所要表達的主題)。As is shown in the pie chart_（表中的內(nèi)容一），_（表中的內(nèi)容二)，_（表中的內(nèi)容三） and _（表中的內(nèi)容四)。In conclusion， the survey shows

12、 that_(總體規(guī)律、趨勢或呈現(xiàn)的問題）。Many factors contribute to the problem。 One is that _（原因一）。 Another is that_(原因二）.In my opinion_（自己的觀點）。 題組一（高考真題）Writing 1(2017江蘇卷)請認真閱讀下面有關(guān)我國電影票房收入（box-office income）的柱狀圖及相關(guān)文字，并按照要求用英語寫一篇150詞左右的文章.Saturday Afternoon. In a Shopping Centre。Li Jiang: Hi, Su Hua. Which movie shal

13、l we see？Su Hua: Whatever。 Weve got so many choices， Kung Fu Yoga， Journey to the WestEach sounds great!Li Jiang: Yeah! And some movie stars are fantastic.Su Hua： And the hightech！.Li Jiang: Perfect! Lets get some food first. We only have 20 minutes left。Su Hua： No hurry。 The cinema is on the same f

14、loor.One Day in 2016。 At Home.Son： Mum, shall we go and see a film tonight？Mother： Why bother? We can stay at home and watch films online. Its convenient with our new and faster networkSon： But it feels good in a cinema。Mother： And the price We have to pay 50 yuan a ticket。Son： Only 10 yuan more tha

15、n last year。Mother: But still we cannot get the moneys worth。 Some films are just boring【寫作內(nèi)容】1. 用約30個單詞概述柱狀圖信息的主要內(nèi)容;2. 我國電影票房收入變化的原因有哪些，簡要談?wù)勀愕目捶?上述對話僅供參考，原因不少于兩點）;3。 談?wù)勀銓ξ覈娪捌狈渴杖胱呦虻目捶ǎ⒑喴f明理由?！緦懽饕蟆?. 寫作過程中不能直接引用原文語句；2。 作文中不能出現(xiàn)真實姓名和學(xué)校名稱;3. 不必寫標題?！驹u分標準】內(nèi)容完整，語言規(guī)范，語篇連貫，詞數(shù)適當。Writing 2（2016上海卷)Direction

16、s： Write an English composition in 120150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese。 假設(shè)你是中華中學(xué)學(xué)生姚平,最近參加了一項研究性學(xué)習(xí)調(diào)研，課題為父母是否以子女為榮.通過調(diào)研你校學(xué)生及其父母，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)雙方對此問題的看法有差異（數(shù)據(jù)如圖所示）.根據(jù)圖表寫一份報告，在報告中，你必須:1.描述調(diào)研數(shù)據(jù);2。分析可能導(dǎo)致這一結(jié)果的原因。_Writing 3(2015江蘇卷）請閱讀下面文字及圖表，并按照要求用英語寫一篇150詞左右的文章.【寫作內(nèi)容】1.用約30個單詞概述上述信息的主要

17、內(nèi)容；2。結(jié)合上述信息，簡要分析導(dǎo)致交通問題的主要原因；3.根據(jù)你的分析，從社會規(guī)范(rules and regulations)和個人行為兩方面談?wù)勀愕玫降膯⑹荆ú簧儆趦牲c)?！緦懽饕蟆?.寫作過程中不能直接引用原文語句;2。作文中不能出現(xiàn)真實姓名和學(xué)校名稱；3.不必寫標題。【評分標準】內(nèi)容完整，語言規(guī)范，語篇連貫,詞數(shù)適當._題組二(2名校模擬題）Writing1（2020江蘇高三三模）請認真閱讀下面短文，并按照要求用英語寫一篇150詞左右的文章。你校新來的外教想了解中國中學(xué)生與朋友聯(lián)系時經(jīng)常使用的通訊手段.你經(jīng)過調(diào)查你班情況, 得到以下數(shù)據(jù).請根據(jù)下表, 寫一篇調(diào)查報告.注意： 1。

18、正確描述數(shù)據(jù)所展示的信息; 2。 對數(shù)據(jù)進行分析； 3. 詞數(shù)： 150 左右。_Writing 2（2020上海浦東新高三二模）Directions： Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese。經(jīng)過一段時間的網(wǎng)上學(xué)習(xí)之后，明啟中學(xué)在高三學(xué)生中進行了一個題為你最喜歡的在線上課模式”的調(diào)查，調(diào)查結(jié)果如圖所示。A直播課并且有師生互動 B錄播課并且之后有師生互動時間C直播課但無師生互動 D錄播課且之后也無師生互動時間你可能會用到的詞匯:直播課：l

19、ive streaming lesson 錄播課: prerecorded lesson請你根據(jù)該圖標寫篇作文，你的文中需包含以下信息：1。 簡要描述該圖標；2. 談?wù)勀愕目捶╛Writing 3（2020屆上海華師大二附中高三開學(xué)考試)Directions： Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.近期，你就影響選擇大學(xué)的考慮因素在高三學(xué)生中做了調(diào)研，結(jié)果如圖所示，請結(jié)合圖表信息，寫一份調(diào)研報告，內(nèi)容必須包括:1） 說明圖表反應(yīng)的基本內(nèi)

20、容，2） 列出你認為相對重要的兩項因素(影響你自己選擇大學(xué)的考慮因素)并說明原因。_Writing4（2020屆寧夏銀川一中高考模擬）近期，某校組織高三學(xué)生進行了一場討論。主題是：高三年級要不要集中進行晚自習(xí)。根據(jù)下圖提供的信息，寫一篇英語短文，客觀地介紹一下討論的情況，注意要涵蓋所有要點.注意：1. 詞數(shù)不少于100(開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，但不計入總詞數(shù)）；2. 可以適當增加細節(jié),以使行文連貫。晚自習(xí)evening selfstudyRecently there was a heated discussion among Senior 3 students in our school. _You

21、rs sincerely,Li Hua題組一 Writing 1【寫作指導(dǎo)】考查任務(wù)型讀寫。此類作文對考生的能力要求極高.首先考生要以30詞左右概述短文內(nèi)容。接下來要分析票房收入變化的原因并給出自己的看法，并談?wù)勛约簩ζ狈孔呦虻目捶?。作文以第三人稱和一般現(xiàn)在時為主。要點：1. 概述:中國電影票房在20122016年間呈現(xiàn)不斷增長的趨勢，但是2016年的增長相比于前幾年很緩慢. 分析原因：票房增長與人們生活水平的不斷提高息息相關(guān)，人們有了多余的錢，才可能消費、娛樂；另一方面，電影的制作技術(shù)日臻成熟，許多優(yōu)質(zhì)的電影不斷上映；再者，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的普及無疑起到了很大的宣傳作用。 看法和理由:票房增速將會小幅

22、上漲或有所回落。只要給出恰當?shù)睦碛?，對票房看漲或是看落皆可。寫30詞的概述時，語言要簡練、不拖沓。遣詞造句要符合英語的表達習(xí)慣，盡量用上定語從句、狀語從句和非謂語動詞與倒裝句等語法和句型.同時注意語句的連貫性?！緟⒖挤段摹縋ossible version one： The box-office income of Chinese movies witnessed a constant increase from about 17 billion yuan in 2012 to over 40 billion in 2015。 However, that increase slowed down

23、 in 2016。The reasons behind this are various. The fast economic development before 2016 was probably the most powerful engine driving the constant growth in the boxoffice income. The application of new technologies and the wide appeal of movie stars could also account for the increase。 However, Chin

24、a saw a decline in its economic growth rate last year. And the Internet increased options for movie lovers. Consequently, some viewers began to turn away from cinemas, leading to a slower growth.Chinas economy is expected to grow at a medium speed in the coming years， so an increase is possible in t

25、he investment in the movie industry and the number of quality movies。 Therefore， its boxoffice income will probably enjoy a slight increase。 （150 words)Possible version two： As is indicated in the graph, the box-office income of Chinese films increased constantly from 2012 to 2015， but its growth, f

26、or one reason or another, slowed down in 2016。The increase in the box-office income can be attributed to a number of factors. The quality of life has improved and watching films is regarded as a good means of entertainment. Besides， filming technology has advanced and more quality films are on offer

27、. Moreover, the Internet plays an important part. On the Internet， people can seek information about their favorite stars and buy tickets at a discount as well, which is both time-saving and economical。However， the film market may witness a slowdown in the near future. Cinemas have gradually given w

28、ay to the rise of the Internet and cellphones， and the ticket price is on the increase. Therefore， the film industry should make greater efforts to attract more viewers。 （150 words）Writing 2【寫作指導(dǎo)】本試題屬于圖表類調(diào)查報告。盡管題干給出了一些要點，同時對報告內(nèi)容作了詳細的要求，但是對考生的識圖能力、總結(jié)概括能力還是提出了很高的要求，尤其是分析原因這一方面使本試題可以規(guī)劃為半開放式的文章。通過審題我么可以

29、知道文章結(jié)構(gòu)很簡單.第一段重點對調(diào)研數(shù)據(jù)進行描述；第二段分析可能導(dǎo)致這一結(jié)果的原因?！緟⒖挤段摹縍ecently， I took part in an inquiry learning research， whose topic is whether parents are proud of their children. After doing the research into the students in my school andtheirparents, I found that thereisa big difference between the two sides。 80%o

30、ftheparentsthink that they areproudoftheirchildrenwhile 60ofthe students think thattheirparentsareproudofthem. As far as I am concerned， the reasons why theparentsandtheirchildrenhave different opinions on the same questionareas follows. Firstly, thereisonly one child in most families. Therefore， th

31、eparentspay more attention totheirchildren than themselves。 Secondly， thechildrenareaccustomed to the love given bytheirparents。 Thirdly, thechildrenare not confident of themselves thinking that they are not excellent to make their parents proud of them。Writing 3【寫作指導(dǎo)】寫作前,考生應(yīng)該先認真分析材料。寫作時，注意第一段用30個單詞

32、概括材料內(nèi)容,第二段寫導(dǎo)致交通問題的原因；第三段從社會規(guī)則和個人行為入手進行現(xiàn)象分析,從中得到啟示。詞數(shù)在150左右,以一般現(xiàn)在時作為中心時態(tài)，內(nèi)容健康向上,情節(jié)完整,書寫工整,卷面保持整潔。為使行文緊湊,過渡自然，可在文中穿插使用一些過渡性詞匯或短語。推薦用語：not only。.but also； threaten; quite a few; give rise to； in spite of； because of； the number of; whats worse; in fact； related to; keep。. in order【參考范文】The traffic issu

33、e is a hard nut to crack。 It not only affects our everyday life， but may also threaten peoples lives. The three selections presented above are typical examples。Quite a few things give rise to the traffic problem。 In spite of the large-scale construction of roads and highways, there is still much roo

34、m for improvement， because of the ever increasing number of cars these years. Whats worse， some drivers, cyclists and pedestrians do not think it vital to obey traffic rules.In fact， traffic rules are part of the rules and regulations closely related to public order。 Without them, people could not e

35、njoy harmony or the country would be in chaos. But rules alone dont secure an orderly society. It is the people who obey the rules that matter。 It is everybodys duty to observe them to keep our society in order and being on the right track.題組二 Writing1（2020江蘇高三三模）【答案】Recent research has been done on

36、 how middle school students prefer to communicate with each other. It shows that they prefer modern ways instead of traditional ways。 Of the 54 students interviewed, 10 of them said that they often called each other. 21 preferred using text messages while 20 were fans of QQ. Only three students said

37、 they liked to write letters。With the development of technology, new ways of communication have become popular。 They are more convenient and faster, but I think the traditional ways shouldnt be abandoned。 For example， handwriting is more personal compared with typing. It is also nice to hear the voi

38、ce of a friend when you are frustrated。 When we are enjoying the comfort and convenience， dont forget those things that can touch your heart.Writing 2（2020上海浦東新高三二模)【答案】 Chinese students have been taking online courses for more than two months。 Mingqi middle school has conducted a survey among its s

39、enior 3 students whose topic is “your favorite online class mode”。 The results are as follows. From this chart, we can see that 50 of the students surveyed like live streaming lesson with teacherstudent interaction while 30% students like prerecorded lesson with teacherstudent interaction after it.

40、Students who like online class without any teacher-student interaction only account for 5 respectively。 Above all， students generally like online courses with teacherstudent interaction. As a senior 3 student， I think interaction is necessary， for it can make the online teaching atmosphere more acti

41、ve and easily attract students attention. Students can have their problems explained by the teacher in time. However, too much screen time causes eyestrain， and even a decline in vision. Therefore， students should be able to have a break regularly to relieve eye fatigue。Writing 3【范文】A Survey on Choo

42、sing A CollegeNowadays, more and more senior high school students pay much attention to choosing the most ideal college of their own in order to get a better education. There are many factors that they should take into consideration. In this context, a survey have been conducted to figure out the ma

43、in factors affecting students decisions。From the histogram, four factors are listed. We can see that the interest of majors is a factor that most students consider first， 175 students has chosen it. Then the fame of a college comes to the second place, 150 student agree with it。 Thirdly， 90 students believes that reasonable charges are very im