2021屆高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)第二編專題二句法篇第1講定語從句學(xué)案含解析外研版

1、2021屆高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)第二編專題二句法篇第1講定語從句學(xué)案含解析外研版2021屆高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)第二編專題二句法篇第1講定語從句學(xué)案含解析外研版PAGE 2021屆高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)第二編專題二句法篇第1講定語從句學(xué)案含解析外研版句法篇第1講定語從句單句語法填空單句寫作1。(2019全國卷)They were well trained by their masters had great experience with caring for these animals。答案:who分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,所填詞引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾指人的先行詞their masters，且在從句中作主語,故填關(guān)系代詞

2、who.2。（2018全國卷)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 showed a mere five to ten minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.答案：that/which先行詞為study，定語從句中缺少主語，故用that或which.published in 2014為過去分詞短語作后置定語,也用來修飾study,對做題有一定的干擾。3

3、.（2018天津高考)Kate, sister I shared a room with when we were at college， has gone to work in Australia.答案：whose先行詞為Kate，將其代入定語從句可知,它與sister為所屬關(guān)系，故填whose。4.（2017全國卷）But Sarah， has taken part in shows along with top models， wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.答案:who本題為非限制性定語從句，先行詞為Sarah，

4、引導(dǎo)詞who在定語從句中作主語。5.(2016全國卷)But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on TV show in the mid。1980s， I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild。答案：when先行詞為the mid.1980s，定語從句中缺少時(shí)間狀語,故填when.1.(2019全國卷)在麥克萊斯菲爾德的寵物店里艾琳

5、阿爾伯利從上午九點(diǎn)工作到下午五點(diǎn)，這個(gè)寵物店是和她已故的丈夫萊斯一起創(chuàng)立的。Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield， she opened with her late husband Les.答案：which2。(2018北京高考）她和她的家人騎自行車去上班，這能幫助她們保持健康.She and her family bicycle to work， .答案：which helps them keep fit/healthy3.（2018全國卷)他們有一個(gè)用來養(yǎng)魚的小池塘.T

6、hey also had a small pond they raised fish.答案:in which4。（2017江蘇高考)聯(lián)合國在1963年設(shè)立了世界糧食組織,其目的之一是減輕世界上的饑餓狀況.In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.答案：one of whose5.（2015重慶高考)他撰寫了很多兒童讀物,其中差不多一半是在二十世紀(jì)九十年代出版的。He wrote many childrens books, nearly were publ

7、ished in the 1990s。答案:half of which考點(diǎn) 1定語從句概述及關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句eq avs4al（一） 定語從句概述1定義：在復(fù)合句中，修飾限定某一名詞(或代詞)的句子,叫定語從句.2先行詞：被定語從句修飾的詞稱為先行詞。先行詞一般是名詞或代詞.3關(guān)系詞：連接先行詞與從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系代詞:who, whom, which， that, whose, as等.關(guān)系副詞：when, where， why等。4分類：定語從句分為限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句兩類。區(qū)別：限制性定語從句對先行詞起修飾限定作用,而非限制性定語從句對先行詞起補(bǔ)充說明作用，先行詞與

8、定語從句往往由逗號隔開。試比較:eq blcrc (avs4alco1（He has two sons， who work in the same company.,他有兩個(gè)兒子,他們在同一公司上班。他只有兩個(gè)，兒子，He has two sons who work in the same company.，他有兩個(gè)兒子在同一公司上班。/他有兩個(gè)在同一,公司上班的兒子.可能不止有兩個(gè)兒子)5功能：相當(dāng)于形容詞，修飾名詞或代詞，在句中作定語。6位置：定語從句常置于被修飾的詞之后；as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句可置于主句前、句中,也可置于主句之后。Those who are for the plan

9、raise your hands, please。請支持這個(gè)計(jì)劃的人舉手。As is known to us all, the earth moves around the sun.我們都知道，地球圍繞太陽移動(dòng).eq avs4al(二) 關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞有：that, which, who, whom， whose， as等,關(guān)系代詞可作主語、賓語、定語等。1who， whom, that這些詞代替的先行詞是表示人的名詞或代詞,在從句中可作主語、賓語等Ive made good friends with several of the students in my s

10、chool who/whom/that I met in the English speech contest last year.我已與去年在英語演講比賽中遇到的我校的幾個(gè)學(xué)生結(jié)交為好朋友.2whose既可指人又可指物，在定語從句中作定語。指物時(shí)，“whose名詞”可用“the名詞of which”或“of whichthe名詞”來代替Do you know the boy whose handwriting is very beautiful？你認(rèn)識那個(gè)書法非常漂亮的男孩嗎？Id like a room whose window looks out over the sea。Id like

11、 a room， the window of which looks out over the sea。Id like a room， of which the window looks out over the sea。我想要一個(gè)窗戶面臨大海的房間。3which, that所代替的先行詞是表示事物的名詞或代詞，在從句中可作主語、賓語等He was reading a book which/that was about war.他正在讀一本關(guān)于戰(zhàn)爭的書.A：指物時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞that和which一般情況下可換用，但以下幾種情況下一般用that，而不用which。(1）先行詞是all, every

12、thing， something， anything， nothing， none， few， little， much等不定代詞，或先行詞被all， every， some, any, no, few, little等修飾時(shí)。I have read all the books (that) you gave me.你給我的所有書我都已經(jīng)讀過了。注意當(dāng)something確指某物或某事時(shí),用that或which都可以。There is something that/which keeps worrying me。有一件事一直令我不安。（2）先行詞被形容詞的最高級或序數(shù)詞（如:the first，

13、the second, 。.， the last等）修飾時(shí)。This is the best film （that) I have ever seen.這是我看過的最好的電影。(3)先行詞被the only, the very， the right等修飾時(shí)。The only thing that matters is to find our way home。唯一要緊的事情是找到我們回家的路.（4)先行詞既有人又有物時(shí).They talked about the persons and things (that） they remembered in the school。他們談?wù)撈鹚麄冇浀玫?/p>

14、學(xué)校里的人和事。B：在以下情況中，只能用which,不能用that.（1）在非限制性定語從句中,如果從句中缺少主語或賓語，并指物,只能用which。Our football team won the final， which made us excited.我們的足球隊(duì)贏得了決賽，這使我們非常興奮。(2）關(guān)系代詞充當(dāng)介詞的賓語，且介詞位于關(guān)系代詞之前時(shí)，只能用which.The house in which I used to live has become a shoe shop.過去我居住的房子已變成了一家鞋店。注意使用關(guān)系代詞時(shí)，注意兩點(diǎn):1先行詞指“人”還是“物”;2關(guān)系代詞在定語從句

15、中充當(dāng)主語或賓語，作賓語時(shí)可以省略.非限制性定語從句中的關(guān)系代詞不可以省略。4as引導(dǎo)的定語從句A:as作為關(guān)系代詞，在定語從句中缺少主語或賓語時(shí)使用，通常先行詞由the same， as, such， so等修飾時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用as。They could only read such stories as had been rewritten in simple English。(as作主語）他們只能讀類似這樣的一些用簡易英語改寫的故事。These houses are sold at such a low price as people expected.(as作賓語)這些房子以人們期望的低

16、價(jià)出售。This is the same knife as I lost。（as作賓語）這把小刀和我丟的那把很相似。注意such .。 as .。 與such .。 that 。. 的區(qū)別such 。.。 as .。 中的as引導(dǎo)的是定語從句，而such .。 that . 中的that引導(dǎo)的是結(jié)果狀語從句。當(dāng)as引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，as在從句中一般作主語或賓語，而that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句時(shí),that在從句中不作任何成分.This is such a difficult problem as most of us cant work out。這是一個(gè)我們大多數(shù)人都不能解決的難題.（從句中的work

17、 out缺少賓語，前面的as是關(guān)系代詞，用作work out的賓語。)This is such a difficult problem that most of us cant work it out.這個(gè)問題很難,我們大多數(shù)人不能解決它.(狀語從句是完整的句子，前面的that只起引導(dǎo)從句的作用，在從句中不作成分.）B：關(guān)系代詞as與which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別（1）位置不同as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句可以置于主句之前、之中或之后,而which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句只能位于主句之后。As is often the case, little boys tend to be very act

18、ive and out of control。小男孩總是很活潑好動(dòng)，很難控制，這是常見的情況。Einstein， as is well known， is a famous scientist.眾所周知,愛因斯坦是一位著名的科學(xué)家。There was a bank around here， as I remember.我記得過去這兒附近有一家銀行。He failed in the exam， which was unexpected。他考試沒及格，這是意料之外的.(2)意義不同as常譯作“正如，像，多用于下列習(xí)慣用語中:as anybody can see “正如人人都能看到的那樣；as is

19、 well knownas is known to all “眾所周知”；as we had expected “正如我們所預(yù)料的那樣”；as often happens “正如經(jīng)常發(fā)生的那樣”;as is often the case “正如經(jīng)常發(fā)生的那樣”；as has been said before “正如已經(jīng)說過的”；as is mentioned above “正如上面提到的”;as I remember “正如我所記得的那樣”。which常譯作“這一點(diǎn)，這件事”,此時(shí)指前面主句所提到的那件事。He opposed the idea， as could be expected。不出

20、所料,他反對這個(gè)意見。Tom has made great progress, which makes his parents very happy。湯姆進(jìn)步很大，這使他父母很高興。（3）用法不同a當(dāng)非限制性定語從句是否定句或表示否定意義時(shí)，只能用which。He came here very late, which was unexpected/not expected。他來得很晚，這是未預(yù)料到的.b當(dāng)as在句中作主語時(shí)，后常接動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài),如:be known, be said， be reported等。如果從句中動(dòng)詞是主動(dòng)語態(tài),一般用which作主語。She has been abs

21、ent again, as is expected。她又缺席了，正如預(yù)料的那樣?？键c(diǎn) 2 關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句當(dāng)定語從句中不缺少主語、賓語、定語或表語時(shí)，要選用關(guān)系副詞。其中when， where， why是常見的三個(gè)關(guān)系副詞。when表時(shí)間的介詞（如:in， on, at, during等）which；where表地點(diǎn)的介詞(如：in， at， on， under等)which；why表原因的介詞(如：for）which。1關(guān)系副詞when, where, why的先行詞是表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或理由的名詞,關(guān)系副詞在從句中作狀語Nowadays people are more concerned

22、 about the environment where they live.現(xiàn)在人們更加關(guān)心他們居住的環(huán)境。Ill never forget the day when my son was born。我永遠(yuǎn)忘不了我兒子出生的那一天。注意1當(dāng)先行詞為一些表示抽象地點(diǎn)的名詞，如:point, situation, case， stage， family等時(shí)，如果引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作狀語，常用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)定語從句；如果不作狀語，則用關(guān)系代詞that/which.Remember that there is still one point that/which we must make cle

23、ar at the conference tomorrow.記住在明天的會議上我們還有一點(diǎn)必須弄清楚。Shes in a hopeless situation， where we will keep a very close eye on her.她處于無望的處境中，在這種情況下我們將密切注意她。2先行詞occasion當(dāng)“時(shí)刻”講時(shí),用關(guān)系副詞when；當(dāng)“場合”講時(shí)，用關(guān)系副詞where。Please describe an occasion where you met real difficulties.請描述你所遇到的真正困境的場景.Occasions are rare when I

24、have the time to spend a day with my kids。我有時(shí)間和孩子們度過一天的時(shí)機(jī)很少。2way和time后接定語從句的情況（1)當(dāng)先行詞是way（意為“方式、方法”，且關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作狀語)時(shí)，引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞可以是that, in which或省略。I dont like the way (that/in which) he looks at me.我不喜歡他看我的方式.（2)先行詞是time時(shí)，若time作“次數(shù)講，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)定語從句，that可省略；若time作“一段時(shí)間,時(shí)代”講，應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞when或“介詞at/duringwh

25、ich”引導(dǎo)定語從句。This is the first time (that) I have talked with a foreigner face to face。這是我第一次和一個(gè)外國人面對面交流。There was a time when I hated going to school。曾經(jīng)有一段時(shí)間我討厭上學(xué)?？键c(diǎn) 3 “介詞which/whom”引導(dǎo)的定語從句掌握“介詞關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句，要注意以下幾點(diǎn)：1關(guān)系代詞的確定在介詞后作賓語的關(guān)系代詞只有which和whom。如果先行詞是物，引導(dǎo)詞用which;如果先行詞是人,則引導(dǎo)詞用whom。This is the train

26、 on which I went to Shanghai。這就是我去上海所乘坐的那列火車.This is the student for whom I bought the dictionary.這就是我為他買詞典的那個(gè)學(xué)生。2介詞的位置介詞一般放在關(guān)系代詞which和whom之前,但也可以放在原來的位置上.The house in which we live is very large。The house (which) we live in is very large。我們住的房子很大。This is the man from whom I learned the news。This is

27、 the man (whom) I learned the news from。就是這個(gè)男人，我從他那里獲悉的這個(gè)消息。注意如果介詞和句中動(dòng)詞組成固定詞組時(shí)，這個(gè)介詞一般不前置。My youngest brother， whom I have to look after, is demanding。我得照看我最小的弟弟，他真是讓人費(fèi)神。3關(guān)系代詞前介詞的確定（1)依據(jù)定語從句中動(dòng)詞或形容詞的習(xí)慣搭配來確定。The fellow to whom I spoke made no answer at first。我與之說話的那個(gè)人起初沒有回答。(speak to）The West Lake， for

28、 which Hangzhou is famous， is a beautiful place。西湖是一個(gè)美麗的地方，杭州因此而聞名。(be famous for)（2）根據(jù)先行詞來確定.Ill never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country.我永遠(yuǎn)不會忘記我在鄉(xiāng)村度過的童年時(shí)光。（during the time）Air， without which man cant live， is really important?？諝庹娴暮苤匾瑳]有它人類就不能生存。(without air)4“名詞/代詞介詞

29、關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)此類結(jié)構(gòu)常見的有“some/many/most/all/noneofwhich/whom”等。Here are the questions， some of which I think are difficult for you.問題都在這兒，其中一些我認(rèn)為對你來說很難。He has three sons， none of whom are doctors.他有三個(gè)兒子,沒有一個(gè)是當(dāng)醫(yī)生的。5“復(fù)合介詞短語關(guān)系代詞which”引導(dǎo)的定語從句，其從句部分常與先行詞用逗號隔開，且從句部分常用倒裝語序He lived in a big house, in front of which

30、stood a big tree.他住在一所大房子里，房子前面有一棵大樹。6“介詞which/whom不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)The poor man has no house in which to live。The poor man has no house to live in.The poor man has no house in which he can live。那個(gè)窮人沒房子住。注意有時(shí)為表達(dá)清楚，也可以在關(guān)系副詞where/when前加介詞from/to等，平時(shí)也應(yīng)掌握，但非高考重點(diǎn)。China is the birthplace of kites， from where kite fl

31、ying spreads to Japan， Thailand， India and so on。中國是風(fēng)箏的發(fā)源地，從這里，放風(fēng)箏傳到了日本、泰國、印度等國家。誤區(qū)eq avs4al(一)關(guān)系詞的漏用或關(guān)系詞的誤用（1)【誤】There are many people think that wealth is better than health.【正】There are many people who/that think that wealth is better than health?！菊縏here are many people thinking that wealth is b

32、etter than health。分析此句是there be句型，故判斷“think that 。.”用作定語;先行詞是people，從句中缺少主語,故用who/that引導(dǎo)定語從句,相當(dāng)于現(xiàn)在分詞thinking.(2）【誤】I still remember the days when I spent with farmers in the countryside?！菊縄 still remember the days (that/which） I spent with farmers in the countryside.分析先行詞是the days，從句中動(dòng)詞spent缺少賓語，故用

33、關(guān)系代詞that/which引導(dǎo)定語從句，關(guān)系詞也可省略。(3）【誤】All the books which were borrowed from the library must be returned on time。【正】All the books that were borrowed from the library must be returned on time.分析當(dāng)定語從句的先行詞被all， some， any, no, few等修飾時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用that。(4）【誤】Until now， we have raised 50,000 pounds for the poor ch

34、ildren, who is quite unexpected.【誤】Until now, we have raised 50,000 pounds for the poor children， as is quite unexpected?！菊縐ntil now， we have raised 50，000 pounds for the poor children, which is quite unexpected.分析考查非限制性定語從句，先行詞并非children,而應(yīng)為整個(gè)主句所述的內(nèi)容,另外,as在引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)，常用于肯定句，而which常用于否定句，故本題應(yīng)用whic

35、h來引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。誤區(qū)eq avs4al(二)關(guān)系代詞與替代詞的重復(fù)或與普通代詞的誤用（1)【誤】He was the lost boy that his parents were looking for him everywhere.【正】He was the lost boy that his parents were looking for everywhere.分析關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作動(dòng)詞look for的賓語，而him與關(guān)系代詞that指代的內(nèi)容重復(fù)，均指the lost boy，因此him多余，需刪除.(2)【誤】They were deeply moved, most

36、of them had tears in their eyes?！菊縏hey were deeply moved, most of whom had tears in their eyes.【正】They were deeply moved, and most of them had tears in their eyes。分析分析句式可知，此處是“介詞關(guān)系代詞”型的定語從句，先行詞指人，故用whom引導(dǎo)定語從句。此句還可以改為并列句.誤區(qū)eq avs4al(三）定語從句中主謂不一致的誤用或與其他結(jié)構(gòu)的誤用(1)【誤】This is one of the rooms that was dam

37、aged in the fire.【正】This is one of the rooms that were damaged in the fire。分析句意：這個(gè)房間是那次大火中被燒毀的房間之一.在one of 。. 結(jié)構(gòu)中，先行詞為of后的復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞，從句謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式。但當(dāng)先行詞是“the only/very one of復(fù)數(shù)名詞”時(shí)，從句謂語則用單數(shù)形式.比較：This is the only one of the rooms that was damaged in the fire.這就是那次大火中唯一一個(gè)被燒毀的房間。（2）【誤】The university in France that I am applying for having its own requirement.【正】The u