出口產(chǎn)品運(yùn)輸包裝標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(最終版)

1、專業(yè)知識(shí)整理分享適用范圍Scopeofapplication本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定了常州西電變壓器有限責(zé)任公司所生產(chǎn)的出口變壓器產(chǎn)品運(yùn)輸包裝的總體要求、包裝方式、包裝箱技術(shù)要求、裝箱方法、裝箱流程、包裝標(biāo)識(shí)等主要內(nèi)容。適用于本公司經(jīng)鐵路、公路及海洋運(yùn)輸?shù)某隹诋a(chǎn)品包裝。Thestandardstipulatesthegeneralrequirementswhichincludepackingway,packingtechnicalrequirements,encasementmethod,encasementprocedureandpackingidentificationetc.oftransportpa

2、ckageforexporttransformerproducedbyChangzhouXDTransformerCo.Ltd.Itappliestoexportproductpackingbyrailway,highwayandoceantransportation.引用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Quotedcriteria下列標(biāo)準(zhǔn)所包含的條文，通過(guò)在本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中引用而構(gòu)成本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的條文。本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)出版時(shí)，所有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)均為有效。所以標(biāo)準(zhǔn)都會(huì)被修訂，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)使用方應(yīng)探討使用下列標(biāo)準(zhǔn)最新版本的可能性。Provisionscontainedinthefollowingstandardformthestandardprovisionbyq

3、uotinginthisstandard.Whenthestandardpublished,allthestandardsarevalid.Allthestandardswillberevised.Standardusersshallexplorethepossibilityofusingthelatestversionofthefollowingcriteria.GB/T7350-1999防水包裝GB/T7350-1999Water-proofpackingGB/T155-2006原木缺陷GB/T155-2006DefectsinlogsGB/T4823-1995鋸材缺陷GB/T4823-1

4、995DefectsinswantimberGB/T9846.3-2004膠合板第3部分：普通膠合板通用技術(shù)條件GB/T9846.3-2004PlywoodThethirdpart:GeneraltechnicalconditionsofordinaryplywoodGB/T7284-1998框架木箱GB/T7284-1998FramewoodencaseGB/T5048-1999防潮包裝GB/T5048-1999Damp-proofpackingGB/T6388-1986運(yùn)輸包裝收發(fā)貨標(biāo)志GB/T6388-1986TransportpackageshippingmarkGB/T13384-2

5、008機(jī)電產(chǎn)品包裝通用技術(shù)條件GB/T13384-2008GeneraltechnicalconditionsofmechanicalandelectricalproductspackingSN/T0273-2002進(jìn)出口商品運(yùn)輸包裝木箱檢驗(yàn)檢疫規(guī)程SN/T0273-2002Importandexportgoodstransportpackagingwoodenbox,inspectionandquarantineprocedures總則General產(chǎn)品包裝應(yīng)符合牢固、經(jīng)濟(jì)、合理、美觀的原則。在正常的儲(chǔ)運(yùn)、裝卸條件下應(yīng)保證產(chǎn)品自工廠發(fā)貨之日起，至少兩年內(nèi)不因包裝不善而產(chǎn)生殘損、散失、銹蝕甚至

6、影響產(chǎn)品性能等現(xiàn)象，確保產(chǎn)品能安全、迅速、完整無(wú)損地到達(dá)目的地，及時(shí)交付用戶使用。Packagingofproductsshouldaccordwithstrong,economic,reasonableandbeautifulprinciple.Undertheconditionofthenormalstorageandtransportation,loadingandunloadingshallensurethatproductfromthedateofshipments,inatleasttwoyearstherewouldnotcomeintodamaged,lost,corrosio

7、nevenaffectingpropertiesofproductsetc.phenomena.Tomakesuretheproductscanarriveatthedestinationsafely,rapidlyandinonepieceanddelivertothecustomersintime.應(yīng)根據(jù)包裝物品的性質(zhì)、重量、外形尺寸、流通環(huán)境條件和用戶要求，選擇正確的包裝方式，做到包裝緊湊、防護(hù)合理、安全可靠。Weshouldchoosetherightmodesofpackingaccordingtonature,weight,boundarydimension,circulation

8、environmentconditionsandcustomersrequirementsofpackinggoodstomakethepackagingcompact,protectionreasonableandsafeandreliable.產(chǎn)品必須經(jīng)檢驗(yàn)合格、組部件齊全，做好防護(hù)處理后，方可進(jìn)行包裝。隨機(jī)文件應(yīng)齊全。Theproductsshouldbequalifiedthroughinspection.Thepartsshouldbecomplete.Theproductscanbepackedtilltheprotectionbeingdonewell.Randomfilesho

9、uldbecomplete.包裝箱的外形尺寸及重量應(yīng)符合國(guó)內(nèi)外運(yùn)輸方面的有關(guān)超限、超重的規(guī)定。Boundarydimensionandweightofpackingcaseshouldbeaccordedwithdomesticandinternationaltransportregulationsonoverrun,overweight.包裝環(huán)境應(yīng)清潔、干燥、無(wú)有害物質(zhì)。Packagingenvironmentshouldbeclean,dryandwithnoharmfulsubstances.為降低成本，有原包裝的應(yīng)盡量利用原包裝，經(jīng)修理或改裝的包裝箱應(yīng)符合專業(yè)包裝的有關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求。Ino

10、rdertoreducecosts,oneswiththeoriginalpackagingshouldtrytousetheoriginalpackaging.Packingcasesaftertherepairormodificationshallaccordwiththerelevantstandardsofprofessionalpackagingrequirements.裝箱后等待運(yùn)輸?shù)陌b箱特別是附件箱要求室內(nèi)存放，確保包裝質(zhì)量不受影響。Packingcasewaitedfortransportingespeciallytheaccessorycaseisrequiredinind

11、oorstoragetomakesurethepackingqualityisnotaffected.包裝方式Packingway產(chǎn)品及拆卸件主要選用的包裝方式有裸裝、局部裝和木箱裝。Mainpackingwayschoseforproductsandassembliesarenudepacking,partialpackingandwoodencasepacking.防護(hù)包裝主要分為防水包裝和防震包裝。Protectivepackagingconsistsofwaterproofpackingandshockproofpacking.防水材料采用聚乙烯塑料薄膜、聚乙烯塑料復(fù)合紙，如防雨布、P

12、E袋、防雨篷布等，其材質(zhì)、性能符合68/17350標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。Waterproofmaterialadoptspolyethyleneplasticfilmandpolyethyleneplasticcompositepaper,suchaswaterproofcloth,PEbagandwaterprooftarpaulinsetc.andtheirmaterialandperformanceaccordwiththeGB/T7350standard.防震材料采用聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料、復(fù)合發(fā)泡塑料、塑料氣墊等。Vibration-proofmaterialadoptspolystyrencefoam,

13、compoundfoamedplasticsandtheplasticcushionetc.包裝箱基本技術(shù)要求Generalsafetyspecificationofpackingcase包裝材質(zhì)要求Requirementsofpackagingmaterial包裝材料的選用根據(jù)內(nèi)裝物的特點(diǎn)正確選擇。Theselectionofpackagingmaterialsshouldberightchoiceaccordingtothecharacteristicsofthebuilt-inobjects.變壓器產(chǎn)品的包裝材料以木質(zhì)材料為主，其材質(zhì)應(yīng)在保證包裝箱強(qiáng)度的前提下，根據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)保原則選用非疫區(qū)

14、的適當(dāng)樹種。主要受力構(gòu)件的選材為落葉松、加松、鐵杉、花旗松，非主要受力部位也可以選用人工合成或深度加工的木質(zhì)材料。所用實(shí)木需熏蒸處理。Packagingmaterialoftransformerisgivenprioritytowithwoodmaterialwhichshallbeundertheprerequisiteoftheintensityofpackingandtochoosetheappropriatetreespeciesinunaffectedareasaccordingtotheeconomicandenvironmentalprotectionprinciple.Sele

15、ctionofmainstresscomponentsaredahurianlarch,pine,hemlockanddouglasfir.Themainstresspartsalsocanchoosesyntheticordeepprocessingofwoodmaterials.同一包裝箱的箱板色澤應(yīng)基本一致，寬窄均勻，外表面平整，無(wú)蟲眼和明顯毛刺。Theboardcolorofsamepackingcaseshouldbeconsistent.Ithastheuniformwidth,flatsurfaceandwithnobugandobviousburrs.滑木含水率不大于24%，其

16、它部位木材的含水率不大于20%。Woodmoisturecontentisnotmorethan24%andotherpartsthemoisturecontentoflumberisnotmorethan20%.制箱木材各部位允許缺陷度見表1、表2，木材中各種缺陷的解釋和計(jì)算方法、斜紋的傾斜度檢量方法按GB/T155和GB/T4823的規(guī)定。Eachpartofboxwoodallowingdefectsareshownintable1andtable2.Interpretationandcalculationmethodsofvariousdefectsinwood,theinclinat

17、ionofthetwillcalibrationmethodareaccordingtoGB/T155andGB/T4823.表1木材的缺陷限度(滑木、端木、枕木)Table1Defectslimitofwood(slipperywood,terminalwood,crosstie)缺陷名稱Nameofdefects木材的允許缺陷限度alloweddefectslimitofwood滑木、端木、枕木等主要受力構(gòu)件slipperywood,terminalwood,crosstie,etcmainstresscomponents活節(jié)和死節(jié)Liveanddeadsection任意材長(zhǎng)1000mm中

18、，節(jié)子的個(gè)數(shù)不能超過(guò)5個(gè)，最大節(jié)子直徑不能超過(guò)材寬的30%（死節(jié)必須修補(bǔ)），直徑不足5mm的節(jié)子不計(jì)?；九c枕木的釘接部位不得有死節(jié)。Anymaterialin1000mmlong,thenumberofknotisnomorethan5,thediameterofbiggestknotisnomorethan30%ofthematerialwidth(Deadknotmustberepaired.)Knotwithdiameterlessthan5mmisnotcounted.Nailpartsofslipperywoodandcrosstiecannothavedeadknots.腐朽De

19、cayed不允許notallowed蟲孔Wormhole不允許notallowed裂紋Crack裂紋長(zhǎng)度不得超過(guò)材長(zhǎng)的20%(寬度不足3mm的裂紋不計(jì))，不允許有貫通裂紋Lengthofcrackisnomorethan20%ofmateriallength(crackwitwidthlessthan3mmisnotcounted),hole-throughcrackisnotallowed.鈍棱Wane鈍棱最嚴(yán)重的部分缺角寬度不得超過(guò)材寬的30%,高度不得超過(guò)材厚的三分之一一Abluntedgeofthemostseriouspartofthemissinganglewidthshallno

20、texceed30%ofthematerialwidth.Heightshouldnetexceedonethirdofthematerialthickness.彎曲Curve順彎、橫彎不得超過(guò)1%,翹彎不得超過(guò)2%Thebendingandtransversebendingshouldnotexceed1%.Crosswiseconcavingshouldnotexceed2%.斜紋Crossgrain紋理的傾斜度不得超過(guò)20%Theinclinationofthetextureshouldnotexceed20%.表2木材的缺陷限度(箱板、箱檔)Table2Defectslimitofwo

21、od(boxboard,cleat)缺陷Defect允許缺陷限度alloweddefectslimit箱板boxboard箱檔cleat腐朽Decayed不允許notallowed蟲眼Wormhole不許有notallowed節(jié)子Knot死節(jié)Deadknot直徑自5mm以下不計(jì)。最大節(jié)子直徑不大于單板寬度30%(每塊箱面只允許一個(gè))，脫落節(jié)子需堵實(shí)Diameterbelow5mmisnotcounted.Thelargestdiameterofknotisnomorethan30%ofveneerwidth(Eachboxsideallowsonlyone).Knotdroppedoffsho

22、uldbeblockedup.最大節(jié)子直徑不大于檔寬25%Thelargestdiameterofknotisnomorethan25%ofcrosspiecewidth.活節(jié)Liveknot最大節(jié)子直徑不大于單板寬度50%Thelargestdiameterofknotisnomorethan25%ofveneerwidth.最大節(jié)子直徑不大于檔寬30%Thelargestdiameterofknotisnomorethan30%ofcrosspiecewidth.裂紋Crack裂長(zhǎng)不大于板長(zhǎng)20%,裂寬不大于2mm,橫裂不許有Lengthofcrackisnomorethan20%ofpl

23、ank.Widthofcrackisnomorethan2mm.Transversefissureisnotallowed.裂長(zhǎng)不大于檔長(zhǎng)10%裂寬不大于1mm,橫裂不許有Lengthofcrackisnomorethan10%ofcrosspiece.Widthofcrackisnomorethan1mm.Transversefissureisnotallowed.夾皮Barkpocket不許有notallowed斜紋Crossgrain斜紋的傾斜度不得超過(guò)20%Theinclinationofthecrossgrainshouldnotexceed20%鈍棱Wane箱面上、下口鈍棱缺角尺寸

24、不許有，中間、兩端鈍棱缺角尺寸不大于板厚30%Undertheboxsurface,bluntedgemissinganglesizeisnotallowedtohave.Bothendandmiddlebluntedgemissinganglesizeisnotmorethan30%ofveneerthickness.鈍棱缺角尺寸不大于板厚25%Abluntedgemissinganglesizeisnotmorethan25%ofveneerthickness.注：所有節(jié)子缺陷，在板、檔兩端著釘范圍不得超過(guò)單板、箱檔寬度的25%，鈍棱面必須朝里。Note:Alldefectsofknots

25、,onbothendsofplate,thepinscopeshallnotexceed25%ofthesingleboard,boxgearwidth,bluntedgesurfacemustbeinwards.膠合板Plywood膠合板選用GB/T9846.3-2004膠合板第3部分：普通膠合板通用技術(shù)條件中規(guī)定的“類膠合板。PlywoodchooseGB/T9846.32004PlywoodTheThirdPart:GeneralTechnicalConditionsofOrdinaryPlywooodfIIIkindofplywood.頂蓋載荷Thetopload施于橫梁的頂蓋載荷，按

26、頂蓋面積規(guī)定為為5.0kPa(510kgf/m2)。Inbeamtopload,asstipulatedintheheadareaof5.0kPa(510KGF/m2).堆碼載荷Stackingload施于側(cè)面的堆碼載荷，按頂蓋面積規(guī)定如表3。Forstackingloadtotheside,itisstipulatedintheroofareasuchastable3.表3堆碼載荷Table3Stackingload內(nèi)裝物重量(kg)weightofbuilt-inobjects(kg)堆碼載荷kPa(kgf/m2)stackingloadkPa(kgf/m2)W500010.0(1020)

27、50001000015.0(1530)1000020.0(2040)注:本規(guī)格中,頂蓋載荷主要是指橫梁支撐的上部載荷;堆碼載荷主要是指?jìng)?cè)框支撐的上部載荷。因此，直接放置比頂蓋寬度小的貨物時(shí)，頂蓋載荷和堆碼載荷發(fā)生作用，放置與頂蓋寬度相同的貨物或使用比頂蓋寬度大的合適貨物時(shí)，主要是堆碼載荷發(fā)生作用。Note:Inthisspecification,toploadmainlyreferstotheupperloadsupportedbybeam;stackingloadmainlyreferstotheupperpartoftheloadsupportedbysideoftheframe.Ther

28、efore,whenplacedthegoodssmallerthantopwidthdirectly,toploadandstackingloadmilitate.Whenplacedthegoodssameasthetopwidthorusedtherightgoodsislargerthanthetopwidth,stackingloadmainlymilitate.間隙Gap為防止內(nèi)裝物因接觸框架木箱的面而引起損傷,在其間充填緩沖材料或留出適當(dāng)間隙，單面間隙30mm。Inordertopreventthebuilt-inobjectsdamagecausedbycontactwitht

29、hefaceoftheframewoodenbox,fillingbuffermaterialsamongthemorleavingappropriategap.Singlegapis30mm.尺寸的表示方法Expressivemethodsofsize包裝箱的尺寸用內(nèi)尺寸或外尺寸表示,根據(jù)表4規(guī)定。Accordingtotheprovisionsoftable4,weexpresspackingsizewiththesizeoroutsidedimensions.表4包裝箱的尺寸表示Table4Dimensionsindicatedofpackingcase名稱內(nèi)尺寸外尺寸nameInsid

30、edimensionExternaldimension長(zhǎng)(L)端支柱的內(nèi)面間距離內(nèi)長(zhǎng)+（端柱厚+端外板厚）X2寬(W)ThedistancebetweentheInseamlength+(thicknessofendpost高（H）sidepillaroftheinside+thicknessofplanking)*2側(cè)支柱的內(nèi)面間距離內(nèi)寬+（側(cè)柱厚+側(cè)外板厚）X2Thedistancebetweenthesidepillarsinside側(cè)面上、下框兩外緣間的距離Ontheside,thedistancebetweenthetwoouterboxInnerwidth+(thicknessof

31、column+thicknessoftestplate)*2內(nèi)高+頂蓋厚+底座厚(滑木厚+輔助滑木厚+底板)Innerheight+thicknessofheader+thicknessofbase(thicknessofslipperywood+thicknessofassistantslipperywood+floor)尺寸偏差Dimensionaldeviation木構(gòu)件寬度與厚度的尺寸偏差按表5規(guī)定。Dimensionaldeviationofthewidthandthicknessofthewoodenpiecesisstipulatedinthetable5.表5木構(gòu)件的寬度與厚度

32、的尺寸偏差(mm)Table5Dimensionaldeviationofwidthandthicknessoftimbercomponents(mm)尺寸范圍Rangeofsizes偏差DeviationW20-1+22010022100士36包裝箱的結(jié)構(gòu)Thestructureofthepacking底座Base底盤是木箱的底面，并且在上面安裝側(cè)板和端板，起支撐裝載物的作用，底座的結(jié)構(gòu)見圖1。底座各構(gòu)件尺寸見表6。Baseisthebottomofthecaseonwhichlateralplateandendplateareinstalled.Itsroleistosupportthes

33、towage.Thestructureofthebaseasshowninpicture1.Sizesofeachcomponentofbaseareshownintable6.注：底座(或底盤、底架木)上放上內(nèi)裝物后，在未進(jìn)行固定加固、綁扎等或未裝側(cè)板，端板之前，不得單靠底盤進(jìn)行起吊等裝卸作業(yè)。Note：Built-inobjectsputonbase(orchassis,timberunderframe),withoutfixedreinforcement,binding,etcorwithoutinstallinglateralplateandendplate,chassiswouldn

34、otbeallowedtoliftinghandlingoperation,etcalone.滑木Slipperywood滑木一般應(yīng)均勻排布，但對(duì)底板兼枕木的形式，若內(nèi)裝物底座用螺栓固定在滑木上，限于螺栓孔位置，滑木的位置可以適當(dāng)偏移。Slipperywoodshouldbeevenlyarrangedgenerally.Butfortheformofbaseplateandcrosstie,ifthebaseofbuilt-inobjectsisfixedonslipperywoodwithbolts,becauseoftheboltholeposition,thepositionofsli

35、pperywoodcanbeskewappropriately.滑木的中心間隔一般不大于1200mm,需用叉車橫向進(jìn)叉裝卸時(shí)，滑木的中心間隔應(yīng)不大于1000mm(內(nèi)裝物重量為1500kg以下的，應(yīng)不大于800mm)，超過(guò)規(guī)定的間隔，中間應(yīng)增加相同截面的滑木。Thecenterintervaloftheslipperywoodisgenerallynotmorethan1200mm.Whenneedtousetheforkliftintotheforkloadingandunloadingcrosswise,thecenterintervaloftheslipperywoodisgenerall

36、ynotmorethan1000mm(weightofbuilt-inobjectsbelow1500kg,shouldnotbegreaterthan800mm).Inexcessoftheprescribedintervals,weshouldincreaseslipperywoodwiththesamecrosssection.滑木應(yīng)盡量采用一根整木，若長(zhǎng)度不夠時(shí)，可以對(duì)接，但對(duì)接的位置不能在長(zhǎng)度的中心處，而且各滑木的對(duì)接位置應(yīng)錯(cuò)開。Slipperywoodshouldadoptapieceofcompletelog.Ifthelengthisnotenough,itcanbebuttj

37、ointbutthedockingpositioncannotbeinthecenterofthelength.Andthedockingpositionofeachslidewoodshouldstagger.表6底座各構(gòu)件的尺寸mmTable6Sizesofcomponentsoffloormm內(nèi)裝物重量kg滑木Slipperywood端木terminal端木與滑木聯(lián)結(jié)用螺栓直徑底板的厚度ThicknessoffloorWeightofbuilt-inobjectskg箱的內(nèi)長(zhǎng)InseamlengthW尺寸Sizes(寬X厚)(width*thickness)wood(寬X厚)(width

38、*thickness)Diameterofboltsforterminalwoodandslipperywoodjointingmm木板boardmm膠合板plywoodmmW1000350090X6060X60M10或鋼釘Orsteelnail155.5100050005000120X120100X100M121895000100007000150X150120X120M1621126.1.2端木Terminalwood端木用螺栓或鋼釘安裝在滑木上，端木外側(cè)面距滑木端部的距離等于端木的厚度，端木的尺寸及其與滑木聯(lián)結(jié)用螺栓的直徑按表6的規(guī)定，端木的長(zhǎng)度與內(nèi)寬相同。Terminalwoodisi

39、nstalledonslipperywoodwithboltsandsteelnails.Thelateralaspectofterminalwoodfromslipperywoodenddistanceisequaltothethicknessofterminalwood.Sizeofterminalwoodanddiameterofboltscouplingwithslipperywoodareaccordingtotheprovisionsintable6.枕木Crosstie主要起支撐內(nèi)裝物的作用，尺寸根據(jù)包裝箱滑木位置、內(nèi)裝物的重量及形狀等來(lái)決定。枕木規(guī)格應(yīng)符合內(nèi)裝物對(duì)包裝箱的強(qiáng)度要

40、求，具體按GB/T7284-1998中5.1.5規(guī)定。Ithastheroleofsupportingbuilt-inobjects.Thesizeisdecidedaccordingtothelocationofpackagingcaseslipperywood,weightandshapeofbuilt-inobjects.Thespecificationsofcrosstieshouldbeconsistentwiththestrengthofthebuilt-inobjectsforpackagingrequirements.Specificsituationisaccordingto

41、regulation5.1.5inGB/T7284-1998.枕木用螺栓或鋼釘安裝在滑木上,聯(lián)結(jié)螺栓或鋼釘?shù)闹睆桨幢?的規(guī)定。Crosstieisinstalledonslipperywoodbyboltsorsteelnails.Diameterofcouplingboltsorsteelnailsisaccordingtothestipulationintable7.表7枕木的安裝Table7Installingofcrosstie枕木的厚度Thicknessofcrosstiemm安裝方法InstallationmethodW60用鋼釘釘bysteelnail6090用兇10螺栓緊固fi

42、xedbyM10bolts90150用兇12螺栓緊固fixedbyM12bolts2150用M16螺栓緊固fixedbyM16bolts底板Baseplate底板寬度不應(yīng)小于200mm，厚度按表6規(guī)定使用。底板用鋼釘安裝在滑木上。Widthofbaseplateshouldnotlessthan200mm,thethicknessusedasthestipulationinthetable6.Baseplateisinstalledonslipperywoodwithsteelnail.側(cè)面與端面Sideandendface側(cè)板和端板Lateralplateandendplate側(cè)板裝在滑木上承受堆碼載荷,同時(shí)起通過(guò)滑木支撐貨物的作用。Lateralplateinstalledontheslipperywoodbearsstackingloadandhastheroleofsupportinggoodsthroughslipperywood.端板裝在滑木上層,兩端都有,起支撐堆碼載荷的作用。Endplateisinstalledinthetopofwood.Bothsideshaveit.Ithastheroleofsupportingthestackingload.側(cè)板與端板的厚度如表8所示。Thicknessofla