高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)寫(xiě)作第6講虛擬語(yǔ)氣在寫(xiě)作中的應(yīng)用講義牛津譯林版

1、第6講虛擬語(yǔ)氣在寫(xiě)作中的應(yīng)用一、魔法導(dǎo)航虛擬語(yǔ)氣是寫(xiě)作的“獨(dú)門(mén)暗器”,能為寫(xiě)作增添一道亮麗的風(fēng)景線。下面把在寫(xiě)作中容易把握的幾種虛擬語(yǔ)氣的形式做一下簡(jiǎn)要總結(jié)以幫助同學(xué)們?cè)谝院蟮淖魑闹徐`活、熟練地運(yùn)用這一高級(jí)形式。(一)虛擬語(yǔ)氣在非真實(shí)條件句中的應(yīng)用:1.與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反:從句采用“If+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式(be的形式一律用were)”的形式,主句采用“主語(yǔ)+would/should/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形”的形式。典句引領(lǐng)If I were a bird now, I could fly freely in the sky.如果現(xiàn)在我是一只小鳥(niǎo),我就能自由地在空中飛翔。虛實(shí)結(jié)合,獨(dú)領(lǐng)風(fēng)

2、騷雕詞琢句If there were no exams now,(我們會(huì)過(guò)一種更幸福的學(xué)校生活). 答案we would live a happier school life2.與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反:從句采用“If+主語(yǔ)+had+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”的形式,主句采用“主語(yǔ)+would/should/could/might+ have done”的形式。典句引領(lǐng)If I had taken his advice,I wouldnt have missed such a wonderful film. 如果我聽(tīng)了他的建議,我就不會(huì)錯(cuò)過(guò)這么精彩的一部電影了。雕詞琢句If I had formed a good

3、 habit of reciting something then(我就能夠在英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)方面取得更大的進(jìn)步了).(2014江西)答案I could have made more progress in the English study. 3.與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反:主句采用“主語(yǔ)+would/should/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形”的形式,而從句有三種形式:if+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式;if+主語(yǔ)+were to do;if+主語(yǔ)+should do。典句引領(lǐng)If it were to rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.如果明天下雨,我們就不去登山了。

4、雕詞琢句如果你能給我提供一些如何更好地理解它們的建議,我將非常感激。 (2015四川) 答案I would appreciate it if you could give me some advice on how to under-stand them better.(二)虛擬語(yǔ)氣在含蓄條件句中的應(yīng)用:有時(shí)假設(shè)的情況并不以條件從句表示出來(lái),而是通過(guò)上下文或介詞短語(yǔ)等表示出來(lái)。常用的介詞(短語(yǔ))有without,but for和副詞otherwise等。典句引領(lǐng)But for their help, I couldnt have got in touch with Professor Smit

5、h last week. 要不是他們的幫助,上周我就不能和史密斯教授取得聯(lián)系了。雕詞琢句(1)Without them, people(不能享受和諧) or the country would be in chaos.(2015江蘇)答案could not enjoy harmony (2)昨天他們幫助了我。否則,我就不能按時(shí)完成任務(wù)了。 答案They helped me yesterday. Otherwise I could not have finished the task on time.(三)虛擬語(yǔ)氣在某些從句中的應(yīng)用:1.用于wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句中:與現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)相反,從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

6、用were或動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式;與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反,從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“had+過(guò)去分詞”;表示將來(lái)沒(méi)有把握或不太可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望,從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“would+動(dòng)詞原形”。典句引領(lǐng)Actually, how I wish I could often raise questions in class.事實(shí)上,我多么希望自己在課上能經(jīng)常提出問(wèn)題呀。雕詞琢句I wish (我沒(méi)有錯(cuò)過(guò)出國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)的機(jī)會(huì)) last year;I wish (我在美國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)) now;I wish(我能夠在美國(guó)找一份好工作) after graduation next year.答案I hadnt missed the chance to

7、go abroad for studyI were studying in America I would find a good job in America2.在suggest, order, demand, propose, command, request, recommend, require, de-cide, insist, desire, urge等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句中表示愿望、建議、 命令、要求等語(yǔ)氣時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”的形式,should可以省略。另外,在上述動(dòng)詞相關(guān)名詞的名詞性從句中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也常用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”的形式。典句引領(lǐng)My teac

8、her suggests that we should learn to handle conflicts calmly and wisely. 老師建議我們應(yīng)該學(xué)會(huì)冷靜、理智地處理沖突。雕詞琢句(1)In order to settle the tough problem, I recommend that those caught doing such things(閱讀一本鼓舞人心的書(shū)) every month and share it with all the other students. (2015廣東)答案should read an inspiring book(2)When

9、it comes to improving Mandarin, my advice is that(你應(yīng)該每天聽(tīng)普通話)and practice speaking it whenever possible. (2015四川)答案you should listen to Mandarin every day(3)我建議你和一些中國(guó)學(xué)生交朋友,他們會(huì)幫助你學(xué)習(xí)普通話(Mandarin)。(2015四川) 答案 I suggest/advise that you should make friends with some Chinese stu-dents, who can help you lea

10、rn Mandarin.3.在would rather后的賓語(yǔ)從句中,謂語(yǔ)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)虛擬現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的情況;用過(guò)去完成時(shí)虛擬過(guò)去的情況。典句引領(lǐng)I would rather you had come here to spend the holiday with me last month.我寧愿上個(gè)月你來(lái)這兒和我共度假期。雕詞琢句如果有可能,我寧愿明天去北京。 答案 If possible, I would rather I went to Beijing tomorrow.4.在 “ It is (high) time + that從句” 中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用過(guò)去式或“should+動(dòng)詞原形”表

11、示虛擬語(yǔ)氣。典句引領(lǐng)Its high time that we made the public realize the importance of saving energy.我們?cè)撟尮娨庾R(shí)到節(jié)能的重要性了。雕詞琢句我們?cè)摬扇∮行Т胧┛刂莆廴玖恕?答案Its high time that we took effective measures to control pollution. 二、學(xué)以致用1.完美文章結(jié)合括號(hào)中的提示,用合適的虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式完成下面的文章。Im Li Hua.Do you still remember me? I studied in your school for s

12、ix months a couple of years ago.Im very grateful for your help during my study in the U.S.Without your help,(1)(我的英語(yǔ)不可能提高得那么快) and (2)(我也不可能那么享受我在那兒的生活).Do you know how everything is going with Mr.Smith? I failed to contact him af-ter I left America.Id appreciate it(3)(如果你能給我他的電郵地址或電話號(hào)碼).I remember

13、that you are very interested in Chinese culture. If you are free during this winter holiday,how I wish (4)(你能在春節(jié)來(lái)中國(guó)體驗(yàn)中國(guó)文化).Im sure it will be an unforgettable trip.I would be very happy (5)(如果你能接受我的邀請(qǐng)).I am looking forward to hearing from you.答案(1)my English couldnt have improved so quickly(2)I coul

14、dnt have enjoyed my life there so much,either(3)if you could offer me his e-mail address or telephone number(4)you would come to China during the Spring Festival to experience Chinese cul-ture (5)if you were to accept my invitation2.話題寫(xiě)作本期話題計(jì)劃與愿望寫(xiě)作要求至少運(yùn)用三種虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式。根據(jù)下面的信息提示,以“Fancy yourself as a billi

15、onaire”為主題寫(xiě)一篇80詞左右的英語(yǔ)短文。1.為父母買一座房子,讓他們幸福地生活;2.為慈善組織捐款,幫助殘疾兒童;3.建立一個(gè)專門(mén)的組織,致力于保護(hù)環(huán)境;4.建一所設(shè)備先進(jìn)的學(xué)校,讓貧困兒童接受良好的教育。 答案One possible version:If I were a billionaire, I would do various meaningful things. Firstly, I would buy a house and let my parents live a happy life. Without their help and encourage-ment,

16、I couldnt have achieved so great a success. Secondly, I would donate much money to the charity to help those disabled children. Thirdly, I would rather set a special organization focusing on protecting the environment. I think its high time that we did something about it. Lastly, I would build a sch

17、ool equipped with ad-vanced facilities for those poor children. 三、美文賞讀(2015安徽)某英文雜志正在舉辦以“Fancy yourself as an interviewer”為主題的征文活動(dòng),請(qǐng)你以“A Famous Chinese I Would Like to Interview”為題,寫(xiě)一篇英語(yǔ)短文。內(nèi)容包括:1.采訪的對(duì)象;2.采訪的原因;3.想提的問(wèn)題。注意:1.詞數(shù)120左右;2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié),以使行文連貫;3.短文中不能出現(xiàn)與本人相關(guān)的信息;4.短文的標(biāo)題已給出,不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。我來(lái)試寫(xiě)A Famous Ch

18、inese I Would Like to Interview 答案One possible version:A Famous Chinese I Would Like to InterviewThe person I would like to interview is Yang Liwei.I would really like to interview him because he is not only the first Chinese to go to space but also one of the greatest astronauts in the world.I have long been inter-ested in space exploration and I believe I can learn a great deal from him about it.If I could interview him,I would ask him what made him an astronaut and how he was trained. I w