高考復(fù)習(xí)第1講 閱讀理解技巧篇之細(xì)節(jié)題

1、第1講閱讀理解技巧篇之細(xì)節(jié)題(直接細(xì)節(jié)信息題和細(xì)節(jié)信息篩選題)題型特點(diǎn)細(xì)節(jié)理解題：主要考查學(xué)生對閱讀材料中的某一特定細(xì)節(jié)或文章的主要事實(shí)的理解能力。題型劃分：直接細(xì)節(jié)信息題細(xì)節(jié)信息篩選細(xì)節(jié)信息轉(zhuǎn)換細(xì)節(jié)信息整合題型解讀考查能力：信息捕捉能力信息理解能力信息轉(zhuǎn)化能力信息整合能力抗干擾能力解題步驟讀題干，找題眼依據(jù)題眼，地毯式搜索，尋讀法鎖定信息，精讀，比對選項(xiàng)題一：DearLora,GreetingsfromtheHarvardGraduateSchoolofEducation!Aswebeginrecruiting(招收)talentedstudentsfromdifferentbackgrou

2、ndsforthe20192020academicyear,wewouldliketoaskaboutyourplansforgraduatestudyandhighlightsomenewdevelopmentsontheHGSEAdmissionswebsite.ApplytoHGSEWearepleasedtoannouncethatouronlineapplicationisnowlive!Youcanaccesstheform,requirements,andinstructionsonourwebsite.TheapplicationdeadlinefortheDoctorofEd

3、ucationLeadership(Ed.L.D.)isMarch15,2019,whiletheMasterofEducation(Ed.M.)deadlineisApril5,2019.DoctorofPhilosophyinEducation(Ph.D)HGSEandtheHarvardGraduateSchoolofArtsandSciences(GSAS)additionallyofferthestudentsaPh.D.inEducation.Applicationsforthisresearch-baseddoctorate(博士學(xué)位)mustbesenttoGSASbyFebr

4、uary20,2019.ConnectwithHGSEWehavebegunpostingthescheduleofourfallrecruitmenteventsonourwebsite，thefirstofwhichistheNewYorkCityIdealistGradFaironThursday,January31.Pleasecheckourwebsitefordetailsaboutthisandotheroff-campusandonlineinformationsessions.Notethatwearecontinuingtoaddeventsastheyareschedul

5、ed.UpdateYourCommunicationPreferencesPleasetakeamomenttoupdateyourinformation(e.g.,contactinfo,programpreference)toreflectanychangessinceyousignedupinitially,sothatwemaycommunicatewithyouinawaythatbestfitsyourneeds.IfyourenolongerconsideringHGSEforgraduatestudy,clickontheunsubscribelinkatthebottomof

6、thisemailmessage;youwillnolongerreceivecommunicationsfromtheAdmissionsOffice.Asalways,youarewelcometocontactuswithyourquestions.Welookforwardtoconnectingwithyouinthenearfutureandhopewewillhaveachancetoreadyourapplicationthisspring.Sincerely,JuliaDeland,Ed,MDirectorofAdmissions31.AnapplicationforDoct

7、orofEducationLeadershipmustbesubmittedby_.A.April5,2019B.March15,2019C.January31,2019D.February20,201932.Intheemail,Loraisadvisedto_.A.updateherinformationB.subscribetheemailmessagesC.postherscheduleonthewebsiteD.organizesomeactivitiesforthefairUpdateYourCommunicationPreferences錯誤選項(xiàng)的套路原文信息，但與題目無關(guān)偷梁換

8、柱，與原文信息有相似度，略微變動，大相徑庭無中生有，文中沒有出現(xiàn)的細(xì)節(jié)信息張冠李戴，視覺親切，混淆視聽第2講閱讀理解技巧篇之細(xì)節(jié)題(細(xì)節(jié)信息轉(zhuǎn)換題和細(xì)節(jié)信息整合題)題一：閱讀理解1.Dr.AmandaHarriswasreadyforsleepsinceitwasalready11pm.Thephonerang.Ontheotherendofthelinewasawomanabouttobreakapromise.Thewomanwashermothersneighbor.FloraHarrishadmadetheneighborswearshewouldnttellherdaughtersh

9、edhadaheartattackandwasinhospital.Theneighborwiselydecidedtodisobeyorders.2.Amandadesperatelywantedtogettothehospitalimmediately,butshecouldnt.ShelivesinWashingtonD.C.,andhermotherlivesinCalifornia.Forthepastyearandahalf,AmandahasgonetoLosAngeleseveryothermonthtotakecareofhermother.FloraHarristakesc

10、areofherhusbandJames,whos91andhasAlzheimersdisease.Theyliveintheirownhome,andacaregivercomestohelpthemafewhoursaday.3.AmandaisoneofmanyAmericansfacingtheheartacheofhowtotakecareofagingparentsfromafar.Shesoftenworriedandguilty,nottomentionbusywithademandingjob,twoteenagedaughtersandthefrequenttripsto

11、California.4.Insomeways,Amandaislucky.ShehastheresourcestomakethetripstoLosAngeles.Plus,sheisadoctorwhotreatstheelderly.Shestreatedcountlesspatientswhosechildrenlivefaraway.5.“Butitsstilltough,”shesays.“Icanforeseewhatthenextfewyearsaregoingtolooklike,anditsnotaprettypicture.Therewillcomeatimewhenmy

12、fatherwontrecognizemeandIworryhesgoingtobeviolentandhurtmymother.”6.Sowhatdoyoudowhenyouliveacontinentawayfromyouraging,sickparents?Youcanhiresomeonetohelp,butyoucantcountonitcompletely.24.WhyisAmandaworriedandguilty?A.Sheistiredoftakingcareofherhusband.B.ShecannotaffordtogotoCaliforniaoften.C.Sheca

13、nnottakegoodcareofheragingparents.D.Shehasheadachediseaseandcannotdoademandingjob.25.TheauthorconsidersAmandaluckybecause_.A.herparentsarewellcaredbyacaregiverB.shehasexperienceoftreatingtheelderlyC.herparentsarenotveryoldD.shehasalotoffreetime26.WhatsoneofthesymptomsofapersonwithAlzheimersdisease?A

14、.Havingnosenseofpain.B.Havingheartattacksoften.C.Alwaysfeelingworriedandguilty.D.Beingunabletorecognizerelatives.細(xì)節(jié)信息轉(zhuǎn)換的套路同義詞語轉(zhuǎn)換詞性或語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換語言簡化，概括性強(qiáng)正話反說，或反話正說細(xì)節(jié)信息整合鎖定題眼，掃讀原文關(guān)鍵詞處信息量不夠跨句子，跨段落搜集信息將相關(guān)信息綜合起來，最終得出答案滿分秘籍會審題，會抓關(guān)鍵詞好心態(tài)，不能怕麻煩明套路，排除干擾項(xiàng)養(yǎng)習(xí)慣，認(rèn)真不草率第3講閱讀理解技巧篇之推理判斷題(對文中特定信息的推斷)考查重點(diǎn)理解原文字面意思為基礎(chǔ)明晰文中的細(xì)節(jié)暗示縷清

15、句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系理解作者要傳達(dá)的深層含義或隱含意思題型特點(diǎn)細(xì)節(jié)推理判斷根據(jù)文中具體的某一句話或幾句話的信息進(jìn)行推理歸納推理判斷根據(jù)全文的內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)，進(jìn)行推理判斷語句隱含意義的推斷作者觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度的推斷作者寫作目的的推斷文章出處的推斷常見的發(fā)問詞infer,imply,suggest,conclude,learn,intend,mean,describepurpose,attitudecan,could,might,wouldprobably,likely常見發(fā)問句式1.Itcanbeinferred/concluded/seenfromthepassagethat_.2.Whichofthefo

16、llowingconclusionscanwedrawaccordingtothepassage?3.Inwhichofthefollowingpublications(出版物)wouldthispassagemostlikelybeprinted?4.Thepassageimplies,butdoesntdirectlystatethat_.5.Thewritersuggeststhat_.6.Theauthorprobablyfeelsthat_.7.Theauthorusestheexampleoftoshowthat_.8.Whatstheauthorsattitudetoward?解

17、題關(guān)鍵鎖定關(guān)鍵信息，回歸文中，尋找依據(jù)獲取足夠信息，有理有據(jù)，忠于原文，順應(yīng)主旨抵抗原話誘惑，不做多余推理，不做片面結(jié)論，不以主觀代替作者本意題一：閱讀理解1.Dormitorymanagementofficialsinuniversitiessaythatlatelytheyarenoticingsomethingdifferent：studentsseemtolackthewillandskilltoaddresstheirordinaryconflicts.“Wehavestudentswhoaremadateachotherandtheytexteachotherinthesamero

18、om,”saysateacher.“Somanyofourroommateconflictsarebecausekidsdontknowhowtonegotiate.”2.Andasmanypsychologistswilltellyou,bottledemotionsleadtosilentunhappinessthatcanboiloverintofrustrationandanger.“AtFloridaUniversity,emotionaloutbreaksoccuraboutonceaweek,”thedormitorydirectorsays.“Itusedtobe：Letssi

19、tdownandtalkaboutit,”hesays.“Recently,roommateconflictshaveincreased.Thestudentsdonthavetheperson-to-persondiscussionsandtheydontknowhowtohandlethem.”Theproblemismostimpressiveamongfreshmen;dormitoryofficialssaysomestudentsevenneverseemtocatchontillgraduation,andtheyworryabouthowsuchstudentswilldeal

20、withconflictsaftercollege.3.AdministratorssupposethatrelyingoncellphonesandtheInternetmayhavemadeiteasierforyoungpeopletoavoiduncomfortablemeetings.Whyexpressangerinpersonwhenyoucandoitinatext?Facebookmakesthesituationworseascomplaintsgopublic.“ThingsarepostedonsomeoneswallonFacebook：Oh,myroommateke

21、ptmeupallnightstudying,”saysDanaPysz,anassistantdirectorinthehousingofficeatCaliforniaUniversity.“Itsadifferentwaytoexpresstheirconflictstoeachother.”InrecentgroupdiscussionsatNorthCarolinaStateUniversity,studentssaidtheywouldnotevenaccusethenoisyneighborsontheirfloorfacetoface.4.Administratorsalsop

22、ointtoparentswhohavefixedtheirchildrensproblemsintheirentirelives.Nowincollege,thechildrenlacktheskillstoattendtoevenmodestconflicts.Wouldtheseparentscontinuetotakecareofeverythingoncampus?33.Accordingtothepassage,wecaninferthat_A.parentsarethemainfactortomaketheirchildrenlosetheskills.B.sometimesce

23、llphonescausethestudentsconflictsintheirdormitories.C.studentshandleditdirectlywhentheywereinconflict.D.unhappyandcorneredemotionsresultedinquarrelsbetweenstudentsonceaweek.對文中特定信息的推論鎖定題眼選項(xiàng)A.parentsB.cellphonesC.handleditdirectlyD.corneredemotions,閱讀選項(xiàng)抓關(guān)鍵詞回歸原文定位解題技巧1.以文中已知的事實(shí)為前提，進(jìn)行判斷，推斷，得出結(jié)論；2.注意細(xì)節(jié)的

24、推敲，注意選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)的一些限定詞。onceaweek錯誤選項(xiàng)的特征對原文的簡單陳述原文無依據(jù)推理過度偷換概念過于絕對違背主旨以個別事實(shí)代替普遍規(guī)律第4講閱讀理解技巧篇之推理判斷題(作者寫作目的,觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度和文章出處的推斷)題一：1.Latelastyear,aNewZealandnewspaperreportedthatChinawassending120doctorstoaPacificislandtoassistwiththeircommunityhealth.Apositiveaction,onemightthink,butthefocusofthestorywastoaskwhatChi

25、nawasdoinginthePacific,andhowwehavefailedtotheextentthatwehaveallowedthistohappen.WhataretheChinesedoingon“ourpatch”?2.Infact,theriseofChinaistoacertaindegreepromotedasathreat.ThechallengetotheWest,then,istoimproveanappreciationofwhatChinais.HowdoesChinasculturalheritagepresentapositiveadvantagetoth

26、eworld?3.Tounderstandthis,itisimportanttoconsiderthefoundationsofChinesecultureandsociety.Chinahasmorethan5,000yearsofuninterruptedculturaldevelopment.Weatleastneedtogoback2,500yearstostudyTaoism,foritsculturalandphilosophicalroots,andConfuciusforhissocialphilosophyandinfluenceonsociety.4.Taoismprov

27、idesuswithmanyaspectsofthespecialnatureofChinesecultureandphilosophy.TheconceptofyinandyanginTaoism,whichbringsusbalancethroughtheintegrationofopposites,iswell-knownbutnotfullyunderstoodintheWest.Chinesemedicine,whichtendstotakealongertimetotakeeffect,withafocustoworkinharmonywiththebody,istorestore

28、imbalancecausingdiseasesratherthantargetingonlythespecificsymptomorproblemarea.5.ConfuciuscontributiontoChinesesocietyalsoprovidesadifferencetoWesternsociety.Easternsocietyplacesthecommunityasthemostimportantcomponentofsociety.InWesternsociety,itistheindividualthatisconsideredtobetheunitofsociety,co

29、mpatiblewithanobjectiveanalysisofissues.6.Consideringamonkey,acowandabanana,whichistheoddoneout?ThevastmajorityofChinesewillchoosethecowbecausethemonkeyeatsthebanana,whichgivesfoodtothemonkey.Westernpeopleinvariablychoosethebananabecausetheyseetheobjectiveclassificationofthemonkeyandcow.Theconsidera

30、tionofthesetworesponses,andextensionintodeeperphilosophicalunderstanding,presentsamajordifferencebetweenChineseandWesternthought.7.Therefore,thechallengetotheWestistoembraceanalternativeperspectiveonissues.ItistimeforWesternmediatoseekabalanceinreportingaffairs,andcritique(評判)theWesternperspective.I

31、tistimeforaChinesevoicetobeheardintheWest.63.WhyisChinesemedicinementionedinthepassage?A.TohelpbetterunderstandTaoism.B.Todefinetheconceptofyinandyang.C.ToemphasizethecontributionsofTaoism.D.ToexpresstheauthorsprideinChineseculture.65.Theauthorspurposeofwritingthepassageisto_.A.warntheWestofthethrea

32、tofChinaB.introducetotheWestwhatChinareallyisC.recommendtheWesttoaccepttheriseofChinaD.appealtotheWesttohaveanobjectiveattitudetoChina題二：1.AstherailroadsandthehighwaysshapedtheAmericanWestinthepastcenturies,anewelectricalgenerating(發(fā)電)andtransmission(輸送)systemforthe21stcenturywillleavealastingmarkon

33、theWest,forbetterorworse.Muchoftherealsignificanceofrailroadsandhighwaysisnotintheirdirectphysicaleffectonthescenery,butinthewaysthattheyaffectthesurroundingcommunity.Thesameistrueofbigsolarplantsandthepowerlinesthatwillbelaiddowntomoveelectricityaround.2.The19thcenturysawlandgrants(政府撥地)offeredtora

34、ilroadcompaniestobuildthetranscontinentalrailroads,leavingpubliclandinbetweenprivatelyownedland.InmuchoftheWest,someoftherailroadsectionsweredevelopedwhileothersremainedundeveloped,andinbothcasesthelandownershiphaspresenteduniquechallengestolandmanagement.Withthecompletionoftheinterstatehighwaysystem,manyofthesmalltowns,whichsprangupasrailwaystopsanddevelopedwell,havelosttheirlifebloodanddied.3.Bigsolarplantsandtheirpowerlineswillalsohaveeffectsfarbeyondtheirdirectfootprin