新概念英語第一冊語法知識點之情態(tài)動詞的使用

1、第 PAGE15 頁 共 NUMPAGES15 頁新概念英語第一冊語法知識點之情態(tài)動詞的使用新概念英語第一冊語法知識點之情態(tài)動詞的使用can, must, may, might, need情態(tài)動詞can(可以)， must(必須)， may(可以)構(gòu)造：主語+can/must/may+動詞原型He can make the tea.Sally can air the room.We can speak English.Can he make the tea?Can Sally air the room?Can we speak English?He cannot make the tea.Sa

2、lly cannot air the room.We cannot speak English.Yes, he can. No, he cannot.Yes, she can. No, she cannot.Yes, we can. No, we cannot.What can you do?(必背)注意：情態(tài)動詞的句子沒有第三人稱單數(shù)的變化，不要在情態(tài)動詞或動詞后面加S。1)Must/have to的區(qū)別must 表示必須，是主觀上覺得應(yīng)該做，have to是不得不，是由于客觀條件逼迫的必要要做must 只能用在表示如今和將來的句子里，而have to do可以用在任何時態(tài)2)must, m

3、ay, might表示猜想：must do 表示對如今事實的猜想must have done表示對過去事實的猜想must have been doing 表示對過去正在進(jìn)展的事實的猜想may/might do, may/might have done表示沒有任何事實根據(jù)的猜想，might的可能性更小。cant/couldnt 表示不可能新概念第一冊語法講解：一般如今時1、含有be動詞的句子He is a teacher.The girl is very beautiful.Tim and Jack are students.Is he a teacher?Is the girl very be

4、autiful?Are Tim and Jack students?He is not a teacher.The girl is not very beautiful.Tim and Jack are not students.Yes, he is. / No, he is not.Yes, she is. / No, she is not.Yes, they are. / No, they are not.2、不含有be動詞的句子，即含有一般動詞的句子。(1)第三人稱單數(shù)及單數(shù)名詞He likes books.She likes him.The dog likes bones.Does h

5、e like books?Does she like him?Does the dog like bones?He doesnt like books.She doesnt like him.The dog doesnt like bones.Yes, he does. / No, he doesnt.Yes, she does. / No, she doesntYes, it does. / No, it doesnt.注意：第三人稱單數(shù)形式一般在動詞后面加S，不要和名詞復(fù)數(shù)混淆，變否認(rèn)句或疑問句時名詞復(fù)數(shù)沒有任何變化。(2)其別人稱及復(fù)數(shù)名詞I want to have a bath.We

6、 have some meat.The students like smart teachers.Do you want to have a bath?Do we have any meat?Do the students like smart teachers?You dont want to have a bath.We dont have any meat.The students dont like smart teachers.Yes, I do. / No, I dont.Yes, we do. / No, we dontYes, they do. / No, they dont.

7、新概念第一冊語法講解：如今完成時如今完成時構(gòu)成：主語+助動詞have, has+過去分詞用法：1) 表示過去發(fā)生的和如今有某種聯(lián)絡(luò)的動作，常和just, usually, already, since等時間副詞連用。I have just had lunch. (飽了，不用再吃了。)He has had a cup of tea.(不渴了，不用再喝。)They have already had their holiday. (不能再度假了。)The boy has already read the book. (已經(jīng)知道書的內(nèi)容了，不用再看了。)2) 詢問別人是否做過某事一般用如今完成時：Ha

8、ve you finished your homework?Have you been to Beijing?Have he seen the film?3) 表示開場于過去并持續(xù)到如今的動作I have lived in Beijing for twenty years.I have worked for this school for 1 year.4) 表示一種經(jīng)歷，經(jīng)歷：去過地方，做過事情，經(jīng)歷過事情I have never had a bath.I have never seen a film.I have never been to cinema.I have ever been

9、to Paris.Have been to表示去過，have gone to 表示去了I have been to London.(人已經(jīng)回來)He has gone to London.(人還在那里)5) 表示一種結(jié)果， 一般不和時間副詞聯(lián)用I have lost my pen.I have hurt myself.He has bee a teacher.She has broken my heart.句型變化：Have you lost your pen? I have not lost my pen.Yes, I have. / No, I have not.What have you

10、 done?What has he done?一般過去時與如今完成時的區(qū)別：但凡有明確的表示過去的時間狀語的句子為過去時。注意：有些動詞表示的動作有一個終點，不能再延續(xù)，因此不能和表示一段時間狀語連用。錯：Ive left Beijing for 3 days.對：I left Beijing 3 days ago. I have been away from being for 3 days.新概念英語第一冊語法知識點：定語從句定語從句1.理解定語從句的構(gòu)成，首先應(yīng)理解一些相關(guān)的根本概念。a.被修飾的名詞等成分通常叫做先行詞;b.連接先行詞和定語從句的詞為關(guān)系詞。2.定語從句由關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系

11、副詞和關(guān)系限定詞三類關(guān)系詞連接而成，這三種也將在定語從句講解中一一說明。定語從句講解關(guān)系詞的詳細(xì)用法1.關(guān)系代詞 which，who，whom，that 和 as2.關(guān)系代詞，顧名思義，必有代替對象。上述五個關(guān)系代詞各有其詳細(xì)指代對象，在從句中作相應(yīng)的成分。此外，它們引導(dǎo)的定語從句和先行詞是形容詞與名詞的修飾關(guān)系。例句及翻譯例句1:Pumas are large，cat-like animals( that/which are found in America.)【譯文】美洲獅是體形似貓的大型動物，產(chǎn)于美洲。【注解】關(guān)系代詞作從句主語，不可省略。例句2:The house (that/whic

12、h we built last year) is very attractive.【譯文】我們?nèi)ツ杲ㄔ斓姆孔雍苡懭讼矚g?！咀⒔狻筷P(guān)系代詞作從句賓語，可省略。例句3:The novel (with/which most of you are familiar) has been adapted for thescreen.【譯文】你們大多數(shù)都很熟悉的那部小說已被改編搬上了熒屏?！咀⒔狻筷P(guān)系代詞直接置于介詞后作介詞賓語，此時不可被that交換，也不可省略。例句4:He was no longer the reckless young man( that/which he was two years

13、ago).【譯文】他不再是兩年前那個莽撞的小伙子了?！咀⒔狻筷P(guān)系代詞作從句表語，可省略;此外，先行詞the young man代表一種狀態(tài)，屬物的范疇，不能用who來引導(dǎo)定語從句。例句5:Migrant workers(to whom much more attention has been paid) strongly desirethat their wages should be duly paid.【譯文】如今民工受到了社會更大的關(guān)注，他們強烈渴望自己的工資可以及時發(fā)放?！咀⒔狻筷P(guān)系代詞直接置于介詞后作介詞賓語，此時不可被who交換，也不可省略。例句6:Such acmodations

14、(as they could find) were generally expensive.【譯文】他們可以找到的這些住所費用往往比擬昂貴?！咀⒔狻恐赃x擇關(guān)系代詞as引導(dǎo)定語從句，是因為前面有such之故。例句7:Such inns(as there were in the mountains) were generally poor.【譯文】這些山區(qū)里的酒館條件往往比擬糟糕?！咀⒔狻恐赃x擇關(guān)系代詞as引導(dǎo)定語從句，是因為前面有such之故。 例句8:This is the same mosquito(as bit you just now).【譯文】這只蚊子和剛剛咬你的那只是同一種蚊

15、子。【注解】之所以選擇關(guān)系代詞as引導(dǎo)定語從句，是因為前面有the same之故。定語從句講解小結(jié)：(1)一般來講，which和that用來替代指物的先行詞，在定語從句中可作主語、賓語或表語(that不能作介詞后面的賓語who替代指人的先行詞，在定語從句中作主語或賓語(但不能作介詞后面的賓語whom是who的賓格形式，替代指人的先行詞，在定語從句中只能作賓 語;as作為關(guān)系代詞，只能用于一些特殊搭配(such. as/thesame. as)。(2)that既可指物也可指人，但在當(dāng)代英語中，多指物。(3)當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在限制性定語從句中作賓語或表語時，經(jīng)常可省略，但當(dāng)which，whom 緊跟在介

16、詞后那么不可省略。例如：Is that the man(with whom you are going to set up a law firm)?Is that the man(who/whom)(you are going to set up a law firm with)?只能用that的情形a.領(lǐng)先行詞為 all,much,anything, something, nothing,everything, little,none 等不定代詞，或先行詞被all，any，every等不定代詞修飾時，只能用that替代指物的先行詞。例如：Thata all(that I ask for).【

17、譯文】這就是我要的一切。Is there anything(that I can do for you) ?【譯文】我可以為您效勞嗎?Every tearo(that intends to participate in the contest) is to submit a feeof 2000.【譯文】每一個意欲參加比賽的隊伍都應(yīng)該繳納兩千元的費用。b.先行詞被形容詞最髙級修飾，或被the only,the first,the last,the next,thevery等修飾時，只能用that替代指物的先行詞。例如： He eats the finest food(that is avail

18、able).【譯文】他吃的是所提供的最精巧的食物。The first case of bird flu( that was reported in Thailand) captured theattention of officials with WHO.【譯文】泰閏報道的例禽流感引起了世界衛(wèi)生組織官員們的注意。This is the very book(that I have been hunting for a long time).【譯文】這就是我長期以來一直尋找的那本書。c.先行詞既包括人，又包括物時。例如：He is always talking brilliantly of the

19、 book and author(that interestedhim)【譯文】他對那本書及其作者很感興趣，總是興高采烈地議論著他們。 We were deeply impressed by the school and its teachers (that we hadvisited there).【譯文】我們訪問的學(xué)校和教師給我們留下了深入的印象。(5)只能用which的情形a.用于介詞之后(可參見A例句3)。b.用于非限制定語從句中。新概念英語第一冊語法知識點：名詞性從句名詞性從句在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞性從句 (Noun Clauses)。 名詞性從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組，它在復(fù)

20、合句中能擔(dān)任主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語等，因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語法功能，名詞性從句又可分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。分類引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類：連詞(5個)：that (本身無意義。引導(dǎo)單一的賓語從句時that?？墒÷裕龑?dǎo)主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句時that通常不被省略)whether,if (均表示“是否”說明從句內(nèi)容的不確定性)as if ,as though (均表示“好似”，“似乎”)以上在從句中均不充當(dāng)任何成分連接代詞(10個)：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whomever, whose,whosever,wh