外研版高中英語選修7《module 3 literature》教案

1、Module3LiteraturePartTwoTeachingResourcesSection1BackgroundreadingsforModule3LiteratureI.CharlesDickensDickenssnovelscombinebrutalitywithfairy-talefantasy;sharp,realistic,concretedetailwithromance,farce,andmelodrama.;theordinarywiththestrange.Theyrangethroughthecomic,tender,dramatic,sentimental,grot

2、esque,melodramatic,horrible,eccentric,mysterious,violent,romantic,andmorallyearnest.ThoughDickenswasawareofwhathisreaderswantedandwasdeterminedtomakeasmuchmoneyashecouldwithhiswriting,hebelievednovelshadamoralpurposetoarouseinnatemoralsentimentsandtoencouragevirtuousbehaviorinreaders.Itwashismoralpu

3、rposethatledtheLondonTimestocallDickensthegreatestinstructoroftheNineteenthCenturyinhisobituary.Alwaysconcernedtomakemoneywithhiswritings,Dickenstookseriouslythenegativeresponsemanyreadershadtohisdarkernovels.Hedeliberatelyaddressedtheirdiscontent(不滿)whenhe,wroteGreatExpectationswhichheaffirmedwaswr

4、itteninamostsingularandcomicmanner.Duringhislifetime,CharlesDickenswasthemostfamouswriterinEuropeandAmerica.WhenhevisitedAmericatogiveaseriesoflectures,hisadmirersfollowedhim,waitedoutsidehishotel,peeredinwindowsathim,andharassedhiminrailwaycars.Intheirenthusiasm,Dickenssadmirersbehavedverymuchliket

5、hefansofasuperstartoday.II.Dickensassessmentofhumanaffairs(fromATaleofTwoCities)1Itwasthebestoftimes,itwastheworstoftimes,itwastheageofwisdom,itwastheageoffoolishness,itwastheepochofbelief,itwastheepochofincredulity,itwastheseasonofLight,itwastheseasonofDarkness,itwasthespringofhope,itwasthewinterof

6、despair,wehadeverythingbeforeus,wehadnothingbeforeus,wewereallgoingdirecttoHeaven,wewereallgoingdirecttheotherway-inshort,theperiodwassofarlikethepresentperiod,thatsomeofitsnoisiestauthoritiesinsistedonitsbeingreceived,forgoodorforevil,inthesuperlativedegreeofcomparisononly.那是最美好的時(shí)代，那是最糟糕的時(shí)代；那是智慧的年頭

7、，那是愚昧的年頭；那是信仰的時(shí)期，那是懷疑的時(shí)期；那是光明的季節(jié)，那是黑暗的季節(jié)；那是希望的春天，那是失望的冬天；我們?nèi)荚谥北继焯?，我們?nèi)荚谥北枷喾吹姆较?簡而言之，那時(shí)跟現(xiàn)在非常相象，某些最喧囂的權(quán)威堅(jiān)持要用形容詞的最高級來形容它。說它好，是最高級的；說它不好，也是最高級的。III.AboutEnglishLiteratureEnglishliteratureisproducedinEngland,fromtheintroductionofoldthEnglishbytheAnglo-Saxonsinthe5centurytothepresent.TheworksofthoseIrish

8、andScottishauthorswhoarecloselyidentifiedwithEnglishlifeandlettersarealsoconsideredpartofEnglishliterature.1.OldEnglish,orAnglo-SaxonEraThisperiodextendsfromabout450to1066,theyearoftheNormanconquest(ofEngland.TheGermanictribesfromEuropewhooverran蔓延)Englandinthe5thcentury,aftertheRomanwithdrawal,brou

9、ghtwiththemtheOldEnglish,orAnglo-Saxonlanguage,whichisthebasisofModernEnglish.Theybroughtalsoaspecificpoetictradition,theformalcharacterofwhichremainedsurprisinglyconstantuntiltheterminationoftheirrule2bytheNorman-Frenchinvaderssixcenturieslater.2.MiddleEnglishPeriodExtendingfrom1066to1485,thisperio

10、disnotedfortheextensiveinfluenceofFrenchliteratureonnativeEnglishformsandthemes.FromtheNormanconquestofEnglandin1066untilthe14thcentury,FrenchlargelyreplacedEnglishinordinaryliterarycomposition,andLatinmaintaineditsroleasthelanguageoflearnedworks.Bythe14thcentury,whenEnglishagainbecamethechosenlangu

11、ageoftherulingclasses,ithadlostmuchoftheOldEnglishinflectionalsystem,hadundergonecertainsoundchanges,andhadacquiredthecharacteristicitstillpossessesoffreelytakingintothenativestocknumbersofforeignwords,inthiscaseFrenchandLatinones.Thus,thevariousdialectsofMiddleEnglishspokeninthe14thcenturyweresimil

12、artoModernEnglishandcanbereadwithoutgreatdifficultytoday.3.TheRenaissance(文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期)(AgoldenageofEnglishliteraturecommenced開始)in1485andlasteduntil1660.MalorysLemortedArthurwasamongthefirstworkstobeprintedbyWilliamCaxton,whointroducedtheprintingpresstoEnglandin1476.Fromthattimeon,readershipwasvastlymult

13、iplied.Thegrowthofthemiddleclass,thecontinuingdevelopmentoftrade,thenewcharacterandthoroughness(完全)ofeducationforlaypeople(非神職人員)andnotonlyclergy(神職人員),thecentralizationofpowerandofmuchintellectuallifeinthecourtoftheTudorandStuartmonarchs,andthewideninghorizonsofexplorationgaveafundamentalnewimpetus

14、(促進(jìn))anddirectiontoliterature.Thenewliteratureneverthelessdidnotfullyflourishuntilthelast20yearsofthe1500s,duringthereignofQueenElizabethI.Literarydevelopmentintheearlierpartofthe316thcenturywasweakenedbythediversionofintellectualenergiestothepolemics(辯論法)ofthereligiousstrugglebetweentheRomanCatholic

15、ChurchandtheChurchofEngland,aproductoftheReformation.4.TheRestorationPeriodandthe18thCenturyThisperiodextendsfrom1660,theyearCharlesIIwasrestoredtothethrone,untilabout1789.TheprevailingcharacteristicoftheliteratureoftheRenaissancehadbeenitsreliance(依靠)onpoeticinspirationorwhattodaymightbecalledimagi

16、nation.TheinspiredconceptionsofMarlowe,Shakespeare,andMilton,thetrueoriginalityofSpenser,andthedaringpoeticstyleofDonneallsupportthisgeneralization.Furthermore,althoughnearlyallthesepoetshadbeenfarmorebound(限制)byformalandstylisticconventionsthanmodernpoetsare,theyhaddevelopedalargevarietyofformsando

17、frichorexuberant(豐富的)stylesintowhichindividualpoeticexpressionmightfit.5.TheRomanticAgeExtendingfromabout1789until1837,theRomanticagestressedemotionoverreason.OneobjectiveoftheFrenchRevolutionwastodestroyanoldertraditionthathadcometoseemartificial,andtoasserttheliberty,spirit,andheartfeltunityoftheh

18、umanrace.TomanywritersoftheRomanticagethisobjectiveseemedequallyappropriateinthefieldofEnglishletters.Inaddition,theRomanticageinEnglishliteraturewascharacterizedbythesubordinationofreasontointuition(直覺)andpassion,thecultofnaturemuchasthewordisnowunderstoodandnotasPopeunderstoodit,theprimacy(首位)ofth

19、eindividualwilloversocialnormsofbehavior,thepreferencefortheillusionofimmediateexperienceasopposedtogeneralizedandtypicalexperience,andtheinterestinwhatisdistantintimeandplace.46.TheVictorianEraTheVictorianera,fromthecoronation(加冕禮)ofQueenVictoriain1837untilherdeathin1901,wasaneraofseveralunsettling

20、socialdevelopmentsthatforcedwritersmorethaneverbeforetotakepositionsontheimmediateissuesanimatingtherestofsociety.Thus,althoughromanticformsofexpressioninpoetryandprose(散文)continuedtodominateEnglishliteraturethroughoutmuchofthecentury,theattentionofmanywriterswasdirected,sometimespassionately,tosuch

21、issuesasthegrowthofEnglishdemocracy(民主主義),theeducationofthemasses,theprogressofindustrialenterpriseandtheconsequentriseofamaterialistic(唯物主義的)philosophy,andtheplight(困境)ofthenewlyindustrializedworker.Inaddition,theunsettlingofreligiousbeliefbynewadvancesinscience,particularlythetheoryofevolutionandthehistoricalstudyoft