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1、哈佛大學(xué)英語(yǔ)系研究,美國(guó)布什推薦。專為中小學(xué)生英語(yǔ)量身定做。官方網(wǎng)站: HYPERLINK / / 哈佛大學(xué)英語(yǔ)教授研究組提供初一英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法 Unit 1 名詞英語(yǔ)的十大詞類詞類 英語(yǔ)名稱 作用 例詞名詞 Noun(n.) 表示人或事物的名稱 pen cake形容詞 Adjective(a.) 表示人或事物的特征 bad small 副詞 Adverb(ad.) 修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞或其它副詞 very quickly 動(dòng)詞 Verbs 表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài) study be 代詞 Pronouns(pron.) 代替名詞、數(shù)詞等 they one 數(shù)詞 Numerals(num.) 表示數(shù)量或順序 fi
2、ve ten冠詞 Articles(art.) 限制名詞的意義 a an the 介詞 Prepositions(prep.) 表示名詞、代詞和其它詞的關(guān)系 in for of 連詞 Conjunction(conj.) 連結(jié)詞與詞或句與句 and because 感嘆詞 Interjection(interj.) 表示說(shuō)話時(shí)的感情或口氣 oh hey 名詞的種類專有名詞國(guó)名、地點(diǎn)、人名等 America 美國(guó),Shanghai 上海,the Great Wall 長(zhǎng)城,Jenney (珍妮) 團(tuán)體、機(jī)構(gòu)的名稱等 the United Nations 聯(lián)合國(guó),the Communist Par
3、ty of China 中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨 普通名詞可數(shù)名詞個(gè)體名詞 doctor 醫(yī)生,teacher 老師,orange 桔子,desk 課桌 集合名詞 Police 警察,people 人民,family 家庭,army 軍隊(duì) class 同學(xué)不可數(shù)名詞抽象名詞 Time 時(shí)間fun 玩笑,kindness 善意,idea 主意,youth 青春 , love 愛(ài) , knowledge 知識(shí)動(dòng)名詞studying doing swimming物質(zhì)名詞 rice 大米,water 水,fire 火,air 空氣 1.there are by the lakea.two German b. two
4、 Germen c. two Germans d. two germans2.September 10th is a. Teachers Day b. Teachers Day c. teachers Day d. Teachers day3.Where are you from?Im from a. America b. American c. america d. an America4.There is some on the plate a.breads b.bread c.breades d. milk一般名詞復(fù)數(shù)構(gòu)成法構(gòu)成法例詞一般情況下,在名詞單數(shù)形式的詞尾加sbool-book
5、s, day-days, desk-desks以s,x,,ch,sh,結(jié)尾的名詞,在詞尾加esclass-classes, box-boxes, match-matches, wish- wishes以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞,將y變成i后加escity-cities, country-countries, factory-factories以f或fe結(jié)尾的名詞,一般將f或fe變成v后,再加esleaf-leaves, wife-wives, life- lives, thief-thieves, knife-knivies, half-halves, shelf-shelves以輔音字母加o結(jié)
6、尾的名詞,一般在詞尾加eshero-heroes, Negro-Negroes, potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes1.絕大多數(shù)的可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式,是在該詞末尾加上后輟-s。 讀音變化:結(jié)尾是清輔音讀s,結(jié)尾是濁輔音或元音讀z。 例:friendfriends; catcats; stylestyles; sportsports; piecepieces比如:I have many friends in my childhood 2.凡是以s、z、x、ch、sh結(jié)尾的詞,在該詞末尾加上后輟-es構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)。 讀音變化:統(tǒng)一加讀iz。 例:busbuses; qui
7、zquizzes; foxfoxes; matchmatches; flashflashesThere are many buses in the street3.以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的名詞,將y改變?yōu)閕,再加-es。 讀音變化:加讀z。citycities countrycountries factory-factories 4.去f,fe 加ves,如:halfhalvesknifeknivesleafleaves wolfwolveswifewives lifelives thiefthieves;5. 以o 結(jié)尾的名詞,變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí):加es,如:potatopotatoestomatotom
8、atoes hero-heroes negro-negroes1. turn green in springa.leaf b. leave c, leaves d, leafs2 are very useful to pupils.a. radio b. radios c. radioes d. a radio 它們是:photophotospianopianos radioradioszoozoos; c. 均可,如:zerozeros / zeroes以y結(jié)尾的專有名詞,或元音字母+y 結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),直接加s變復(fù)數(shù):如: Marys the Henrys(亨利的一家人) monkey
9、monkeys holidayholidays比較:層樓:storey storeys storystories 以f或fe 結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)的一般情況的單詞:加s,如 beliefbeliefsroofroofs safesafes gulfgulfs;c. 均可,如:handkerchief:handkerchiefs / handkerchieves某些名詞的不規(guī)則復(fù)數(shù)形式構(gòu)成法構(gòu)成法例詞變內(nèi)部元音book-books, day-days, desk-desks詞尾加(r)enclass-classes, box-boxes, match-matches, wish- wishes單復(fù)
10、數(shù)同形city-cities, country-countries, factory-factories有些名詞用于某一些含義時(shí)通常只有復(fù)數(shù)形式leaf-leaves, wife-wives, life- lives, thief-thieves, knife-knives, half-halves, shelf-shelves有些名詞是單數(shù)形式,但一般作復(fù)數(shù)對(duì)待hero-heroes, Negro-Negroes, potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes1.變內(nèi)部元音的單詞:常見(jiàn)的主要有manmen womanwomen footfeet mousemice too
11、thteeth注意:與man和woman構(gòu)成的合成詞,其復(fù)數(shù)形式也是-men 和-women.The are operating him on his leg woman doctor b. women doctor c. woman doctors d.women doctors2.詞尾加ren 的復(fù)數(shù)形式childchildren 3.單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞,deer,sheep,fish, work, Chinese,JapaneseThe farmer has ten a. sheeps b. deers c. cows d. chicken3)集合名詞,以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn),但實(shí)為復(fù)數(shù),如:pe
12、ople、police、cattle 等本身就是復(fù)數(shù),想說(shuō)一個(gè)人,一個(gè)警察,一頭牛,不能說(shuō)a people a police a cattle但可以說(shuō):a person,a policeman,a head of cattle,Almost every family in the village a television.a. have b. having c. has d . have to All my family swimming 我全家都喜歡游泳a. like b,likes c. likeing d. like to4復(fù)數(shù)形式有時(shí)可表示特別意思,如:goodgoods貨物,wate
13、rwaters水域,sweetsweets(糖果)等,比如electrical goods 電器商品. a goods train鐵路貨車(chē)等等。The English,the British,the French,the Chinese,the Japanese,the Swiss 等名詞,表示國(guó)民總稱時(shí),作復(fù)數(shù)用。如:The Chinese are industries and brave.中國(guó)人民是勤勞勇敢的。如:an Englishman,two Englishmen. 但German不是合成詞,故復(fù)數(shù)形式為Germans;Bowman是姓,其復(fù)數(shù)是the Bowmans. li,jin
14、,yuan,two li,three mu,four jin但除人民幣元、角、分外,美元、英鎊、法郎等都有復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:a dollar,two dollars;a meter,two meters4)以s結(jié)尾,仍為單數(shù)的名詞,如:a. maths,politics,physics等學(xué)科名詞,為不可數(shù)名詞,是單數(shù)。b. news是不可數(shù)名詞。c. the United States,the United Nations 應(yīng)視為單數(shù)。The United Nations was organized in 1945. 聯(lián)合國(guó)是1945年組建起來(lái)的。d. 以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的書(shū)名,劇名,報(bào)紙,雜志名,也
15、可視為單數(shù)?!癟he Arabian Nights” is a very interesting story-book.是一本非常有趣的故事書(shū)。5) 表示由兩部分構(gòu)成的東西,如:glasses(眼鏡)、trousers若表達(dá)具體數(shù)目,要借助數(shù)量詞 pair(對(duì),雙);suit(套);a pair of glasses;two pairs of trousers名稱 總稱(謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù))一個(gè)人 兩個(gè)人中國(guó)人the Chinesea Chinese two Chinese瑞士人the Swissa Swiss two Swiss澳大利亞人the Australiansa Australian two
16、 Australians 俄國(guó)人the Russiansa Russiantwo Russians意大利人the Italians an Italian two Italians希臘人the Greek a Greektwo Greeks法國(guó)人the Frencha Frenchmantwo Frenchmen日本人the Japanesea Japanese two Japanese美國(guó)人the Americansan Americantwo Americans印度人the Indiansan Indian two Indians加拿大人the Canadiansa Canadian two
17、 Canadians德國(guó)人the Germansa Germanstwo Germans英國(guó)人the Englishan Englishmantwo Englishmen瑞典人the Swedisha Swedetwo Swedes表格(復(fù)合詞復(fù)數(shù))復(fù)合名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)有三種情況通常只將里面所包含的主體名詞變成復(fù)數(shù)passer-bypassers-by(過(guò)路人), looker-onlookers(旁觀者); brother-in-lawbrothers-in-law(姐夫)無(wú)主體名詞者,在最后一個(gè)詞上加復(fù)數(shù)詞尾grown-upgrown-ups(成年人)由man或woman加一個(gè)其他名詞構(gòu)成的復(fù)
18、合名詞時(shí),兩個(gè)都變復(fù)數(shù)woman doctor-women doctors(女醫(yī)生); man servant-men servants(男服務(wù)員)A piece of paper -two pieces of paper 兩張紙A glass of orange juice-two glasses of orange juice 兩杯橙汁1.lucy has much and many .a.mutton ; pear b. muttons; pears c . mutton ; pears d. pear ; muttons 2.Id like a. three glasses of wa
19、ter b. three glass of waters c. three glass of water d. three glasses of waters單數(shù)名詞和不以-s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞在詞尾加s構(gòu)成所有格,主要用于有生命的東西。比如說(shuō)the monkeys tail the boys toy the Childrens DAY比如:ten minutes walk Beijings map 等等,都是可以的阿。比如:for friendships sake(為了友情),at ones fingers tip(手頭上有),等等2. 名詞+ of +名詞 比如說(shuō):The gate of th
20、e factory ,工廠的大門(mén) the window of the room,房間的窗子。例如: The woman dressed in blue is Mary and Alices mother那個(gè)穿藍(lán)衣服的婦女是瑪麗和愛(ài)麗絲的母親。 The women dressed in blue and Mary sand Alices mothers對(duì)比一下這兩句話是什么意思呢3.雙重所有格 所謂“雙重所有格(double genitive)”,是指名詞所有格或名詞性物主代詞同of構(gòu)成的所有格,即“of名詞所有格”。雙重所有格有這樣一個(gè)特征: “of名詞所有格”中的名詞必須表示人,不能表示事物
21、。因此,我們可以說(shuō):a play ofShakespeares(莎士比亞的一個(gè)戲劇), a friend of my wifes(我妻子的一個(gè)朋友),但卻不能說(shuō)a funnel of the ships或 a leg of a tables,而且該名詞必須是特指的,不能是泛指的。比如我們可以說(shuō),a friend of the doctors(這位醫(yī)生的一個(gè)朋友),a novel of the writers(那位作者的一部小說(shuō)),而不能說(shuō)a friend of a doctors或 a novel of a writers。 好的,同學(xué)們接下來(lái)我們做一下題來(lái)練習(xí)一下:17. would you
22、 please show me the way to the _shop? A. shoes B. shoes C. shoe D. shoes18. whose room is this? Its _ A. Toms and Johns B. Tom and Johns C. Toms and John D. Tom and John19. Mr. smith is_ A. My fathers a friend B. a my fathers friend C. a friend of my father D. one friend my father20. It is _from the
23、 museum. A. five minutes walk B. five minutes walk C. a hours walk D. fivehours walkUnit 2 代詞代替名詞, 形容詞或數(shù)詞等的詞我們就稱之為代詞。我們代詞呢從大體上分為這么幾大類:: 1) 人稱代詞5) 疑問(wèn)代詞 2) 物主代詞6) 連接代詞 3) 指示代詞7) 關(guān)系代詞 4) 反身代詞8) 不定代詞 9)復(fù)合代詞 代詞人稱代詞(主格)I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they (賓格)me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them物主代詞(形容詞性)my
24、, your, his, her, its, our, your, their (名詞性)mine, yours, his, its, ours, yours, theirs反身代詞myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves指示代詞this, that, these, those疑問(wèn)代詞what, who, whom, whose, which不定代詞some,any,many,much,little,few,both,all,every,each,no,either,other,o
25、thers,someone,anything,nothing復(fù)合代詞 something, somebody, anything, nobodythis that , those, these指示代詞在句中作主語(yǔ), 賓語(yǔ), 表語(yǔ), 等等比如That is a red car.那是一輛紅色汽車(chē)。 Which do you like? I like this.,你喜歡哪一個(gè)? 我喜歡這個(gè) 疑問(wèn)代詞:表示“誰(shuí)(who),誰(shuí) (whom),誰(shuí)的(whose),什么(what), 哪個(gè)或哪些 (which)”等詞叫疑問(wèn)代詞。 疑問(wèn)代詞的用法: 疑問(wèn)代詞用于特殊疑問(wèn)句中,疑問(wèn)代詞一般放在句子的最前面。Wh
26、o is that in blue dress? 穿著藍(lán)色裙子的那個(gè)人是誰(shuí)? Whom are you looking for? 你在找誰(shuí)。all, any, another, both, each, every, either, every, few, little, many, much, no, none, either, one, other, some以及由 some, any, no, every 和 body, one, thing 構(gòu)成的復(fù)合詞。比如說(shuō)Thats all I know. 這就是我知道的。some any的主要用法Do you have any books? 你有
27、書(shū)嗎? I have some books。 You can come at any time. 你什么時(shí)候都可以來(lái)。sometimes some time sometime do you want some coffee? 喝點(diǎn)咖啡嗎?或would you please give me some bread? 復(fù)合代詞thingbodyonewhereeveryeverythingeverybodyeveryoneeverywheresomesomethingsomebodysomeonesomewhereanyanythinganybodyanyoneanywherenonothingno
28、bodynonenowhere練習(xí):5. The maths problem _ is wrong. A. himself B. ourselves C. itself D. herself 6. “Whos that at the door?” “ _ is John.” A. it B. he C. this D. she4.Wont you have _ tea? A. any B. a C. some D. every 5. Here are trees on _ sides of road. A. both B. either C. each D. every16. _ of us
29、would agree with you. A. Someone B. No one C. Nobody D. None19. _ is knocking at the door.A. One B. Someone C. Anyone D. Something17. Dont eat _ food. A. too many B. too much C. much too D. many too18. _ of them is on the team. A. neither B. nobody C. both D. all人稱代詞人稱單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)主格賓格主格賓格第一人稱Ime we us第二人稱yo
30、u you you you 第三人稱hehimtheythemsheheritit可以作主語(yǔ),舉個(gè)例子:I like English very much 比如:It was he who went to Beijing last year. 去年去過(guò)北京的就是他大家可以記憶一下阿這些人稱的賓格形式:比如 I can help you.比如who is it ?,its me !第一人稱單數(shù)代詞 I(我) 不論在什么地方都要大寫(xiě)。 比如:這個(gè)句子例:I study English every day. 我天天學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。 2.當(dāng)?shù)谝蝗朔Q與第二,第三人稱同時(shí)用在句子中的時(shí)候,請(qǐng)大家注意一個(gè)常識(shí)要點(diǎn):
31、人稱代詞的排列順序 英語(yǔ)中,當(dāng)說(shuō)話者(I或we)提到自己和別人時(shí),習(xí)慣上常把自己擺在最后一個(gè)位置,以表示謙虛和禮貌。例如:You, she and I passed the exam.我、你和她都通過(guò)了考試。 在承認(rèn)錯(cuò)誤或自我批評(píng)時(shí),說(shuō)話者有時(shí)也把自己居于其他人稱之前: I and he are to blame. 我和他都要受批評(píng)。 You and I是固定結(jié)構(gòu),即使在承認(rèn)錯(cuò)誤時(shí),詞序也不變化。例如: You and I are to blame. 我和你都要受批評(píng)。 we, they的特殊用法 we, they有時(shí)并非指特定的人,翻譯時(shí)不必譯出來(lái)。例如: We have a heavy s
32、now today.昨天下了一場(chǎng)大雪。 They speak English in America. 在中國(guó),人們說(shuō)漢語(yǔ)。 she的特殊用法 she除了指女性外,還可以用來(lái)指月亮、大地、船只等自然界的東西。例如: The moon is shining brightly tonight. She looks like a cake. 今晚的月光很亮,她好像個(gè)月餅。 she 常常代替國(guó)家, 城市, 寵物等,表示一種親密或愛(ài)撫的感情。 I live in China。 She is a great country. 我住在中國(guó)。 她是一個(gè)偉大的國(guó)家。 it的特殊用法 it表示人以外的單數(shù)東西或動(dòng)物
33、,意為“它”。例如: Wheres my pencil-box? 我的鉛筆呢? Its over there. 它在那兒。 指代天氣 Whats the weather like today? 今天天氣如何? Its rainy. 有雨。 指代時(shí)間 What time is it ? 幾點(diǎn)了? Its seven oclock. 七點(diǎn)了。 指代距離 How far is it from here? 離這兒多遠(yuǎn)? 作形式主語(yǔ) Its good to take some exercise. 多鍛煉有好處。 作形式賓語(yǔ) I found it very easy to speak English.我發(fā)
34、現(xiàn)講英語(yǔ)很容易。 it 有時(shí)也可指人。 Who is it? Its me. Open the door, please. 是我,請(qǐng)開(kāi)門(mén)。 反身代詞數(shù)第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱單數(shù)myselfyourselfhimself, herself, itself,復(fù)數(shù)ourselvesyourselvesthemselves反身代詞在句中的作用1. 作主語(yǔ)的同位語(yǔ)。 例:He himself wrote the words and music of the songs. 他自己作詞譜曲。 2. 作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)。 例:I teach myself English. 我教我自己英語(yǔ) 3. 作表語(yǔ) 例:Tha
35、t poor boy was myself. 那個(gè)可憐的孩子就是我。 練習(xí)題:1. I look at _ in the mirror.A. me B. myself C. mine D. my own 2. _ books are on the desk.A. I B. His C. Mine D. Hers 3. The moon is high up in the sky. How beautiful _ is! A. we B. I C. she D. they 物主代詞類別單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱形容詞性物主代詞myyourhisheritsouryo
36、urtheir名詞性物主代詞mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs漢語(yǔ)我的你的他的她的它的我們的你們的他們的形容詞性物主代詞具有形容詞性,在句子中:不能做主語(yǔ):作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞:舉例I love my parents.我愛(ài)我的父母。 Is this your pen? 這是你的汽車(chē)嗎? Someone is waiting for you, his name is Xiaoming. 有人在等你,他的名字是小明。 注意:只有形容詞性的物主代詞與名詞連用的時(shí)候才可以做句子中的主語(yǔ)成分,但他還是定語(yǔ)成分,修飾這個(gè)名詞名詞性的物主代詞可用作主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ),表語(yǔ)以及與of 連接
37、的定語(yǔ)。 My bike is red, and yours is green. 我的自行車(chē)是紅色,你的是綠色That car is mine, not yours. 那輛汽車(chē)是我的,不是你的。 These books are ours. 這些書(shū)是我們的。 Whose bag is it? Its hers. 這是誰(shuí)的書(shū)包? 是她的。 His 的用法:名詞性物主代詞和形容詞性物主代詞同型。注意這個(gè)形式,注意在句子中的用法,根據(jù)句意進(jìn)行選擇看題:1. Classroom is on the first floor ,and is on the second floor.a. yours ours
38、 b.your ours c.yours our d. you we2. This is cup. is over there.A. hers your B. my yours C. his I D. her you 3. He was a friend of A. I B. our C. mine D. my 4. I dont like A. his those friends B. those his friends C. those friends of him D. those friends of his疑問(wèn)代詞及在句中的成分: 疑問(wèn)代詞who誰(shuí)、主格,問(wèn)身份做主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)whom誰(shuí)
39、,賓格做賓語(yǔ)whose誰(shuí)的,所有格做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)what什么,問(wèn)物或職業(yè)同whosewhich哪個(gè),有“選擇”之意,單復(fù)數(shù)同whoseWhose what 主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ),表語(yǔ),定語(yǔ)疑問(wèn)代詞在句中的作用: who: 例:who told you that news? 誰(shuí)告訴你那個(gè)消息?(做主語(yǔ)) who is that? 那時(shí)誰(shuí)? (作表語(yǔ)) whom: 例:whom(who) did you see in the park? 你在公園里見(jiàn)了誰(shuí)? (作賓語(yǔ)) 例:whose is better? 誰(shuí)的好一些? (作主語(yǔ)) whose is it? 這是誰(shuí)的? (作表語(yǔ)) what: 例:
40、whats your father? 你父親是干什么的? (作表語(yǔ)) what happened next? 接下來(lái)發(fā)生了什么事情? (作主語(yǔ)) what do you mean? 你是什么意思? (作賓語(yǔ)) what time shall we meet again? 我們幾時(shí)再碰頭? (作定語(yǔ)) Unit3 數(shù)詞基數(shù)詞one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, teneleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen等twenty,
41、 thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, eighty, ninety, one hundred, two hundred等序數(shù)詞first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth, tenth等eleventh, twelfth, twentieth, twenty-firstthirtieth, fortieth, fiftieth, sixtieth, seventieth, eightieth等二基數(shù)詞的講解1112的基數(shù)詞是獨(dú)立的單詞,即: one,t
42、wo,three,four,five,six,seven,eight, nine,ten,eleven,twelve。 21319的基數(shù)詞以-teen結(jié)尾。如: fourteen,seventeen等,但13,15,18較特殊, 13thirteen 15fifteen 18eighteen。 32090的整十位均以-ty結(jié)尾。如: sixty, ninety,但20,30,40,50,80較特殊, 20twenty 30thirty 40forty 50fifty 80eighty。 4十位數(shù)與個(gè)位數(shù)之間要加連字符號(hào)“-”,如:28twenty-eight,96ninety-six。 5百位
43、和十位(若無(wú)十位則和個(gè)位)之間加and,如:148one hundred and forty-eight 4four hundred and six。 (108怎么說(shuō))6hundred(百),thousand(千),million(百萬(wàn)),billion(十億)等前面即使有具體的數(shù)詞,也不能在它們的后面加s。如:600six hundred,8百萬(wàn)eight million。 hundred,thousand,million用復(fù)數(shù)形式修飾名詞時(shí)要用“of復(fù)數(shù)名詞”,如:數(shù)以百計(jì)的年輕人hundreds of young people;數(shù)以千計(jì)的書(shū)thousands of books。注意:hu
44、ndreds of thousands ofmillions of 復(fù)數(shù)名詞,其前面不能加具體的數(shù)詞,但可加several或 many。 71000以上的數(shù)字,從后往前數(shù)每三位加一個(gè)逗號(hào)“,”第一個(gè)逗號(hào)前為千(thousand),第二個(gè)逗號(hào)前為百萬(wàn)(million),第三個(gè)逗號(hào)前為billion(十億)。英語(yǔ)中無(wú)“萬(wàn)”這個(gè)詞,我們可以用“幾十個(gè)千(thousand)”表示幾萬(wàn),“幾百個(gè)千(thousand)”表示“幾十萬(wàn)”。如:2,510two thousand five hundred and ten;84,296eight-four thousand twohundred and nine
45、ty-six;274,350two hundred and seventy-four thousand three hundred and fifty。翻譯成英文的時(shí)候,十億,百萬(wàn),千之間直接連接,不用and,只有百和十位或個(gè)位之間用and,舉例:1234567 9基數(shù)詞單數(shù)名詞形容詞構(gòu)成合成形容詞。如:一個(gè)五歲的女孩a five-year-old girl. 女子800米接力girls800-metre relay race。 連詞時(shí),后面的名詞無(wú)復(fù)數(shù)變化句型: The Changjiang River is 6,300 kilometres long 無(wú)連字符時(shí) ,注意序數(shù)詞的講解: 口訣
46、:“1,2,3”特殊記,加th從4起,8少t,9少e,千萬(wàn)別忘記,逢5逢12,ve變t;20道90,y要變ie;若是幾十幾,前基后序別忘記。 1. There are _in our school. A. a five hundred students B. five hundreds students C. five hundred students D. a five hundreds students2. Nineteen is smaller than _. A. eighteen B. forty C. eleven D. twelve3. Whats eight plus two?
47、 Its _ A. twelve B. eleven C. six D. ten4. Whats twelve minus nine? Its _ A. there B. twenty-one C. fifteen D. eleven5. In an hour there are _minutes. A. there hundred and sixty B. twenty-four C. sixty D. there hundreds and sixty8. The boy is_.A. the years six B. six year old C. sixth years D. six y
48、ears old數(shù)詞的應(yīng)用:時(shí)間的數(shù)字表達(dá)法:1.幾點(diǎn)鐘,用基數(shù)詞來(lái)表示:如:7點(diǎn)鐘its seven oclock. 以此類推。表達(dá)非整點(diǎn)時(shí)間時(shí),需要注意的事項(xiàng):用到 to past 。 to 表示的是“差,不到”P(pán)ast表示的是“過(guò),多于”。例子: 7點(diǎn)過(guò)一刻:fifteen past seven ,還有一種表達(dá)方式:A quarter past seven . 差10分7點(diǎn)鐘:ten minuts to seven to 和 past 應(yīng)用時(shí)的注意事項(xiàng):to 前的時(shí)間要小于30分鐘,past 前的時(shí)間小于、等于30分鐘。那么整半點(diǎn)的時(shí)候用half. 提問(wèn):7點(diǎn)20 分?7點(diǎn)半?7點(diǎn)45分
49、? 2另外一種表達(dá)法:與漢語(yǔ)相同表示法:如八點(diǎn)一刻:at eight fifteen 六點(diǎn)四十五分:at six forty-five3.half 的用法:表示時(shí)間時(shí),半個(gè)小時(shí):half an hour, 一個(gè)半小時(shí):兩種說(shuō)法:one hour and a half; one and a half hours.Half的其它用法:半公斤:half a kilo 半天: a half day 總結(jié)以下half的用法:half a ( an ) + 名詞; a half +名詞 表示一半年份的數(shù)字表達(dá):?jiǎn)为?dú)使用年份時(shí):用基數(shù)詞來(lái)表達(dá):如1897:eighteen ninety-seven. 199
50、8nineteen ninety-eight讀法:個(gè)位和十位都是零時(shí):讀成hundred: 1900:the year nineteen hundred. 十位是零:讀作o : 1908the year nineteen o eight 2008: 讀作:the year two thousand eight月日年共同使用時(shí):年依然用基數(shù)詞,日用序數(shù)詞 1998年10月1日October the first, nineteen ninety-eight.書(shū)寫(xiě):October 1(st) 1998, 還可寫(xiě)成: 1(st) October 1998讀法在月日這里與上一個(gè)相互調(diào)換一下即可;英國(guó)人
51、和美國(guó)人的寫(xiě)法不同,英國(guó)人習(xí)慣將日期放在前面,美國(guó)人則習(xí)慣將月份放在前。3公元前和公元的表示法:公元前225年two twenty-five B.C.( before Christ) 公元1949nineteen forty-nine A.D.( anno domini) 4與介詞之間的用法:有具體日子用on , 無(wú)日子,只有月、年或只有月,只有年in 例子:在1997年7月1日on July the first 1998 在90年代 in the 1990s ; in the 90s 1990年10月in October 1990口訣:無(wú)日添上in ,有日就用on , 年代以十計(jì),s加上去,
52、前加介詞in ,別的不再需。例題1.Its 6: 40 p.m. Yes ,its a.eighteen forty b. six forty c. six past forty d. forty past six9. Xiao Li was born in 1975. Here “1975” reads in English _ A. one, nine, seven, five B. nineteen and seven five C. nineteen seventy-five D. nineteen and seventy-five15. In our school library t
53、here are _books.A. thousand and thousand of B. thousands and thousands of C. thousands and thousand of D. thousand and thousands of能力測(cè)試: 6. My uncle was born _ A. in nineteen fifty-eight July sixteenth B. in nineteen fifty-eight sixteen JulyC. on sixteenth July nineteen fifty-eight D. on July sixtee
54、nth nineteen fifty-eight10. The table is _wide.A. three and one half feet B. three and one half footC. three and half a foot D. three and a half feet 11. Its 21:00. Yes, its nine_ A. in the evening B. clocks C. in the morning D. hours 13. My father began to learn English _A. over fifty B. in his fif
55、ties C. in his fifth D. in his fiftieth18. Tom goes to school learn _this term. A. ten past seven B. ten seven C. room first D. the one room 分?jǐn)?shù)的表達(dá)法:1分?jǐn)?shù)的組成形式:分子用基數(shù)詞,分母用序數(shù)詞。如:1/3 one third 3/4three fourths 4/5 four fifths2注意事項(xiàng) :a. 分子大于1時(shí),分母需用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 b帶分?jǐn)?shù)時(shí):先讀整數(shù)部分再讀分?jǐn)?shù)部分。如:22/3two and two thirds c. 帶分?jǐn)?shù)與名詞連
56、用時(shí):名詞在帶分?jǐn)?shù)之后的,名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式 名詞在帶分?jǐn)?shù)的整數(shù)與分?jǐn)?shù)之間時(shí),視整數(shù)的大小來(lái)變化名詞的形式 例:1-1/2tonesone and a half tones; one tone and a half 2-1/3kilometers two and a third kilometers;two kilometers and a third小數(shù)的表達(dá)法小數(shù)的表達(dá)及讀法:0.1zero point one; 0.02zero point zero two2.5two point five,等,小數(shù)均用基數(shù)詞來(lái)表示,小數(shù)點(diǎn)讀作point. 小數(shù)點(diǎn)前的數(shù)字按照基數(shù)詞的組成方式來(lái)讀,小數(shù)點(diǎn)后
57、面的數(shù)字不論有多少均按個(gè)位數(shù)來(lái)讀。如:154.163one hundred and fifty-four point one six three.2.用法。小數(shù)與名詞連用時(shí):如果小數(shù)點(diǎn)前是零,則名詞不加復(fù)數(shù);如果小數(shù)點(diǎn)前是大于等于1的,則名詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。不包括小數(shù)點(diǎn)后為零。百分?jǐn)?shù)的表達(dá)法:百分?jǐn)?shù)用per cent來(lái)表示。如: 5%five percent23.35%twentythree point three five percent.數(shù)詞的其它用法:1a +序數(shù)詞:表示“又一 ”累計(jì)數(shù)量。舉例:Would you like to come to shanghai a second time
58、?你想在來(lái)上海一次么? Do you want a third one? 你想再要一個(gè)么?數(shù)詞語(yǔ)名詞連用作復(fù)合定語(yǔ):例:five years old girl ; five-yearold-girl例題:數(shù)詞章 16. Kitty has read _of the book. A. one five B. one to five C. one fifths D. one fifth(二)能力測(cè)試 3. We have _boy. A. a 11-years-old B. an 11-years-old C. a 11-year-old D. an 11-year-old12. I have a
59、 _ A. three-years-old girls B. three-years-old girl C. three-year-old girl D. three-years-old-girl20. _of the students in our school are from the city. A. Two-three B. Two-third C. Two-thirds D. second-thirdsUnit4 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞的一般變化形式構(gòu)成方法原形第三人稱單數(shù)過(guò)去式 過(guò)去分詞現(xiàn)在分詞一般在詞尾加s、ed或ing work stayworks staysworked stayedwor
60、ked stayedworking staying以e結(jié)尾加s, d或去e加inguse hopeuse hopesused hopedused hopedusing hoping以輔音字母y結(jié)尾,y變i,再加es或ed或直接加ingstudystudiesstudiedstudiedstudying以單個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié),直接加s, 雙寫(xiě)輔音字母加ed, 加ing stop stops stoppedstopped stopping以r結(jié)尾的重讀音節(jié)、重復(fù)r后再加ed或ing,直接加s prefer prefers preferred preferred preferring以i結(jié)尾
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