【中考復(fù)習(xí)】中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法精講形容詞和副詞教案

1、2017中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法精講：形容詞和副詞【教學(xué)目標(biāo)】掌握形容詞和副詞的位置，基本用法和比較等級(jí)【教學(xué)內(nèi)容】.形容詞：表示人和事物的特征，對(duì)名詞起修飾和描繪作用（1）形容詞的位置：.形容詞在句中作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)等，作定語(yǔ)時(shí)一般放在名詞前。eg. She has short hair .（作定語(yǔ)）Paul is tall .（作表語(yǔ)）We must keep our room clean .（作賓補(bǔ)）.形容詞修飾不定代詞時(shí)放在其后。eg.She has something important to tell usThere s nothing wrong in the sentence .（

2、2）形容詞作定語(yǔ)通常前置，但在有些情況下后置，如下表：修飾 some, any, every, no 和 body, thing, nobody absent, everythingone等構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞時(shí)possible以-able, -ible結(jié)尾的形容詞可置于有最高the best book available, the級(jí)或only修飾的名詞之后only solution possiblealive, alike, awake, aware, asleep等可the only person awake以后置和空間、時(shí)間、單位連用時(shí)a bridge 50 meters long成對(duì)的形

3、容詞可以后置a huge room simple and beautiful形容詞短語(yǔ)一般后置a man difficult to get on with（3）多個(gè)形容詞修飾同一個(gè)名詞的順序：代詞數(shù)詞性狀形容詞過(guò)詞前冠詞性質(zhì)大小新舊國(guó)籍材料的形容指示代詞序數(shù)詞基數(shù)詞顏色名詞狀態(tài)溫度產(chǎn)地質(zhì)地不定代詞形狀代詞所有格thebeautifuallasecond onellargenewblackChinesesilkboththisnext fourgoodshortcoolyellowLondonstonesuchanotherpoorsquareyour(4)有關(guān)形容詞的重要考點(diǎn)：() 形容詞修飾

4、something, anything, nothing, 或由 some, any, no 構(gòu)成的不定代詞時(shí)，把形容詞后置。-Mum, Bill is coming to dinner this evening. - OK, Let s give him to eat.A. something different B. different anything C. anything different D. different something-Willyou please tell me in your city?-With pleasure. I think WuQuan Parkis

5、worth visiting.A. interesting somewhere B. somewhere interestingC. anywhere interesting D. interesting anywhere(二)形容詞作表語(yǔ)，放在系動(dòng)詞be, look, taste, smell, sound, get, become, turn, keep,seem后作表語(yǔ)。注意：taste, smell, sound+good.-John looks so today because she got anA in her maths test.A. happy B. happily C.

6、angry D. angrilyDon t eat the food. It smells . A. badly B. bad C. good D. well- I m afrai d that I have a bad cold. - Take the medicine and you llfeel .A. health B. best C. good D. betterThe pears taste and sell.A. well, good B. well, well C. good, well D. good, good(三)形容詞作 keep, make, leave的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。

7、Tom, you must keep your room.A. to tidy B. tidying C. tidyWe should keep our eyes while doing eye exerciseA. close B. closed C. open D. opened（四）exciting, interesting, surprising, amazing, -ing修飾物excited, interested, surprised, amazed, -ed修飾人Oct 15th was one of days in 2003. The Shen zhou-V was sent

8、 up successfully.A. exciting B. more exciting C. the most exciting D. much excitingHarry Potter is an book fo r children, but my cousin doesn t seem atall in it.A. interesting, interesting B. interesting, interested C. interested, interesting（五）形、副的比較級(jí)前可加much多；a little 一點(diǎn)；a lot多；a bit 一點(diǎn)；even甚至，更加；f

9、ar多；等起修飾作用。The experiment was easier than we had expected.A. more B. much more C. much D. more muchThe air in Beijing is getting much now than a few years ago.A. clean B. cleaner C. cleanest D. the cleanestThis year our school is than it was last year.A. much more beautiful B. much beautiful C. the

10、most beautiful D. beautiful（六）形容詞“越來(lái)越”的表達(dá)：?jiǎn)我艄?jié)詞： warmer and warmer, colder and colder.多音節(jié)詞前力口 more and more buantiful, more and more difficultthe+ 比較級(jí)+句子.Beijing is becoming and.A. more beautiful, more B. beautiful, beautifulC. more, more beautiful D. more beautiful, more beautifulRemember boys and g

11、irls.you work,result you will get.A. The better, the harder B. The harder, . the betterC. The harder,the goodWhen winter comes, the days get.A. short and short B. shorterand shorter C.long and long D. longer and longer（七）enough修飾形、副時(shí)把enough后置:- Mum, I think I m to get back to school. - You d better

12、stay at home foranother day or two.A. so well B. so good C. well enough D. good enough(八)one of+形容詞最高級(jí)+復(fù)數(shù)；the+序數(shù)詞+形容詞最高級(jí)+名詞Paris is one of cities in the world.A. more beautifully B. more beautifulC. the most beautiful D. the most beautifullyWho is the student in your class?A. third tallest B. third

13、tall C. three short D. third short (九)good. well. fine. nice 的區(qū)別：good作表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)。表本人品好或東西好。well形，只作表語(yǔ)(身體好)。副，作狀語(yǔ)(好)。fine 天氣好。nice 令人喜悅的“人”。(十)sick和ill都可以作表語(yǔ)，作定語(yǔ)時(shí)只用sick ,不用ill 。The sick man is his uncle. He has been ill for two days.).基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)：作用：1.作定語(yǔ)用于名詞前(對(duì)照：副詞作狀語(yǔ)用于動(dòng)詞后)Country music is a kind of sweet music

14、.作表。語(yǔ)：It looks good. 作賓補(bǔ)： Don t make your parent a-ngry. who has left the door open?形容詞前加the表一類(lèi)人，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)the old, the young, the rich, the poor, the sick病人,the wounded 傷員形容詞前的修飾詞的順序：a(an)+修飾性形容詞+size+shape+age+colour+ 出處+材料+用途+中心詞名詞變形容詞：. 天氣：cloud(y), sun(ny), wind(y), ice(y).稱謂：friend(ly), mother(ly),

15、 brother(ly)health(y), noise(y), care(less),.表情感：care (ful), hope(ful), use(ful), luck(y)hope(less).形容詞比較級(jí)：.標(biāo)志than.比較。的對(duì)象一致：My pencil is longer than yours.Bill runs faster than any other student in his class. 一般加 er, est.以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾加r, st.雙寫(xiě)：thin-thinner-thinnest, hot-hotter-hottest, fat-fatter-fattest.

16、 輔音字母 +y 的變 y 為 i+er, est easy-easier-easiest. 雙音節(jié)詞力口 more, the most difficult-more difficult-most difficult.以后綴-ful 結(jié)尾的形容詞加 more, the most useful-more useful- the most useful. 不規(guī)貝U: good/well-better, best ; bad, ill/badly-worse, worst ; many, much-more, most;little-less-least；far-farther-farthest形容

17、詞最高級(jí)：1.標(biāo)志：in (后不同類(lèi))；of (后同類(lèi))2. 加est。(6)復(fù)合形容詞的構(gòu)成:形容詞+名詞+edkind-hearted6名詞+ 形容詞world-famous形容詞+形容詞dark-blue7名詞+現(xiàn)在分詞peace-loving形容詞+現(xiàn)在分詞ordinary-looking8名詞+過(guò)去分詞snow-covered副洞+現(xiàn)在分詞hard-working9數(shù)，+名詞+edthree-egged副倒+過(guò)去分詞newly-built10數(shù)，+名詞twenty-yearII. 副詞副詞起修飾動(dòng)詞，形容詞，其他副詞或全句的作用，表示時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，程度，方式或性質(zhì)等。.副詞的種類(lèi)(1)

18、時(shí)間副詞表示大體時(shí)間：now, then , yesterday , today , tonight , before , justnow , recently ,sO faf表示頻率：always , usually , often , sometimes . seldom , never其它作用：already , yet , Late , early , soon, at once, immediately , atfirst , at last ,finally(2)地點(diǎn)副詞表地點(diǎn)：here , there , home, abroad , upstairs , downstairs

19、, anywhere , everywhere , nowhere, somewhere表位置關(guān)系(后接賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，用作介詞 )：above, below , round, around, down, up, in , out , inside , outside , across , back, along , over , away, near, off,past(3)方式副詞 表示謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞“怎樣地”，(此類(lèi)副詞大部分由形容詞加 ly.構(gòu)成)：badly , bravely , gratefully , calmly , carefully , carelessly , nervously ,

20、 proudly , patiently , politely , sadly , properly , rapidly , wrongly , suddenly(4)程度副詞多數(shù)用來(lái)修飾形容詞或副詞：much, (a)little , a bit , very , sO, too , enough,quite,rather , completely , terribly , deeply , nearly , almost , hardly(5)疑問(wèn)副詞構(gòu)成特殊疑問(wèn)句：how, when, where , why(6)連接副，詞 連接主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)從句：how, when, where ,

21、 why(7)關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句：when, where, why(8)其它性質(zhì)的副詞對(duì)整個(gè)句子進(jìn)行說(shuō)明，一般用逗號(hào)與主句隔開(kāi)：frankly(坦率地說(shuō)，說(shuō)真的)，generally( 一般說(shuō)來(lái))，luckily(幸運(yùn)地是)，first of all( 首先)等。.副詞的用法及位置(1)修飾動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)多數(shù)位于動(dòng)詞之后，及物動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)或介問(wèn)的賓語(yǔ)之后。eg . The farmers are working hard in the field .She speaks English well .The nurse looks after the babies carefully.頻度副詞放在動(dòng)

22、詞前，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞之后。eg . He always goes to school On foot .She was often late for school .I have never been to Beijing (2)修飾形容詞作狀語(yǔ)，放在形容詞前。eg . He has a very nice watch .The box is too heavy.(3)修飾另一副詞作狀語(yǔ)，放在另一副詞前。eg . She paints quite well .You speak too fast . I can t understand you(4)作表語(yǔ)，放在系動(dòng)詞后。eg . Is an

23、ybody in?(5)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，放在賓語(yǔ)之后。eg . I saw him out just now(6)作定語(yǔ)，放在名詞之后。eg . There is a man : here On vacation(7)疑問(wèn)副詞、修飾整個(gè)句子的副詞以及perhaps , first , sometimes , finally等副詞，一般放在句首。eg . Finally , I finished the workPerhaps he s watching TV at home .(8)表示程度的副詞一般放在被修飾詞前，而enough則放在它所修飾的詞后。eg. He is old enough t

24、o go to school.某些副詞在用法上的區(qū)別11) already, yet, stillalready表示某事物已經(jīng)發(fā)生，主要用于肯定句；yet表示期待某事發(fā)生，主要用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句；still表示某事還在進(jìn)行，主要用于肯定句和疑問(wèn)句，有時(shí)也可用于否定句。如：Weve already watched that film.I havent finished my homework yet.He still works until late every night.2 2) too, as well, also, eithertoo, as well 和also用于肯定句和疑問(wèn)句，to

25、o和as well多用于口語(yǔ)，一般放在句末，而 also多用于書(shū)面語(yǔ)，一般放在句中與動(dòng)詞連用。either用于否定句和否定的疑問(wèn)句，往往放在句末。如：He went there too.He didnt go there either.I like you as well. I also went there. (3) hard, hardly hardly意為幾乎與hard在詞義上完全不同。如： I work hard every day.I can hardly remember that.late, latelylately 意為最近、近來(lái)，late意為晚、遲。如：He never co

26、mes late.Have you been to the museum lately?III .形容詞和副詞的比較等級(jí).比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成(1)單音節(jié)和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞一般在詞尾加er或estgreat-greatergreatest , youngyoungeryoungest , slowfslower fslowest以e結(jié)尾的只加r或stnicenicer-nicest , largelarger largest.以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的，先變y為i ,再加er或estheavyheavierheaviest ,easyeasiereasiest , busybusier 一busiest

27、 , funnyfunnier+funniest , early earlier fearliest以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的詞，先雙寫(xiě)最末的一個(gè)輔音字母，再加 er或est bigbigger -biggest , thinthinnerthinnest , fat )fatter ffattest , htfitter fittest(2)多音節(jié)和部分雙音節(jié)詞，前加 more為比較級(jí)，加(the)most為最高級(jí)careful f more carefulmost carefulusefulmore usefulmost usefulpopular f more popular fmost pop

28、ularcarelesslymore carelesslymost carelessly(3)不規(guī)則變化的詞good/well fbetter fbestbad/ill /badlyfworsefworstmany/ much moref mostlittle 一 less 一 leastold older /elder f oldest(指年齡大小)/eldest(指長(zhǎng)幼順序)far farther / further farthest(指距離)/furthest(指程度).形容詞和副詞比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)的、用法(1)形容詞和副詞比較級(jí)的用法用。于兩者比較，表木“比,一更”：A+系動(dòng)詞+形容詞比

29、較級(jí)+than+B ,eg . I am two years older than my little sister“A+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+副詞比較級(jí)+than+ B ：eg . She gets to school earlier than the other students用于兩者之間的同級(jí)比較，表示和一樣：A+系動(dòng)詞+as+形容詞原級(jí)+as+B,eg.Bill is as funny as his father.“A+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+as+副詞原級(jí)+as+B”eg.Lucy speaks Chinese as well as Lily.表示甲在某方面不如乙：A+系動(dòng)詞+notas /so+形容i司原

30、級(jí)+as十Beg . These books aren t as interesting as those .“人+助動(dòng)詞/，f態(tài)動(dòng)詞 +not+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+aS/ SO+Feg . She didn t sing sO well that night as she usually does.表示某個(gè)范圍內(nèi)的兩者相比：A十動(dòng)詞十the+比較級(jí)+of短語(yǔ)（比較范圍）“eg . Penny is the taller of the two girls . Penny是這兩個(gè)女孩中較高的一個(gè)。表示“越來(lái)越”：“比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí)”eg . In spring the days are gettin

31、g longer and longer. 在春天，白天變得越來(lái)越長(zhǎng)。表示越越：the+比較級(jí)the+比較級(jí)”eg . The mort : you practice using English多，就會(huì)學(xué)得越好。可以用 much, far , even, a bit , a little 修飾。eg . Tom is a little taller than Mikeit is even colder today than yesterday在比較級(jí)中，為了避免重復(fù)，可用 that,the better you ll learn it你英語(yǔ)練得越,a lot等修飾比較級(jí)表示程度，但決不可用veryTom比Mike稍高一點(diǎn)；。今天甚至比昨天更冷或those代替前面提到過(guò)的事情。.這兒比我的老家熱得多。這家商店的褲子比那eg . The weather here is much hotter than that Ofour hometownThe pants in thi