人教版新課標(biāo)選修8第1單元精講講義(附答案)

1、人教版新課標(biāo)選修8各單元精講講義選修8第1單元.要點導(dǎo)讀Ofthe first Spanish to go to California, the majority were religious men who came to teach the Catholicreligion to the natives. (P2)majority n. “多數(shù)人”，多和定冠詞the連用。表示“(投票時的)多數(shù)”時，可加不定冠詞。其本意為“大部分； 大多數(shù)“ 。eg: The majority of the committee are strongly against the decision.His pa

2、rty did not win a majority in Parliament.The majority of soil was carried away by the floods.in the majority ”占大多數(shù)eg: People who can sing and dance are in the majority in my company.It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be on major racial orc u l t

3、 u r a lg r o u p s(P3)mix (1) n.C“結(jié)合；混合”，常用單數(shù)形式。eg: The liquid is a mix of Coca-Cola and coffee.v.“混合；拌和，mix A with B = mix A and B together “把 A 和 B 混合起來”eg: Please help me to mix butter and sugartogether.Oil does not mix with water.mixture n.?昆合物；?昆合“eg: Shake the mixture before taking it.We list

4、ened to the news with a mixture of surprise and horror.Why is it important in a telephone conversation to indicate that you are paying attention to what theoh e rP e r s o ni ss a y i n g ?( P 7 ) indicate v.暗示”,后可接名詞、代詞或從句 eg: A sky with no cloud indicates fine weather the next day.The results indi

5、cate that this product is enjoying a great success.indication n.”表明； 跡象； 說明 eg: He gave no indication of his own thoughts at all.There was no indication this morning that it would rain.Apparently he d been shocked when he saw a terrible accident in which a tram slipped down the hill. (P8) apparently

6、 adv.”顯然地； 顯而易見地 eg: She managed to climb out of the car, apparently unhurt.I thought they had divorced, but apparently they havent. apparent adj.”顯而易見的； 顯然“ eg: Her anxiety was apparent to everyone.Its apparent that you cant be trusted. noticing how the listener reacts and, (P9) react vi.”作出反應(yīng)；回應(yīng)”r

7、eact against ”反抗； 抗拒eg: The workers reacted against the rules made by the new boss.react to 對作出反應(yīng)eg: How did Wilson react to your idea?reaction n.“反應(yīng)； 回應(yīng) eg: What is your reaction to this plan?Scientists believe that these first settlers crossed by Bering Strait from Asia to Alaska by means of a lan

8、d bridge which existed in prehistoric times. (P2)by means of 用方法； 借助 eg: Thoughts are expressed by means of words.This is a two-year course taught by means of lectures and seminars.by all means “無論如何； 務(wù)必 eg: Hand in your homework by all means tomorrow.by no means “決不； 點者B不eg: By no means will he hav

9、e the good chance to study abroad.Many died or returned home, but most remained in California tomake a life for themselves in the newtow nsoro nfar ms.( P2)make a life = make a living 謀生eg: Nowadays, many teenagers are going to make a life during the summer vacation.make / earn / get a living “謀生eg:

10、 He made a living by selling newspapers.He wanted to earn his own living after graduation.lead / live a life ”過著的生活 eg: She led a wonderful life.The poor old man lived a hardlife.It didn t occur to me that there d be a big festival on at the same time as my holiday. (P5)occur to ”(某人)想至 1r eg: A goo

11、d idea occurred to / came to / struck him.occur to經(jīng)常用于以it作形式主語的句子中，真正的主語可以是不定式，也可以是從句。eg: It occurred to him to phone the policeman after the accident.It occurred to me that I had left my wallet in the taxi.Teamed up with a couple from my hotel (Peter and Terri) and hired a car. (P8)team up with 與合作

12、，team此處意為“合作;協(xié)作”,vi.,常和up連用。eg: You can team up with me if you want.The farmers teamed up to collect the money.Some interesting temples here, a number of markets and a great many restaurants. (P8)a great many “很多；許多”,后接可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。eg: A great many students have known the news on the radio.如果名詞前有限定詞或后面

13、是代詞時，需要用 a great many of的形式 eg: A great many of the workers opposed the idea.A great many of them thought it a good idea to go out for a picnic.Its a 79km round-trip that takes in all the famous tourist spots. (P8) take in ”包括； 領(lǐng)會； 收留； 欺騙 eg: The price takes in the cost of all the accommodation and

14、food.It took me a long time to take in what you were saying.The kind lady took in the homeless child.Dont be taken in by the advertisement.take on ”承擔(dān)； 從事(某工作) eg: He isnt willing to take on any responsibility. take over ”接替(職務(wù))； 接管“ eg: No one will take over my job while Im on holiday. take up ”從事；

15、 占據(jù) eg: She has already taken up flower-decoration.n.熱點語法：名詞性從句名詞性從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組，主要包括主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。 一、主語從句1、由連接詞that引導(dǎo)的主語從句出現(xiàn)在句首時，that通常不可省略。如果用it作形式主語，把從句移到句 末時，或者在比較短的句子中，that 可省略。eg: That she lost her necklace on her way home made heranxious.Its a pity (that) you re sick.2、由連接詞 whether引導(dǎo)主語從句

16、時，whether在從句中不充當(dāng)句子成分，只起連接作用，不能省略。并 且 whether 弓I導(dǎo)主語從句時不能用if 代替。 eg: Whether he has joined the club is unknown.Whether well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.3、由連接代詞或連接副詞引導(dǎo)的主語從句，可把從句放在句首，但多用it作形式主語，把從句移到句末，連接代詞和連接副詞都有自己的意義，并在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分。eg: It makes no difference where wewill have the meeting.I

17、t hasnt been decided when we will set off.What we cant get seems better than what we have. 二、賓語從句 1、由連接詞that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句表示陳述意義，that?？墒÷浴．?dāng)兩個表示陳述意義的賓語從句并列時，有時省去第一個從句的連接詞that,但第二個從句的連接詞that 一般不可省略。eg: We know (that) they have put an end to the meeting.She said (that) she would study English well and that sh

18、e would go abroad to look for a job.2、由連接詞whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中，whether和if可互換，但往往只用whether引導(dǎo)介詞賓語從句。eg: Jim asked if / whether I could go for a picnic with him.It depends on whether he can finish his work on time.3、由連接代詞或連接副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中，從句中要用陳述句語序。eg: I dont know what they have done to him.Mr. Smith wonder

19、ed how his employees managed to finish the task.4、在except, believe, imagine , think , suppose等動詞后的否定性賓語從句中，如果主句的主語是第一人 稱， 要把從句中的否定形式轉(zhuǎn)移至U主句中。eg: I dont suppose that she will resign from that company.三、表語從句1、由連接詞that引導(dǎo)的表語從句中，that在從句中起連接作用，無實義，有時可省略。 eg: The trouble is that I have been lost in the stra

20、nge city.2、由連接詞 whether引導(dǎo)的表語從句中，whether不可用if替換。eg: His first question was whether Holmes had arrived yet.3、由連接代詞或連接副詞引導(dǎo)的表語從句。eg: She is no longer what she used to be.The problem is how we can raise as much as 45,000 dollars in two days.4、表語從句還可以用 as if / as though, because, as等引導(dǎo)，常用的結(jié)構(gòu)有the reasontha

21、t (不用because)” 和 “it (this / that) is because 。 eg: It looks as if the young lady looks down upon the people around her.It is because she doesin t like apple juice at all.語法專練About 15,000 years ago, the native Americans began to settle down in is called North America now.A. whereB. thatC. whichD. wh

22、at we will hold the New Year s party has not been decided.A. ThatB. IfC. WhetherD. ItIt is he was a cheat astonished everyone present.A. what; that B. that; that C. that; what D. what; whatA woman tearfully explained to the policeman her husband lost his life in the traffic accident last night.A. wh

23、atB. when C. howD. whetherMy friend saw an accident. He told me hed seen at the scene of the accident.A. whether B. when C. whatD. that-Can you tell me how to fix my computer?-That depends on you have an old computer.A. whatB. whether C. thatD. if the student was caught cheating in the course of the

24、 exam made his headteacher very angry.A. ThatB. ItC. WhatD. WhetherIt was who did it we want to find out.A. thatB. whichC. itD. whatI still doubt the prices of houses in Beijing will go up, so I will wait and see.A. howB. whyC. whetherD. whenWe, because as real VIPs we used the back entrance to the

25、music hall.A. didnt need to queue B. neednt have queued C. must have queued D. could have queuedm.綜合訓(xùn)練一、單項選擇-Dont forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow.A. I dontB. I wontC. I cantD. I haventHe gained only a narrow , winning with 151 votes against 144.A. minority B. majority C. quantity D. qua

26、lity surprises me most is that she doesint even know the difference between the two simple words lies.A. What; where B. What; what C. That; where D. That; whatHe was not honest and often told lies, so I never believed he said.A. thatB. which C. why D. whatWe express our thoughts not only words, but

27、also body language.A. in terms of B. in spite of C. by means of D. in case ofA wonderful idea me that day when I met with a tough problem.A. happened to B. occurred to C. seemed to D. compared toA study that women find it more difficult to give up smoking than men.A. directsB. indicatesC. influences

28、D. guidesMammals nearly all warm-blooded animals except birds.A. settle inB. settle downC. take inD. take upTom was at a loss as to how a car worked, so it was that he knew nothing about how to repair cars.A. apparent B. absurd C. confused D. complicatedIn my opinion, it is not so helpful to give so

29、meone some bread as it is to teach him how to .A. make sense B. make progress C. make a life D. make his wayIt is said that many streets in this city have been for cultural protection.A. stretched out B. marked out C. left out D. stood outWe have a long way to go in the unknown world and mysteries r

30、emain to be discovered.A. great many B. a great many C. a great many of D. great many ofThere was a dreadful flood in the mountain village, but most of the villagers with the help of government.A. survivedB. remainedC. existed D.continuedThere was somuch water in the street after rain that the oldma

31、n and got hurt badly.A. trembledB. skippedC. slipped D.bentNot until he toldme yesterday what had happened.A. I did know B. I knewC. didnt I know D. did I know二、完形填空A classical guitarist, Laurence Lennon, was thrilled to hear from New York City Police that his valuable guitar had been found. It 16 a

32、bout a year ago when he got out of a 17 and forgot to take the guitar with him. He said he was running 18 that day. He was talking to his manager on his cell phone when he dashed out of the taxi. He said that he gave the driver $60 and told him to keep the 19 . He walked through the front door of th

33、e concert hall, 20 talking on the phone to his manager.Upon discovering his 21 , Lennon used his cell phone to call the police. The policewoman asked him 22 the name of the taxi company, the number of the taxi, and the name of the 23 . He said that she must be kidding and that hi couldnt know the dr

34、ivers name at all.She told Lennon that he could file a 24 item report at the police station or online. Lennon wrote down the website 25 . She told him that finding the guitar 26 take a couple of years finding guitars was not as 27 as finding murderers. Then she told him to have a nice day.This year

35、has been 28 ,“ said Lennon. Ihad to postpone the 29 of two new CDs. I ve been using borrowed guitars. And I was losing 30 of ever recovering my guitar.”Lennon was reunited with his $100,000 guitar yesterday. The case and the guitar had been 31 in the corner of a coffeehouse only two blocks from 32 L

36、ennon had lost it in the first place.Lennon had 33 a $10,000 reward for its return. He said he would give the 34 to the coffeehouse owner, who had 35 the police. The police department prepared a news release about the successful finding of the guitar.16. A. lostB. missedC. disappearedD. left17. A. c

37、oncertB. taxiC. roomD. coffeehouse18. A. outsideB. earlyC. lateD. quickly19. A. promiseB. speedC. directionD. change20. A. evenB. stillC. neverD. once21. A. faultB. moneyC. lossD. guitar22. A. inB. forC. withD. by23. A. managerB. ownerC. coupleD. driver24. A. discoveringB. remainingC. missingD. find

38、ing25. A. topicB. titleC. subjectD. address26. A. shouldB. daredC. mightD. must27. A. complicatedB. interestingC. possibleD. important28. A. encouragingB. depressingC. excitingD. satisfying29. A. singingB. sellingC. recordingD. buying30. A. hopeB. imaginationC. determinationD. decision31. A. covered

39、B. discoveredC. playedD. displayed32. A. whichB. whereC. whatD. when33. A. offeredB. providedC. suppliedD. supported34. A. honorB. rewardC. reputationD. fame35. A. notedB. noticedC. informedD. stated三、閱讀理解Dr Naismith had a big problem. His students played football and soccer all through the fall sea

40、son. But now winter was coming, and it would be too cold to play outside. Naismith wanted all of them to stay in good health, but he didnt have and sport for them to play inside.Finally, he got two peach baskets and attached them to a balcony at opposite ends of the gym. There were eighteen people i

41、n his class, so he divided them up into two groups with nine players on each team. He chose a ball that he had on hand: a soccer ball. When the first game began, the players started passing the ball around and one boy threw the ball in the basket. Soon the sport became popular in the whole universit

42、y.But even though the game was fun to play, there were some problems that they had to solve. For example, whenever the players would throw the ball into the basket, they couldnt get it down without climbing up ladder.As a result, they decided to cut holes at the bottom of the baskets for the ball to

43、 fall through. This helped them play faster. But the peach baskets were not suitable for the game. They used them until 1906, when they were finally replaced by metal hoops with backboards.But even then their problems werent over. They realized that they had too many players playing at one time. In

44、fact, one time in a game at Cornell University, there were 50 players on each team!At first, basketball was only played in high schools and colleges. But in 1949 the National Basketball Association (NBA) was created, with eight teams. As time passed, Dr Naismith became known as The Father of Basketb

45、all and more people heard of his name.What is the best title for the passage?A. The Inventor of Basketball B. The Rules of Basketball C. The History of Basketball D. The Founding of the NBAFrom the passage, we know that Dr Naismith .A. became a coach in the NBA laterB. chose a volleyball for the stu

46、dents to playC. was a teacher in a middle schoolD. worked in a universityIn , a member team of the NBA could play in a basketball game using metal hoops with backboards.A. 1906 B.1907C.1949D.1948What was Dr Naismith s original purpose in inventing basketball?A. To do some exercise in his own gym.B.

47、To help his students play sports through the winter.C. To get a big prize and win a good reputation.D. To entertain all the students in universities.According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a problem the players had at the beginning?A. People frequently had to get the ball from the ba

48、sket. B. There were too many players in the match.C. The reels of basketball were not complete.D. The peach basket wasnt very suitable for thegame.四、閱讀表達Sometimes we get so focused on one aspect of finding a job, such as sending out resumes, for example, that we forget to make sure that everything w

49、e do is professional, focused and appropriate. Review these tips to make sure that your job search is on the right track.InterviewingBe on time for the interview. Punctuality means five to ten minutes early. If need be, take some time to drive to the office ahead of time so that you know exactly whe

50、re you are going and how long it will take to get there. Job FairsRegularly attend these events even when you are not necessarily looking for a job to see what opportunities are out there, and to gain a perspective on where you fit in the job marketplace.Stay on Top of the NewsBe aware of the latest

51、 business news in your community or the city where you want to work. Read local business journals to find out whos on top in your industry. Review the business section of your local newspaper as well. These resources will give you a sense of which employers are hot“ and will usually also provide you

52、 with contact information where you can send your resume.Say Thank You within 24 - 48 hours of your interview or meeting. The note may be handwritten on a small, professional, thank-you note card (if you have extremely neat handwriting and only a brief message to convey), or e-mailed.Dont Give UPLas

53、t, but not least, dont give up. Job searching is never easy and its even harder when the job market is difficult. Keep searching and eventually, though it may take more time than you expect, the right position will come along.What is the best title for the passage? (Please answer with 10 words.)Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one?When you dont have to hunt for a job, go to job markets regula