外研版選修八：Module5TheConquestoftheUniverseSectionⅡ

1、高中英語講義只要堅持夢想早晚會實現(xiàn) Section n Introduction & Reading and Vocabulary - Language Pointsaccustomed adj.習慣的；通常的，慣常的（作定語）（教材 P58）Ever since Neil Armstrong first set foot on the Moon back on 21st July, 1969, people have become accustomed to the idea of space travel.自從尼爾阿姆斯特朗在1969年7月21日首次踏上月球以來，人們對太空旅行這一概念已

2、經(jīng)非常熟悉。be accustomed to （doing） sth. = be used to （doing） sth.習慣于（做）某事（強調(diào)狀態(tài)）get/become accustomed to （doing） sth. = get/become used to （doing） sth.習慣于（做）某事（強調(diào)動作）（2）accustom vt.使習慣于accustom oneself to （doing） sth.使自己習慣于（做）某事 He took his accustomed seat by the fire.他在爐火邊慣常坐的座位上坐了下來。Somehow, I couldnt g

3、et accustomed to the cold weather here.不知怎么回事，我就是不能適應這里的寒冷天氣。即學即練單句語法填空（牛津詞典）She was a person accustomed（accustom） to eight hours sleep at night.（江蘇卷）They are quiet, arent they?Yes. They are accustomed to not talking （talk） at meals.鏈接寫作完成句子/句式升級我習慣于生活在鄉(xiāng)村，總是覺得生活在城里很困難。（普通表達）I am accustomed to living

4、/accustom myself to living in the countryside, and I always find it hard to live in the city.（高級表達）Accustomed to living in the countryside, I always find it hard to live in the city .（過去分詞短語作狀語）（高級表達 ）Accustoming myself to living in the countryside, I always find it hard to live in thecity .（現(xiàn)在分詞短語作

5、狀語）assume v.（想當然地）認為，假定；擔任，承擔（責任）（教材 P58）The world was in shockmaybe they assumed this space flight would be no more dangerous than getting on an aeroplane.世界震驚了 一一也許他們原本都認為這次太空飛行跟乘坐飛機一樣沒什么危險。assume that.assumeto be.It is (generally) assumed that.(2)assuming that(3)assumption n.假定，認為認為是；假定是人們（普遍）認為假

6、定（作狀語）假定；假設(2016 江蘇卷)In art criticism , you must assume the artist has a secret message hidden within the work.在藝術評論中，你必須設想藝術家在藝術作品里隱藏著秘密信息。 I made a mistake so I will assume responsibility for it.我犯了錯，因此我會為此承擔責任。即學即練一一單句語法填空 (江蘇卷)Where unemployment and crime are high, it can be assumed (assume) tha

7、t the latter is due to the former. (2018 江蘇卷)Try to understand what sactually happening instead of acting on the assumption (assume) you ve made.鏈接寫作一一詞匯升級(普通表達)If there wasn t the hard work of the dustman, what can you imagine our environment will be like?(高級表達)Assuming (that) there wasn t the hwod

8、k of the dustman, what can you imagine our environment will be like?patience n.耐心(教材 P59)We didn have much patience waiting for the launch.我們迫不及待地等著它起飛。對（沒）有耐心有耐心做某事有耐心地忍耐的；有耐性的病人對某人有耐心耐心地have (no) patience with have the patience to do sth. with patience(2)patient adj.n.be patient with sb.(3)patient

9、ly adv. Patience and devotion are essential to scientific research.科研工作要有耐心和奉獻精神。 （牛津詞典）She has no patience with people who are always grumbling.她對那些總發(fā)牢騷的人沒有耐心。即學即練單句語法填空(遼寧卷)She was usually patient with her students and never made them disappointed.a.(江西卷)Whenever I made mistakes, the teacher point

10、ed them out with patience (patient).b. (2017 天津卷)The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, allowing more patients (patient) to be treated.c.(廣東卷)She patiently (patient) explained all the rules to the students and required everyone to follow them.in spite of 盡管；不管(教材 P59)In spite of a

11、ll our advanced technology, the world is still only at the very beginning of its voyage into space.即使我們掌握了現(xiàn)在的全部先進技術，我們這個世界依然只是處于太空旅行的起步階段。(1)in spite of = despite盡管；不管(強調(diào)客觀情況)in spite of/despite the fact that.盡管事實是(2)regardless of不管；不顧(強調(diào)主觀態(tài)度)In spite of his old age, he still leads an active life.盡管

12、年事已高，他依舊過著一種忙碌的生活。In spite of all his efforts , he failed. He was so upset about himself that he felt like crying.盡管他很努力卻還是失敗了，他傷心地想哭。鏈接寫作一句多譯盡管交通擁擠，他還是設法準時到達了。In spite of/Despite the heavy traffic, he managed to come on time . (in spite of/despite)Although/Though the traffic was heavy, he managed t

13、o come on time . (although/though)Heavy as/though the traffic was, he managed to come on time .(倒裝句)in spite of是介詞短語，相當于despite,后跟名詞、代詞或動名詞作讓步狀語；而though,although和as是從屬連詞后跟讓步狀語從句。突然闖入突然開始做某事非常高興/勃然大怒一陣大笑/勃然大怒burst v.（使）爆裂，脹開；突然出現(xiàn)n .突發(fā)；爆裂 （教材 P59）to burst with a lot of force and loud noise 伴隨著強大的力量和巨大

14、的聲響突然爆炸了(1)burst in/intoburst into sth. = burst out doing sth.burst with joy/happiness/anger(2)a burst of laughter/anger The driver lost control of the car when a tyre burst .一個輪胎爆了，司機對車失去了控制。His appearance on the platform was greeted with a burst of applause.他一登臺就博得了一陣熱烈的掌聲。即學即練單句語法填空 a.They all bu

15、rst into laughter (laugh)at the funny expression on his face.b. They all burst out laughing (laugh) at the funny expression on his face. Suddenly the door opened and a group of children burst in_.鏈接寫作完成句子我經(jīng)過時，房間里傳來一陣笑聲。There was a burst of laughter in the room when I passed by.no +比較級+ than 和一樣不 (教材

16、 P58)The world was in shockmaybe they assumed this space flight would be no more dangerous than getting on an aeroplane.世界震驚了 一一也許他們原本都認為這次太空飛行跟乘坐飛機一樣沒什么危險。和一樣沒危險”?！皀o +比較級+ than.”為固不如，沒有到的程度不過，僅僅不超過，至多多于，超過；不僅僅；非常不足，少于that one.句中 no more dangerous than 意為 定結構，表示“和一樣不”。(1)not +比較級+ than.(2)no more t

17、han (= only)not more than (= at most)(3)more thanless thanThis book is no more interesting than這本書和那本書一樣令人不感興趣。My older sister speaks English no better than I (do).我姐姐的英語說得跟我一樣不好。鏈接寫作完成句子他的書寫同我的一樣不好，因此我們不得不找老師幫忙。His handwriting is no better than mine, so we have to ask our teacher for help.瑪麗不如她的姐姐漂

18、亮。但是，她是她們中最勤奮的。Mary is not more beautiful than her sister. However, Mary is the most diligent of them.僅有十張票剩下。There are no more than ten tickets left.做這個試驗的人不到五個。The experiment was done by not more than five persons.要建設我們的國家，我們不僅僅需要物質財富。We need more than material wealth to build our country.I品句填詞It

19、was the most terrifying accide nt I d ewenessed （目 睹），which made me have bad dreams for several days.We must bring in the advanced （先進的）technology in a short time.Assuming （彳所定）that you get a place at university, how are you going to finance your studies? 4. She explained the question to the boy fiv

20、e times with great patience （ 耐心）.Surprisingly, he had leapt （跳躍）from a window in the high building and escaped.We believe the students will soon get accustomed （習慣的）to the climate.We are watching with you this great historic （ 歷史性的 ）event and share with you the joy and happiness.They managed to com

21、plete the task ahead of time with their joint （ 共同的）efforts.Every one here likes to tune （收看）in to Channel 2 to hear the news. 10. Hundreds of people were flooded out when the river burst （ 爆裂）its banks. n單句改錯（2019 北京西城區(qū)高二期中 ）With the level of haze rising greatly, many people work to raise public aw

22、areness to environmental protection. 第二個 to 改為 ofIn spite for great efforts, we failed to carry out our plan through. for f ofWeather permits, we ll go to visit our teacher this afternoon. permits fpermittingWho was the first man to set feet on the moon? feet ffootIn the very beginning of this colle

23、cting activity, it was not so warm -welcomed. In f At n課文語法填空Ever since Neil Armstrong first set foot 1.on_the Moon back on 21st July, 1969, people have become 2.accustomed （accustom） to the idea of space travel. All three astronauts made it safely back to Earth , 3.using （use） a spaceship computer

24、4.that/which was much less powerful than the ones used by the average school students today. By the time the Challenger took off in 1986, the world seemed 5.to have lost （lose） its fear and wonder at the amazing 6.achievement （achieve） of people going up into space. But this was going to be a specia

25、l flight and so millions of people tuned in to witness the take- off on TV. 7.Sadly_（sad） the Challenger had exploded in mid - air. It 8.happened （happen） so quickly and everyone was in a state of shock. In spite of all our 9.advanced （advance） technology, the world is still only at 10.the_very begi

26、nning of its voyage into space.I單句語法填空1. The theory is based on a series of wrong assumptions (assume), so it cant be put into practice. 2. (2019 湖南長郡中學高二月考 )As he walked into the classroom with that funny- looking hat, everyone burst out laughing (laugh).He is a foreigner and he is not accustomed t

27、o being treated (treat) like that.- What about the two cars?This one is no more expensive (expensive) than that one. But the blue one uses less oil.(山東卷)In spite of many invitations , he would always decline to visit Oxford.I seem to have seen (see) you before, but I cant remember where I saw you.It

28、 is difficult to be patient(patience) when you are stuck in a traffic jam.My hometown isn t what it used to be. The last decade has witnessed (witness) great changes in the city images.(江蘇卷)Much time speni_(spend) sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems.The teache

29、r knows that you are always the first to come (come) to the classroom since last September.n閱讀理解ASatellites are an important part of our ordinary lives. For example, the information for weather forecasts is sent by satellite. Some satellites have cameras which take photographs of the Earth to show h

30、ow clouds are moving. Satellites are also used to connect our international phone calls.Computer connections of the World Wide Web and Internet also use satellites. Many of ourTV programs come to us through satellites. Airplane pilots also sometimes use a satellite to help them find their exact loca

31、tion.We use satellites to send television pictures from one part of the world to another. They are usually 35 , 880 kilometers above the equator. Sometimes we can see a satellite in the sky and it seems to stay in the same place. This is because it is moving around the world at 11, 000 kilometers an

32、 hour exactly the same speed that the Earth rotates. A satellite must orbit the Earth with its antennae （天線）facing the Earth. Sometimes, it moves away from its orbit, so there are little rockets on it which are used to put the satellite back in the right position. This usually happens about every fi

33、ve or six days.Space is not empty! Every week, more and more satellites are sent into space to orbit the Earth. A satellite usually works for about 10 12 years. Satellites which are broken are sometimes repaired by astronauts or sometimes brought back to Earth to be repaired. Often, very old or brok

34、en satellites are left in space to orbit the Earth for a very long time. This is very serious because some satellites use nuclear power and they can crash into each other.【解題導語】衛(wèi)星不僅在科學探索方面起著重要作用，而且在我們的生活中也起著非常重要的作用。1. Which of the following is NOT done by satellites according to the passage? A . Sen

35、ding information for weather forecasts.Taking photographs of the Earth.Sending TV pictures.Providing food for airplane pilots.D解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)前三段的內(nèi)容可知，D項不是衛(wèi)星做的事情。2. How fast does the earth rotate?A . 35, 880 kilometers per hour.335, 880 kilometers per hour.11, 000 kilometers per hour.110, 000 kilometers

36、 per hour.C 解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的第四句話可知。What is the function of little rockets on a satellite?To send a satellite.To make a satellite in place.To send more pictures.To connect our international phone calls.B 解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的 So there are little rockets on it which are used to put the satellite back in the

37、right position ”可知，衛(wèi)星內(nèi)安裝的小火箭把衛(wèi)星拉回到正確的位置，故選BoWhich of the following is TRUE of satellites?A satellite can be used to send television pictures internationally.Every time a satellite gets broken, it is brought back to the Earth to be repaired.A broken satellite is never left in space.They often crash i

38、nto each other.A 解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的 We use satellites to send television pictures from one part of the world to another.”可知 A 項正確。Pollution serious effects on the environment have become more obvious in recent years. Most scientists agree that efforts are necessary to protect our environment from furth

39、er harm.As we know , the construction industry consumes a large quantity of energy and resources and creates a huge amount of pollution. So green buildings are in great need.The environmental benefits of green buildings include the protection of ecosystems and biodiversity （生物多樣性 ）,improved air and

40、water quality , less waste flowing into streams and the protection of natural resources. Green buildings can also result in lower operating costs because they typically use less energy and fewer materials and improve indoor air quality , improving the health of people who live there.The process of b

41、uilding green houses includes technical and artistic planning with nature protection in mind. Building designs often reflect the surrounding environment and natural resources and use renewable building materials such as bamboo and straw. In addition , recycled resources found locally are used for gr

42、een buildings , reducing the cost and air pollution associated with transporting materials long distances.Careful site selection is important to minimize （使減少到最低限度 ）human effects on the surrounding environment. For example, placing a structure in an area that allows it to take advantage of cool bree

43、zes （微風）and sunlight can reduce energy use and expenses. More energy and expenses are needed for larger buildings as well, so it is important to build the small ones.Green roofs are another feature of green houses that reduce energy use and costs. These roofs are partially or completely covered with

44、 plants , which helps to keep heating and cooling costs low , prevent water running off and deal with pollutants.Other features of green buildings often include energy and water protection , recycling and waste reduction. In addition , renewable energy sources such as solar power, waterpower and win

45、d power are used for heat and electricity , which greatly reduces costs and decreases the influence on the environment.【解題導語】本文主要介紹了綠色建筑的優(yōu)勢和特色。What can we know about green buildings?A . Producing no waste.Only using clean energy.Being made of new materials.Being environment friendly.D 解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)對全文

46、的整體理解特別是第三段的內(nèi)容可推知，綠色建筑整體上是環(huán)保的，故選D。What is a green building probably like according to the fifth paragraph?A. Large.B. Small.C. Green.D. Low.B 解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段最后一句More energy and expenses are needed for largerbuildings as well , so it is important to build the small ones.” 可推知， 綠色建筑應該傾向于 型建筑，而非高樓大廈，故選B

47、。What is the purpose of using green roofs?A . To fit the environment.To keep warm.To collect nature water.To reduce costs.D 解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的 Green roofs are another feature of green houses that reduce energy use and costs：可知，綠色屋頂可以降低能源使用和成本，故選D。8. What is the text mainly about?A . Promoting energy

48、 efficiency.Environmental benefits.Green buildings.Ecosystems and biodiversity.C 解析：主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章的關鍵詞green buildings ”和對全文的整體理解可推知，本文主要講的是綠色建筑，故選C。m七選五What to Do When Someone Doesn t Like YouWhen someone tells me I dont care if people like me” , they are showing me the emotional wall they use to block

49、the hurt of rejection.As humans are social animals , all of us care if people like us. Based on the need for social connection, your reactions to rejection and negative judgment can range from minor hurt to outbreaks of depression. 1.The first step to handle a negative situation is to recognize your

50、 reaction. Ask yourself, “What am I feeling ? 2. Any betrayal （背叛）or embarrassment in your heart?Identify what feeling has shown up in your body , so you can choose what to do next.When you sense yourself shutting down or feeling defensive , ask yourself what the person actually meant to do to you. Did they truly mean to offend you , or make fun of you? Your brain works very hard to keep you safe , so it w