新高一英語總結

1、狀語從句由從句擔任的狀語，在句子中可修飾謂語（或其它動詞）、形容詞、副詞或是整個句子，它可以用來表示時間、地點、原因、目的、結果、條件、方式、比較、讓步等。狀語從句是一較大的語法項目，也是近幾年高考題中常見的一個重要試點。高考中已考查了時間、讓步、地點、條件、目的等狀語從句，這些從句仍是今后高考熱點，應作充分準備。同時對方式狀語從句也應引起重視。（一）時間狀語從句表示時間的狀語從句可由when, as, while, whenever, after, before, till (until), since, once, as soon as (或the moment ), by the tim

2、e, no sooner than, hardly (scarcely) when, every time等引導。e.g. When I came into the office, the teachers were having a meeting.He started as soon as he received the news.Once you see him, you will never forget him.No sooner had I gone to bed than I went to sleep.（二）原因狀語從句原因狀語從句是表示原因或理由的，引導這類從句的最常用的連詞

3、是because, since, as , now that（既然）等，for 表示因果關系時（它引導的不是從句）為并列連詞，語氣不如because強。e.g. He is disappointed because he didnt get the position.As it is raining, I will not go out.Now that you mention it, I do remember.（三）地點狀語從句引導地點狀語從句的連詞是where 和wherever等。e.g. Sit wherever you like.Make a mark where you have

4、 a question.（四）目的狀語從句引導目的狀語從句最常用的詞（組）是so, so that（從句謂語常有情態(tài)動詞）, in order that, in case（以防，以免）等。e.g. Speak clearly, s o that they may understand you.She has bought the book in order that she could follow the TV lessons.He left early in case he should miss the train.（五）結果狀語從句結果狀語從句是表示事態(tài)結果的從句，通常主句是原因，從句

5、是結果。由so that （從句謂語一般沒有情態(tài)動詞）, so that, such that等引導。 e.g. She was ill, so that she didnt attend the meeting.He was so excited that he could not say a word. She is such a good teacher that everyone admires her.（六）條件狀語從句條件狀語從句分真實性（有可能實現(xiàn)的事情）與非真實性（條件與事實相反或者在說話者看來不大可能實現(xiàn)的事情）條件句。引導條件狀語從句的詞（組）主要有if, unless,

6、so (as) long as, on condition that, so (as) far as, if only ( = if )。注意：條件從句中的if 不能用whether替換。 e.g. If he is not in the office, he must be out for lunch.You may borrow the book so long as you keep it clean.So far as I know（據(jù)我所知）, he will be away for three months.You can go swimming on condition that

7、 ( = if ) you dont go too far away from the river bank.If he had come a few minutes earlier, he could have seen her.（七）讓步狀語從句讓步狀語從句可由although, though, as, even if (though), however, whatever, whether or, no matter who (when, what, ) 等引導。注意：as引導的讓步狀語從句一般是倒裝的。e.g. Though he is a child, he knows a lot.

8、Child as he is, he knows a lot.Whatever ( = No matter what ) you say, Ill never change my mind.（八）方式狀語從句方式狀語從句常由as, as if (though), the way, rather than等引導。e.g. You must do the exercise as I show you.He acted as if nothing had happened.（九）比較狀語從句比較狀語從句常用than, so (as) as, the more the more等引導。e.g. I h

9、ave made a lot more mistakes than you have.He smokes cigarettes as expensive as he can afford.The busier he is, the happier he feels.（十）使用狀語從句時要注意的幾個問題1、在時間和條件（有時也在方式、讓步等）從句中，主句是一般將來時，從句通常用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來。e.g. Well go outing if it doesnt rain tomorrow.Ill write to you as soon as I get to Shanghai.2、有些時間、地

10、點、條件、方式或讓步從句，如果從句的主語與主句主語一致（或雖不一致，是it），從句的謂語又包含動詞be ，就可省略從句中的“主語 + be”部分。e.g. When (he was) still a boy of ten, he had to work day and night.If (you are) asked you may come in.If (it is) necessary Ill explain to you again.3、注意區(qū)分不同從句：引導的是什么從句，不僅要根據(jù)連詞，還要根據(jù)句子結構和句意來判別。以where為例，能引導多種從句。e.g. You are to fi

11、nd it where you left it.（地點狀語從句）Tell me the address where he lives.（定語從句，句中有先行詞）I dont know where he came from.（賓語從句）Where he has gone is not known yet.（主語從句）This place is where they once hid.（表語從句）練習、狀語從句一、用橫線劃出下列句子中的狀語從句，并指出是哪種狀語從句：1. Child as she is, she knows a lot of things. 2. The more I can d

12、o for the class, the happier Ill be.3. He talks as if (as though) he knew all about it.4. He is such a good teacher that the students love and respect him.5.I shall go to the park unless it rains.6. No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.7. Where there is water, there is life.8. He studied h

13、ard so that he could catch up with his classmates.9. Since you are very busy, I wont trouble you.10. Even if (though) I fail. Ill never lose heart.11. Once you begin the work, you must continue.12. I will find her wherever she may be. 13. Now that youve come, youd better have dinner with us.14. He w

14、as so excited that he couldnt fall asleep.15. We must do everything as he tells us.16. India is much bigger than Japan.17. No matter when you come, you are warmly welcome.18. As (So) long as you work hard, you can catch up with the other classmates.二、用適當?shù)倪B詞填空：1. Dr. Bethune (白求恩) came to China _ he

15、was fifty.2. He began to work _ he got there.3. Lets begin our meeting _everyone is here.4. I like the English people, _ I dont like their food.5. _ you go in China, you can see smiling faces.6. He didnt come to the lecture, _ he was very busy.7. _we had enough time, we walked to the cinema.8. They

16、will help you _ you meet with difficulty.9. _ we came to the university, we have learnt quite a lot.10.I didnt join them yesterday evening _ I had to go to an important meeting.11. We would try to get a car _we could all travel together more easily.12. She wouldnt forget her mothers birthday _ she s

17、eldom wrote to her family.13. Were doing everything we can to make things as easy for you _we can.14. The meeting became so disorderly _ the speaker had to shout the audience down.15. He was angrier _ ever before.16. _ you lock all the doors, he can still manage to get in.17. The boy was so tired _

18、he fell asleep on the bus.18. Hard _ he tried, he couldnt force the door open.三、選擇填空：1. Ill let you know _ he comes back.A. beforeB. becauseC. as soon asD. although2. She will sing a song _ she is asked.A. ifB. unlessC. forD. since3. We will work _ we are needed.A. wheneverB. becauseC. sinceD. where

19、ver4. Read it aloud _ the class can hear you.A. so that B. ifC. when D. although5._ you go, dont forget your people.A. Whenever B. HoweverC. Wherever D. Whichever6. It is about ten years _ I met you last.A. since B. for C. when D. as7. They will never succeed, _ hard they try.A. because B. howeverC.

20、 whenD. since8. _ still half drunk, he made his way home.A. When B. BecauseC. ThoughD. As9. _ she was very tired, she went on working.A. As B. AlthoughC. EvenD. In spite of10. Busy _ he was, he tried his best to help you.A. as B. whenC. sinceD. for11. I learned a little Russian _ I was at middle sch

21、ool.A. though B. although C. as if D. when12. _ we got to the station, the train had left already.A. If B. UnlessC. SinceD. When13. _ the rain stops, we 11 set off for the station.A. Before B. UnlessC. As soon asD. Though14. She was _ tired _ she could not move an inch.A. so, that B. such, thatC. ve

22、ry, thatD. so, as15. We didnt go home _ we finished the work.A. since B. untilC. because D. though16. Ill stay here _ everyone else comes back.A. even if B. as thoughC. becauseD. until17. Although its raining, _ are still working in the field.A. they B. but theyC. and they D. so they18. Speak to him

23、 slowly _ he may understand you better.A. since B. so thatC. forD. because19. Youll miss the train _ you hurry up.A. unless B. asC. ifD. until20. When you read the book, you d better make a mark _ you have any questions.A. at which B. at whereC. the placeD. where21. Wed better hurry _ it is getting

24、dark.A. and B. butC. asD. unless22. I didn t manage to do it _ you had explained how.A. until B. unlessC. when D. before23._ he comes, we wont be able to go.A. Without B. UnlessC. ExceptD. Even24. I hurried _ I wouldnt be late for class.A. since B. so that C. as if D. unless25. _ I catch a cold, I h

25、ave pain in my back.A. Every time B. ThoughC. Even D. Where26. Whats the matter _ they still havent answered the telegram?A. when B. thatC. thoughD. however27. Bring it nearer _ I may see it better.A. al thoughB. even though C. so thatD. since28. You may arrive in Beijing early _ you mind taking the

26、 night train.A. thatB. thoughC. unlessD. if29. Helen listened carefully _ she might discover exactly what she needed.A. in that B. in order thatC. in caseD. even though30. More people will eat out in restaurants _ they do today.A. thanB. whenC. whileD. as31._ hard she tries, she can hardly avoid mak

27、ing mistakes in her homework.A. Much B. HoweverC. AsD. Although32. Poor _ it may be, there is no place like home, _ you may go.A. as; wherever B. though; wheneverC. in spite of; when D. that; wherever33. The child was _ immediately after supper.A. enough tired to go to bedB. too tired to go to bedC.

28、 so tired that he went to bedD. very tired, he went to bed34. The history of nursing _ the history of man.A. as old as B. is old thanC. that is as old as D. is as old as35. _ born in Chicago, the author was famous for his stories about New York.A. Since B. OnceC. When D. Although36._ we stood at the

29、 top of the building, the people below were hardly visible.A. As B. AlthoughC. UnlessD. In spite of37. Scarcely was George Washington in his teens _ his father died.A. thanB. asC. whileD. when38. _ David goes, he is welcome.A. WhicheverB. HoweverC. Wherever D. Whatever39. The house stood _ there had

30、 been a rock.A. whichB. at whichC. whenD. where40. Small _ it is, the pen is a most useful tool.A. because B. soC. ifD. as41. After the new technique was introduced, the factory produced _ tractors in 1988 as the year before.A. as twice many B. as many twiceC. twice as many D. twice many as42. The p

31、iano in the other shop will be _, but _.A. cheaper; not as betterB. more cheap; not as betterC. cheaper; not as goodD. more cheap; not as good43. John plays football _, if not better than, David.A. as wellB. as well asC. so wellD. so well as44. Although he is considered a great writer,A. his works a

32、re not widely readB. but his works are not widely readC. however his works are not widely readD. still his works are not widely read45. _ the day went on, the weather got worse.A. With B. Since C. While D. As46.What was the party like?Wonderful. It s years _ I enjoyed myself so much.A. afterB. whenC

33、. beforeD. since47. It was not _ she took off her dark glasses _ I realized she was a famous film star.A. when; that B. until; thatC. until; whenD. when; then48. If we work with a strong will, we can overcome any difficulty, _ great it is.A. whatB. howC. howeverD. whatever49. After the war, a new sc

34、hool building was put up _ there had once been a theatre.A. thatB. whereC. whichD. when50._, Mother will wait for him to have dinner together.A. However late is he B. However he is lateC. However is he late D. However late he is 51. He will come to call on you the moment he _ his painting.A. will fi

35、nishB. finishedC. has finishedD. had finished52. _ difficult the task may be, we will try our best to complete it in time.A. No matter B. No wonderC. Though D. However53. It was _ that she couldnt finish it by her self.A. so difficult a workB. such a difficult work C. so difficult work D. such diffi

36、cult work強調句型典例展示1. It is the ability to do the job_ matters not where you come from or what you are. （2000全國卷）A. one B. thatC. what D. it 2. David said that it was because of his strong interest in literature _ he chose the course.（2006上海春季）A. that B. what C. why D. how3. It is these poisonous prod

37、ucts _ can cause the symptoms of the flu, such as headache and aching muscles. （2003上海卷）A .who B. that C .how D .what4. Why! I have nothing to confess. _ you want me to say? （2004上海卷）A. What is it that B. What it is that C. How is it that D. How it is that5. It was with great joy _ he received the n

38、ews that his lost daughter had been found. （2004 福建卷)A because B which C since D that6. An awful accident _, however, occur the other day. (2000上海卷)A. does B. did C. has to D. had to 7. It was not until she got home _ Jennifer realized she had lost her keys.（2006全國II卷）A. whenB. thatC. whereD. before

39、 8. It was_ black home after the experiment. (2004湖北卷)A. not until midnight did he go B. until midnight that he didnt goC. not until midnight that he went D. until midnight when he didnt go9. _that he managed to get the information? Oh, a friend of his helped him. （2005山東卷） A. Where was it B. What w

40、as it C. How was it D. Why was it10.1) It was 20 years ago _ the two friends met in Viet Nam.2) It will be 20 years _ they meet in Viet Nam.3) It is 20 years _ he came to live here.4) It was 20 years _ he spent in writing this novel.5) It was not long _ the people in Austria took up guns.6) It was m

41、idnight _ he came back home. A. when B. before C. since D. that探究策略強調句型的基本結構是：It is/was + 被強調部分(主語、賓語、賓語補足語或狀語等) + that/who +句子的其余部分。一、連接詞。一般說來，如果被強調部分是人時，用連詞that或who；被強調的部分是賓語，指人時也可以用whom；如果被強調部分是物，只能用連詞that。It was John and Mike who/that saw Mary in the street last night.It is Mary whom/ who he oft

42、en helps .It was in the street that I met him yesterday. 二、時態(tài)。如果原句中謂語動詞使用的是現(xiàn)在范疇的時態(tài)(一般現(xiàn)在時、現(xiàn)在進行時、現(xiàn)在完成/現(xiàn)在完成進行時、一般將來時、將來進行時、將來完成時等)，用It is.that.。如果原句中謂語動詞為過去范疇的時態(tài)(一般過去時、過去進行時、過去完成時、過去將來時等)，則用It was.that.。如：Mary met an old beggar in the street yesterday.It was Mary who/that met an old beggar in the stree

43、t yesterday. (強調主語)It was an old beggar whom/that Mary met in the street yesterday. (強調賓語)It was yesterday that Mary met an old beggar in the street. (強調時間狀語)It was in the street that Mary met an old beggar yesterday. (強調地點狀語)有時，be前可使用表示推測的情態(tài)動詞。如：It must be Peter who has let this secret out.一定是彼得將這個

44、秘密泄露出去的。It might be last night that they did their homework.他們也許是昨晚做完作業(yè)的。三、 強調含有not until的句子。在強調not until句型時，not 位于until從句前，主句謂語動詞作相應變化，即it is(was)+not until從句+that +其它。It was not until he had finished the work that he went home. It was not until 12 oclock last night that my brother came home. 四、強調句

45、的疑問句。強調結構的疑問形式：強調一般疑問句中的某一成分時，要在主句中用一般疑問句的順序。例如： Was it you that/who broke the window ? Was it in the war that he lost his son ?強調特殊疑問句中的疑問詞，其結構模式是：“疑問詞+ is/was + it +that.”。它同感嘆句的強調模式極其相似，首先將疑問句開頭的部分作為強調部分，套入強調結構，然后再將其變?yōu)橐蓡柧?。例如?. Where were you born? Where was it that you were born?2. What did you

46、want to see? What was it that you wanted to see?3. How many people are being trained for the special work? How many people is it that are being trained for the special work ?。 五、強調句型中的主謂一致。被強調的成分為原句的主語時，that/who之后的謂語動詞應與被強調的名詞或代詞在人稱和數(shù)方面保持一致關系，從而選用恰當?shù)膭釉~形式。例如：It is you who/that are wrong.It is I who/t

47、hat am answering the question.但是如果被強調的部分是人稱代詞，按理應用人稱代詞主格形式，但在口語或非正式文體中也可以用其賓格形式，此時that/who的謂語動詞要用單數(shù)第三人稱形式is或was。例如：It is me who is being asked the favor.另在It is/was., not.that.句型中，其謂語動詞應與肯定部分的詞保持一致關系。例如：It is my brother, not I that studies in that school.It is you, not your sister that are in charge

48、 of the company.六、感嘆句的強調結構，既要體現(xiàn)強調句型的形式特征，又要體現(xiàn)感嘆句的自然語序。例如：1. How happy he looks! How happy it is that he looks!2. What a clever boy he is! What a clever boy it is that he is!七、強調句型的鑒別方法及相似句型的辨析強調句型極易與定語從句、名詞性從句、狀語從句等相關句型混淆，判斷的方法是：強調句型中去掉It is/wasthat剩下的部分在語法和意義上仍然是一個完整的句子。如：It was yesterday that I me

49、t him. 去掉句中的It was that 該句為：Yesterday I met him. 句意和語法都非常正確，說明這是一個強調句。而其他句型則不行。賓語從句典例展示1. As soon as he comes back, Ill tell him when _ and see him. （2005北京卷）A. you will come B. will you comeC. you come D. do you come2. Scientists think that the continents _ always where they _ today. （2006北京）A. are

50、nt; are B. arent; wereC. werent; are D. werent; were3. (湖南2004)I think Father would 1ike to know_ Ive been up to so far，so I decided to send him a quick note.A. which B. why C. what D. how4. Please remind me_ he said he was going. I may be in time to see him off.（2006全國卷I）A. where B. when C. how D.

51、what5. What did your parents think about your decision?They always let me do _ I think I should.（2006全國卷II）A. whenB. thatC. howD. what6. We havent settled the question of _ it is necessary for him to study abroad. （2006江蘇卷）A. ifB. whereC. whetherD. that7. The shopkeeper did not want to sell for _ he

52、 thought was not enough(2005山東卷) A. where B. how C. what D. which8. Mary wrote an article on _the team had failed to win the game. （2005全國卷I）A. whyB. whatC. whoD. that9. With his work completed, the businessman stepped back to his seat, feeling pleased_ he was a man of action. （2006湖南卷）A. which B. t

53、hat C. what D. whether10. I like _ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. （2004全國卷） A. thisB. that C. itD. one11. Ive worked with children before, so I know what _in my new job. (2000全國卷)A. expected B. to expected C. to be expecting D. expects 12. How do you _ we go to Beijing for our h

54、olidays? I think wed better fly there. Its much more comfortable. （2004福建卷）13. I dont suppose anyone will volunteer, _? (2001上海卷)A. do I B. dont I C. will theyD. wont they 探究策略賓語從句是高考的一個熱點，也是一個難點，近幾年雖說出現(xiàn)的次數(shù)不多，但是不能掉以輕心。一、 賓語從句可分為三類：1. 由連接詞that引導的賓語從句。由連接詞that引導賓語從句時，that在句中不擔任任何成分，在口語或非正式的文體中常被省去，但如從

55、句是并列句時,第二個分句前的that不可省。例如：He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. 他已經告訴我他明天要去上海。We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing. 我們決不能認為自己什么都好，別人什么都不好。 2. 用who, whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等關聯(lián)詞引導的賓語從句相

56、當于特殊疑問句，應注意句子語序要用陳述語序。例如：I want to know what he has told you. 我想知道他告訴了你什么。 She always thinks of how she can work well. 她總是在想怎樣能把工作做好。She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 凡需要幫助的人，她都會給予熱情的支持。 3. 用whether或if引導的賓語從句，其主語和謂語的順序也不能顛倒，仍保持陳述句語序。例如：I doubt whether our team can win the match. 我懷疑我們

57、隊能否贏這場比賽。二、賓語從句考點1. 考查賓語從句的語序。賓語從句必須用自然語序，即使在疑問句中，從句也不倒裝（而在主句上倒裝）賓語從句的語序是陳述語序，即“連接詞+主語+謂語+其它成分”。特別強調：它的主語和謂語的語序是陳述語序，而不是疑問句的倒裝結構。Can you tell me who(m) do we have to see?()Can you tell me who(m) we have to see?( )The teacher asked the students what they were doing.(思考: what在從句中的成分)陳述句變?yōu)橘e語從句時，要注意人稱和時

58、態(tài)的變化，語序不變。 例如：She said, “I will leave a message on the desk.” She said she would leave a message on the desk.一般疑問句和特殊疑問句變?yōu)橘e語從句時,也要注意人稱和時態(tài)的變化,后面接陳述語序。Eg. “Where are the tickets?” I asked him. I asked him where the tickets are.2. 考查時態(tài)。賓語從句應同主句在謂語時態(tài)上保持一致。主句謂語是現(xiàn)在時，賓語從句的謂語可以是任意時態(tài)；主句謂語是過去時，賓語從句的謂語必須是過去的某種

59、時態(tài)，（賓語是客觀真理時則無此限制）I thought (that) you are free today. ()I thought (that) you would be free today. ( )【注意】當賓語從句敘述的是客觀真理時，不管主句謂語的時態(tài)如何，從句都用一般現(xiàn)在時。例如：The teacher told us (that) the earth moves around the sun.3. 考查連接詞的選用1）連詞that，只起連接作用，在從句中不作句子成分，也無詞匯意義，在口語中常被省略。He knew (that) he should work hard.2）連詞if、

60、whether，它們起連接作用，在從句中不作句子成分，作“是否”解，在口語中多用if。Tom dont know if/whether his grandpa liked the present.He asked me whether or not I was coming.一般情況下，if 和whether可以互換，但以下3種情況只能用whether：在不定式前：Whether to go there or not hasnt been decided.在介詞前：It depends on(依靠) whether it is going to rain.與or not連用：They are