虛擬語氣知識點(diǎn)

1、語氣的分類英語的動詞一般可帶三種不同的語氣：陳述語氣，祈使語氣和虛擬語氣。不同的語氣用動詞的不同形式來表示。.陳述語氣(The indicative Mood)用來陳述一個事實(shí)，或提出一種看法，有肯定，否定，疑問或感嘆等形式。I am not interested in what you said.Have you ever been to France?What a splendid palace!.祈使語氣(The Imperative Mood)用來表示請求，應(yīng)請，命令，警告或勸告等 Let s have a talk.Don t jump in the queue.虛擬語氣(The S

2、ubjunctive Mood )表示說話人所向的話不是事實(shí)，而是一中假設(shè)，愿望，懷疑或推測.虛擬語氣主要用于if條件狀語從句，也可用于名詞性從句等.If I were you, I would not leave her alone.Our teacher suggested that we go to lab this afternoon.虛擬語氣I. 1 . if條件句的虛擬語氣條件句的從句和主句的謂語動詞形式表如果假設(shè)的情況與事實(shí)相反， 或是根本不可能發(fā)生或是發(fā)生的可能性很小，這就是非真實(shí)條件句，即虛擬條件句。虛擬條件句的謂語動詞的形式是不同于真實(shí)條件句的謂語動詞形 式的。虛擬條件句有

3、三種情況。If條件句主句例句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí) 相反的假設(shè)If+主語+動詞的過去式(be動詞用were)主語+should, would, could, might+ 動詞原 形If I had enough money, I would buy the house.與過去事實(shí) 相反的假設(shè)If + 主語+ had +過去分詞主語+should, would, could, might+ have+ 過去分詞If you had listened to me yesterday, you would have finished the work.與將來事實(shí) 相反的假設(shè)If+主語+動詞的過去式If +主語

4、+were to +動詞原 形If + 主語+should+動詞原 形主語+should, would, could, might+ 動詞原 形If it were to rain tomorrow, the sports meeting would be put off.我要是處在你的位置，我就會幫助他的.如果我能年輕十歲，我會從頭開始.如果明天去見他，我會邀請他到我家.如果明天天氣好的話要是我們早來十分鐘，我要去游泳.,就能趕上飛機(jī)了 .如果當(dāng)時我有足夠的時間就能完成作業(yè)了。 特殊結(jié)構(gòu)的條件句：If it were not for，或If it had not been for ,”,前者

5、與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，后者與過去事實(shí)相反。相當(dāng)于 but for或without。例如：If it werent for your help , he could never go to college .要不是你的幫助，他絕不可能上大學(xué)。If it hadnt been for the captains efforts, the ship could have sunken.混合型的條件句按照條件句的謂語動詞形式表，其主句和從句的謂語動詞是相互呼應(yīng)的，有著固定的搭配關(guān)系。但有時主句和從句的謂語動詞并不相互呼應(yīng)，這種條件句叫混合條件句。 較多見的混合型條件句是從句用過去完成時(指過去行為)，而主句指

6、目前狀態(tài)。例如：He would pass the test if he had taken my advice .如果他當(dāng)時聽了我的勸告，他現(xiàn)在就能通過考試了。If we had driven in turns yesterday, you would feel better now.如果我們昨天輪流開車的話，你現(xiàn)在會感覺好些了。如果她當(dāng)時聽醫(yī)生的話，她現(xiàn)在就好了 .如果你昨天告訴我這個消息，我現(xiàn)在就不會這么擔(dān)心了.如果我是你那樣意志堅定的人，我昨天就不會被那簡單的伎倆騙了。If I were a strong- willed man like you, I wouldn t have be

7、en taken in by the simple trick yesterday.虛擬條件句的省略情況省略if的虛擬條件句：如果虛擬條件句的謂語部分有 were, had和should時，可省略if,把were, had和should 放到從句主語前面去。Had you not helped me , I should have failed.Had it not been for the timely rain, we would have lost everything.Were it to rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the game

8、.Should they refuse our request, we could show them this picture.如果沒有 were, had和should則不能省略if,當(dāng)然也不能倒裝。2.含蓄的虛擬語氣另外，虛擬語氣還有其他一些表現(xiàn)方式，沒有明顯的虛假條件句出現(xiàn)，取而代之的是能表達(dá)類似意思的結(jié)構(gòu)或短語。這種情況被稱為含蓄的虛擬語氣。例如： 用介詞without （或with no）, but for等表示“如果沒有。But for air and water , nothing could live .Human beings could perish without th

9、e other forms of lives.副詞，連扃 or, otherwise, but, however 及 even though 等所連接的句子及其它含隱含條件 的結(jié)構(gòu)。如： He was very busy yesterday; otherwise, he would have come to the party.You could have passed the test, but you knew too little.解這類題的關(guān)鍵是要準(zhǔn)確判斷哪一部分用陳述語氣，哪一部分用虛擬語氣?！揪毩?xí)】1. If I ten years younger, I very happy.A.

10、 were, would be B. am, shall beC. were, shall be D. am, would be-You can ask your brother for help. -He is not at home. If he, I.A. is, would B. were, wouldC. is, willD. were, willIf you the doctors advice, you would have already recovered.A. followB. followedC. would followD. had followedIf he had

11、not missed the train, he there by then.A. might getB. might have gotC. gotD. had gotIf there were no subjunctive, English much easier.A.will beB.would have beenC.could have beenD.would be-Did you catch the plane? -No, if I had hurried, I.A. wouldB. would haveC. couldD. didI didnt see your sister at

12、the meeting. If she, she would have met my brother.A. has comeB. did comeC. cameD. had comeYou didnt let me drive. If we in turn, you so tired. A. drive, didnt getdrove, wouldnt get C. were driving, would get D. had driven, wouldnt have gotIf I out of my ink, I would have finished writing the paper.

13、A. didnt runB.shouldnt runC.havent runD. hadnt runIf you early tomorrow morning, you would be there by noon.A. have startedB.were startC.were to startD. had startedIf you to the moon one day, you would find it quite different from the earth.A. travelB.had travelledC.should travelD. have trarelledWha

14、t yesterday if you TV programme.A. would you do, hadnt watchB. would you have done, hadnt watchedC. could you do, didnt watchD. would you have done, didnt watch-Are you thinking about going to Dalian for the vacation?-No, but if I time, I very glad to go there.A. have, will beB. had had, would have

15、been C. had, would be D. had had, would bet for your help,I couldn t have made any progress.A.Had;not beenB.Should;not be C.Did;not be D.Not;be15. If you tell me all about it, I able to decide.A. would be B. could beC. wereD. shall betheir help in the past years, he would be living a hard life and m

16、ight even have starve todeath. A. WithB. If it were not forC. If it had not been for D. If notIf it had not rained yesterday, the ground muddy now.A. is notB. will not beC. would not beD. would not have beenYou any difficulty now, if you had made a more careful plan.A. wont meet with B. would not me

17、et with C. would not have met withD. have not met withHe did his best in everything,he would not have been what he was.A. andB. butC. otherwiseD. but thatHad you listened to the doctor, you all right now.A. arewerewould bewould have beenII虛擬語氣在名詞性從句中的運(yùn)用(一)虛擬語氣在賓語從句中的運(yùn)用1.動詞wish之后 1)過去式用來表示現(xiàn)在的愿望；2) “c

18、ould (would, might) +動詞原形”用來表示將來的愿望，雖實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性不大，但仍有實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能。I wish it were true . I wish I could live on the moon one day.3) “had +過去分詞或could (would, might) +have+過去分詞”都是用來表示無能為力 而過去愿望。 I wish you had called yesterday .How I wish I hadn t missed such a good chance.注意wish與hope的區(qū)別。wish后的賓語從句要用虛擬語氣，而 hope后的

19、賓語從句要用陳述語氣。但如果不定式做賓語時，則意思上無區(qū)別。I hope to see you. (I wish to see you .)。2.Would rather+從句,從句用虛擬語氣，常用過去時表示虛擬，但有時用過去完成時表示 對過去的虛擬。我寧可讓他明天去那.我寧愿她沒有做這樣的傻事.我們希望你不要在我們家里吸煙.3；表不提議、要求、命令、意志等動詞的賓語從句中，可用“should do”虛擬語氣，should可省。這類動詞有：insist, order, command , suggest, propose, advise,request, demand, require, as

20、k, decide, recommend, urge, prefer,等。例如： The doctor suggested that he shoulsnot go there.The villagers demanded that their fields should be returned.The officer ordered that all the soldiers should nt fire before he gave the order.The teacher recommended that we (should)read the novel.*注意：有時候，sugges

21、t可以不作“建議”講，而作“表明、解釋”等，則后面的從句就不用虛擬語氣。The big smiles suggested that he had passed the test.*同理，insist所“堅持”的內(nèi)容也有所不同，有時候意思是“堅決要求/一定要(做某事)”，用虛擬語氣。而有時候，堅持的是一個事實(shí)，不用虛擬語氣。The old man insisted that he was strong enough and that he should be sent to the front.(二).虛擬語氣在主語從句中的應(yīng)用1)主句中含有上述動詞 (堅決要命等)的被動式，如Its sugge

22、sted ( required, ordered, insisted, demanded, requested, desired )后 that引導(dǎo)的主語從句，要用同上的虛擬語氣“should +動詞原形” .Sould可省.例如:It is decided that a rescue party (should) be sent to bring the injured back.It is requested that we students should study hardIt has been suggested that the meeting (should) be put of

23、f.2) 主句中含有 important, natural, necessary, strange, advisable, better, best, desirable 等形容詞, pity, shame等名詞時，表示驚奇，竟然，惋惜，理應(yīng)如此等，要用should+動詞原形，如：It isimportant that we should learn English well.It is necessary that we should clean our classroom every day.It is natural that a mother should take care of t

24、heir children.It is strange that he should have made such a silly mistake.It is better / best that we should develop good habits.It is a pity that she should have missed such a good chance.(三)虛擬語氣在表語從句和同位語從句中的應(yīng)用在 proposal, suggestion, advice, order, command, desire, decision , advice,等表示提議、要求、命令等名詞的

25、后面的表語從句和同位語從句中，可用或“ should +動詞原形”虛擬語 氣,should可省.例如： His suggestion is that the meeting (should) be put off.My teachers advise was that I (should)choose the less famous university but the more suitable major.The general made an order that all the soldiers should set off at onceIII虛擬語氣在其它句型中的應(yīng)用1. as i

26、f/ as though引導(dǎo)的狀語從句或表語從句，有時用虛擬語氣。從句內(nèi)容與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，謂語動詞用一般過去時；與過去事實(shí)相反，謂語動詞用had +過去分詞；表示將來的可能性不大，用would/might/could +動詞原形。He looks as if he were a foreigner. He talked as if he had been to many places in the world.虛擬語氣在It is time that ,”句型中的應(yīng)用在“It +is + h high或about) time + (that)主語從句”句型中，可用did型虛擬語氣, 表示“做某

27、事的時間早完了或早該做了。 例如：Its time you went to bed.It is about time that I went and picked up my little son from school.It is high time that you got down to writing your papers.It is time that that we talked about our business.不可與 Its the first time that 混淆6It is time that you went to bed.It s the first time

28、 thahave been in this city.在if only引導(dǎo)的感嘆句中也要求用虛擬語氣，表示愿望。用一般過去時表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí) 相反的愿望；用would/could/might+動詞原形表示與將來事實(shí)相反的愿望；用過去完成 時表示與過去事實(shí)相反的愿望，常譯為“要是 就好了 ”.If only you would listen to our advice.If only I had not been busy last week! If only she could marry me!Without electricity human life quite different tod

29、ay.A.isB.will beC.would have been D.would beWhen a pencil is partly in a glass of water,it look as if it.A.breaksB.has broken C.were brokenD.had been brokent was urgent that he his mother immediately.A. callsB. calledC. callD. would callIt s high time that something to prohibit selling fake commodit

30、ies.A. must be done B. had been done C. be doneD. were doneD. would have beenD. wentThere was a traffic jam; otherwise I here on time.A. would be B. had beenC. should be6.I didn t goto the party, butIdo wish I there.A. wasB. wereC. had beenA.giveB.should giveC.be given8.I d rather you _right away.Al

31、eaveB.leftC.will leave9.It is required that youat six.A.will arriveB.arriveC.arrived7.The teacher agreed to the suggestion that the students10. If only I how to operate an electronic computer as you do.A. had known B. would know C. should knowD. knewtwo weeks to prepare for the exam.D. would be givenD. to leaveD. would arrive-You should have gone to the show with us yesterday. Its very good.I wished I, but I was busy with my report.A. hasB. didC. wo