2022年新教材高中英語Unit1ScienceFictionSectionⅡLearningAboutLanguage課件新人教版選擇性必修第四冊

1、內(nèi)容索引走近新課 一起感知語法探究 一起思考隨堂練習(xí)走近新課 一起感知語法感知寫出下列句子中被動語態(tài)的種類1.Next,the Chinese character Fu was attached upside down to our front door. 2.It is believed that when Fu is put upside down,happiness arrives. 3.The last time I went back to my hometown,a big power station was being built there. 一般過去時(shí)的被動語態(tài) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的

2、被動語態(tài) 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動語態(tài) 4.Eight novels have been written by this young girl up to now. 5.More work should be done to protect the environment. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動語態(tài) 含情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài) 語法探究 一起思考詞匯講解1.Whoever is charged with a crime should be presumed innocent until proven otherwise.(Page 4)任何被指控犯罪的人應(yīng)該在被證明有罪前假定為無罪。presume vt.& v

3、i.假設(shè);假定I presumed that he understood the rules.我想他明白這些規(guī)則?！竞献魈骄俊?讀一讀細(xì)觀察閱讀下列句子,寫出句中黑體部分的句型、結(jié)構(gòu)、詞性和含義Little is known of the youngest son;it is presumed that he died young.句型 It is presumed that.含義 據(jù)推測We must presume them to be innocent until we have proof of guilt.結(jié)構(gòu) presume.to be.含義 假定是There is a gener

4、al presumption that the doctor knows best.詞性 名詞含義 可能的事;假定說一說勤歸納presume vt.& vi.假設(shè);假定It is presumed that.據(jù)推測presume.to be.假定是presumption n.可能的事;假定【即學(xué)即用】 單句語法填空It is (presume) that walking does good to our health.I had to make a (presume) since I knew nothing about the case.Lets presume him (be) hones

5、t before having a discussion.presumedpresumptionto be完成句子據(jù)推測,大聲讀英語有利于提高我們的口語水平。reading English aloud will be helpful to improve our oral English.我們可以先假定他的理論是正確的。We can .It is presumed thatpresume his theory to be right2.They believe if AI can handle tasks like calculating and driving for us,we will

6、have more time for creating,thinking,and “being human”.(Page 4)他們認(rèn)為,如果人工智能能夠處理像是計(jì)算和為我們開車這些任務(wù),我們將會有更多的時(shí)間來創(chuàng)作、思考和“做人”。calculate vt.計(jì)算;核算;預(yù)測Benefit is calculated on the basis of average weekly earnings.補(bǔ)助金按平均周收入計(jì)算?！靖呖嫉渚洹?(2019天津高考)She calculated that going to a strangers house was a risky move,but she d

7、ecided to take the chance.她預(yù)料去一個(gè)陌生人的家是一個(gè)有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的行為,但是她決定去冒險(xiǎn)?！竞献魈骄俊?讀一讀細(xì)觀察閱讀下列句子,寫出句中黑體部分的句型、詞性和含義It is calculated that at least 47,000 jobs were lost last year.句型 It is calculated that.含義 據(jù)估算It turned out that the person was a cold and calculating killer.詞性 形容詞含義 精于計(jì)算的Our guess was confirmed by calculat

8、ion.詞性 名詞含義 計(jì)算說一說勤歸納calculate vt.計(jì)算;核算;預(yù)測It is calculated that.據(jù)估算calculating adj.精于計(jì)算的calculation n.計(jì)算【即學(xué)即用】 單句語法填空It is calculated in 1997 alone,about 2.3 million people died of that disease.完成句子老師計(jì)算了全班的平均分。The teacher .thatcalculated the average mark of the whole class這幅畫很珍貴,很難估計(jì)它的價(jià)格。The painting

9、 is so valuable that it is difficult .從他的話語中,我們可以確定他母親是個(gè)精于計(jì)算的人。From his words we could tell that his mother was .to calculate its pricea calculating woman語法講解知識脈絡(luò) 語法精講 被動語態(tài)一、被動語態(tài)概述語態(tài)是動詞的一種形式,用來說明主語和謂語動詞之間的關(guān)系。英語動詞有兩種語態(tài):主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者,被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。一般說來,只有及物動詞才有被動語態(tài)。 二、各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)由“b

10、e+動詞過去分詞”構(gòu)成。人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化是通過be的變化體現(xiàn)的。幾種常用時(shí)態(tài)的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成如下:一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):am/is/are+動詞過去分詞一般過去時(shí):was/were+動詞過去分詞一般將來時(shí):will/shall be+動詞過去分詞或am/is/are going to be+動詞過去分詞現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí):am/is/are being+動詞過去分詞過去進(jìn)行時(shí):was/were being+動詞過去分詞現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):have/has been+動詞過去分詞過去完成時(shí):had been+動詞過去分詞English is taught in most schools.大多數(shù)學(xué)校都開設(shè)英語課。Thei

11、r wedding was held in their hometown.他們的婚禮是在他們家鄉(xiāng)舉行的。 Do you think the book will be reprinted?你覺得這本書會重印嗎?He knew he would be punished for it.他知道自己會為此受到懲罰。注意 含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài):情態(tài)動詞+be+動詞過去分詞。Such work can be done in an hour or so.這樣的工作可以在一個(gè)小時(shí)左右做完。三、主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的方法1.把主動語態(tài)的賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語。2.把謂語變成被動結(jié)構(gòu),時(shí)態(tài)不變。3.有時(shí)把主動語態(tài)

12、中的主語放在介詞by之后做賓語,原做主語的人稱代詞要用賓格。All the people laughed at him.He was laughed at (by all the people).They were building the new bridge.The new bridge was being built (by them).We havent told her about it yet.She hasnt been told about it yet (by us).四、使用被動語態(tài)的場合1.不知道或沒有必要指出誰是動作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)。The bridge was built

13、last year.這座橋是去年建造的。2.當(dāng)更加強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的承受者時(shí),動作的執(zhí)行者由by引導(dǎo)置于謂語動詞之后,不需要時(shí)可以省略。The room hasnt been cleaned yet.房間還沒有被打掃。3.當(dāng)動作的執(zhí)行者不是人時(shí),多用被動語態(tài)。The whole village has been washed away by the flood.整個(gè)村莊都被洪水沖走了。五、主動形式表示被動意義的幾種常見情況1.某些連系動詞,如look,sound,smell,feel,taste,prove要用主動形式表示被動意義。The garden looks very beautiful.這個(gè)花

14、園看上去很美。2.某些與cant,wont等連用的不及物動詞,如move,lock,shut,open等。The door wont shut.這門關(guān)不上。3.某些可和well,easily等副詞連用的不及物動詞,如read,wash,clean,cook。The cloth washes well.這種布料好洗?！炯磳W(xué)即用】 把下列句子變成被動語態(tài)The citizens in this city use a great deal of water every day.A great deal of water every day by the citizens in this city.Y

15、ou should pay more attention to your table manners.Your table manners .is usedshould be paid more attention toHe gave her some money when he knew that she was in trouble.She when he knew that she was in trouble.The boy was making a kite when I saw him yesterday.A kite when I saw him yesterday.The yo

16、ung man has translated three novels up to now.Three novels up to now.was given some money by himwas being made by the boyhave been translated by the young man隨堂練習(xí)一、單句語法填空1.As we all know,Chinese (speak) by many people outside China.答案:is spoken2.He told me that the matter (look) into by the police t

17、hen.答案:was being looked3.Just a little patience!The program (broadcast) next Sunday.答案:will be broadcast4.Your homework should (finish) as soon as possible.答案:be finished5.When I got there,all the windows (clean) already.答案:had been cleaned6.The young trees (water) by the old man twice a week.答案:are watered7.The girl complained that the new text was hard (understand).答案:to understand二、翻譯句子1.It is reported that more than 20 people have been saved so far.答案:據(jù)報(bào)道,到目前為止20多人獲救了。2.When I arrived,the pictures were being drawn by the girls.答案