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1、中考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解集練科普環(huán)保類1、FamousInventionsandTheirInventorsX-rayswerediscoveredin1895byaGermanprofessor,WilhelmRoentgen.Peopleallovertheworldwereamazedbyhisinvention,theX-raymachine.ThisinventionwassoimportantthatRoentgenwonthefirstNobelPrizeforPhysicsin1901.ThetelephonewasinventedbyAlexanderGrahamBell,adoct
2、orandspeechteacher.ThefirstphonecallwasmadebyBellin1876.Hegotacid(酸)onhispantsbyaccidentandwantedhispartner,ThomasWatson,tohelphim.Thefirstwordsspokenonthetelephonewere“Mr.Watson,comehere!Ineedyou!”Televisionwasinventedin1926byJohnLogieBaird,aScottishinventor.Bairdstelevisioncertainlydidntlooklikeat
3、elevisiontoday!ElectronictelevisionsliketheoneswehavetodaywereinventedbyVladimirZworykininthe1920sintheUnitedStates.Thefirstcomputerwasbuiltin1946bytwoAmericanengineers,J.PresperEckertandJohnW.Mauchly.Itwasdevelopedforthearmy,anditwassolargethatittookupthewholeroom!Later,in1971,the“microchip”wasinve
4、nted,andsmallhomecomputerswerefirstproducedforpersonaluse.Todaycomputersareinvolvedinalmosteverythingwedoandarefoundalmosteverywherewego.根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,判斷正(?。┱`(F)?!拘☆}1】X-rayswerediscoveredbyaScottishinventorin1901.【小題2】WilhelmRoentgenwonthefirstNobelPrizeforPhysics.【小題3】ThetelephonewasinventedbyaGermanprofe
5、ssor.【小題4】Thefirsttelevisionandtheoneswehavetodaylookedthesame.【小題5】TwoAmericanengineersbuiltthefirstcomputerin1946.2、Whatdoyouseewhenyoulookatabstract(抽象)art?Doesitmakesensetoyou?Doesitlooklikeanything?Abstractartbecamepopularintheearly20thcentury.Artistsdidnotwanttopaint,draw,orsculptthingslikethe
6、ylooked.Theydidntwanttheirarttoberealistic(現(xiàn)實(shí)的).Theyweremoreinterestedinbasicshapes(基礎(chǔ)的造型)andcolours.Picassoisprobablythemostfamousoftheseartists.Hepaintedanddrewinmany,manystyles.Sometimesheusedalotofbluecolours(his“blueperiod”).Later,heusedmoreredandpinkcolours(his“roseperiod”).Manyofhisotherpaint
7、ingsarecalled“cubist(立體畫派)”becausetheyaremadeofpaintedsquares.Afteralongtime,Picassospaintingsbecamemoreandmoreabstract.Hepaintedpeopleandthingsusingstrangeshapes.Hisworkwassooriginal,manyhisfellowartistsdidntunderstandit.Kindinsky,anotherfamousartist,usedlines,shapes,andpatternstopainthissubjects.H
8、ispaintingsalsousedstrongcolourstoexpressfeelings.Otherartistslikethesurrealists(超現(xiàn)實(shí)主義者),theywereinterestedinthesubconscious(潛意識(shí)).PainterslikeBretonandMagritteusedmanysymbols(象征)intheirwork.Themeaningorsubjectoftheirworkwasntalwaysclear.Dai,anotherartist,paintedpicturesthatlookedlikedreams.Thereares
9、tillmanyabstractartistsaroundtheworld.Itsoftenhardtosaywhattheirartisabout.Thatsthewaymanyartistslikebetter.Theywanteachpersontolookatartandfindtheirownmeaninginit.【小題1】Whichwouldbemostlikeabstractart?Aapaintingofahorseasculpture(雕塑)ofacarCadrawingoftwopeopleinacoffeehouse.D.Aredandbluepainting,with
10、noclearsubject.【小題2】WhathappenedtoPicassosworkafteralongtime?Itbecamemoreabstract.Itbecamelessoriginal.HewentfromusingredcolourstousingbluecoloursHeonlypaintedwithcolouredsquares【小題3】Whoisprobablythemostfamousabstractartist?ABretonBDali.CPicassoDMagritte【小題4】WhichofthefollowingisNottrue?APicassopain
11、tedinmanydifferentstyles.BDaliwasinterestedindreams.CAbstractartistsfeeleachworkofartonlyhasonemeaningDMagrittesartwasfullofsymbols.3、閱讀下面的材料,根據(jù)材料的內(nèi)容,選擇正確答案填空。Tigersarestronganddangerousanimals.Butnowtheyareindanger.Inthepast,therewereeightkindsoftigersintheworld.Butduringthe20thcentury,onlyfivewere
12、left.ThenumberofSiberiantigers(東北虎)wasabout300,butnowitislessthan22.Theyreindangerofdyingout.Ifthegovernmentdoesnothing,wewontbeabletoseethemintentotwentyyears.Inordertostoppeoplefromhuntingandkillingwildtigers,andinordertomakewildtigersmore,theWorldWildlifeFund(世界自然基金會(huì))hasstartedaprogram(項(xiàng)目)recentl
13、y(最近).Chinaandtwelveothercountriesjoinedit.However,itsnotenough.Rememberthatnatureisafoodchain(鏈).Ifwehurtandkilltoomanywilddeerandpigs,wildtigerswilldieoutbecauseofhunger(饑餓).Sothemostimportantthingistosavetheanimalsthattigerseat.Inordertoprotectthewildtigers,weneedcallon(號(hào)召)morepeopletostopeating,
14、huntingandkillingwildanimals.根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,選擇正確答案。【小題1】Duringthe20thcentury,kindsofwildtigerswereleft.A3B5C8D20【小題2】ThenumberofthewildSiberiantigersreduced減(少)about.A5%B22C93%D30%【小題3】Wildtigerswillbeindangerofdyingoutwithout.ApigsBdeerCpeopleDAandB【小題4】WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?ATherearelesst
15、han22wildSiberiantigersnow.BTherearetwelvecountriesintheWorldWildlifeFund.CWildtigersmainlyfeedonpigsanddeer.DItsourdutytoprotectthewildtigers.【小題5】Thepassagemainlytellsus.AwhyandhowdoweprotectthewildtigersBthegovernmentdoeseverythingtheycouldtoprotectthewildtigersCthewildtigerswilldieoutintentotwen
16、tyyearsDthemostimportantthingistosavetheanimalsthattigerseat4、閱讀下面短文,從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng)。Atpresent,toomuchcarbondioxide(二氧化碳)makestheearthwarmerandwarmerandcausesterribleeffecttohumanbeingsTosaveourplanet,tosaveourselves,anewlifestylecalledlow-carbonlife(低碳生活)becomespopular.Lowcarbonmeanslow
17、energyandnowasteItisnecessaryforeverybodytolearntolivealow-carbonlife.Tolivealow-carbonlife,wedbettersaveenergyaspossible.TurnoffthelightsandTVwhenevertheyarenotneeded.Ifpossible,usecoldwatertowashclothesordishes.Takeashortshowerandtrytotakeacoldonewhentheweathergetswarm.Dontdothecookingwithelectric
18、ity.Tolivealow-carbonlife,weshouldeatlessmeat.Everybodyknowseatingtoomuchmeatmakespeoplefatandeasytohaveheartdisease,butmaybeyoudontknowkeepinganimalsforfoodproducesevenmorecarbondioxidethanallthecarsintheworld,andbeingavegetariancanhelpreduceoneandahalftonsofcarbondioxideayear.Maybeitisalittlediffi
19、cult,butitsreallynecessary.Tolivealow-carbonlife,wearesupposedtodolessshopping.Whenwegoshopping,wemaydriveacarortakeothertransportations.Ontheonehand,thesemachinespollutetheairandwasteenergy.Ontheotherhand,mostofusalwaysbuysomeuselessthingsbecauseofsomeadvertisementsItisnotonlyawasteofmoneybutalsoca
20、usestroubletotheearth,becauseasyouknow,makingeverythingwillproducecarbondioxidemoreorlessTherearemanyotherwaystolivelow-carbonlife,suchasrecyclingthings,plantingtreesandreusingtextbooksIfwecankeepitahabitinourdailylife,theearthwillbecomeasaferplanetforustoliveon根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,選擇正確答案。【小題1】makestheweatheronth
21、eearthgetwarmerALittlerubbishBAwasteofmoneyCToomuchcarbondioxideDAwasteofwater【小題2】WecantosaveenergyinourdailylifeAuselesselectricityBgotosleepwithlightsonCwashclotheswithhotwaterDdrivecartowork【小題3】Theunderlinedword“it”inthethirdparagraphmeansAeatinglessmeatBhavingheartdiseaseCkeepinganimalsforfood
22、Deatinglessvegetables【小題4】WeshoulddolessshoppingbecauseAwastingmoneycausestroubletopeopleBtheadvertisementsaresometimesmisleadingCthelessyoushop,thelesscarbondioxidewillbeproducedDsomeofthethingsyouboughtareuseless【小題5】Ifeverybodylivesalow-carbonlife,AwewillwastemoreenergyBtherewillbelesscarbondioxi
23、deCtheearthwillbecomeadangerousplacetoliveonDtherewillbemorecarbondioxide5、閱讀下列內(nèi)容,從每小題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出一個(gè)最佳答案。DSomepeoplethinkthatsingingcanliftourspirits(情緒),whilesomeotherpeopledontthinksoTheydontlikesingingandtheythinksingingcannevermakethemhappyIdothinksingingcanmakeusfeelgood,anditcanliftourspi
24、ritsLetmetellyoumoreaboutthatSomeresearchers(研究者)oncedidsomesurveysandproveditThesurveysshowthatsingingcanbringalotofhealthbenefits(益處).Ifyousingwithyourfriends,theeffectsmaybeevenbetterJohnLennonwasonceateacherofVocalPerformance(聲樂(lè)表演)atEmporiaStateUniversity.Hesays,“Singingisaninborn(天生的)need.Babie
25、ssingtothemselvesandtheyseemsohappy.Likebabies,whenwesing,wefeelsogoodandsingingmakesusfeelevenbetter.IlikesingingandIamhappyeveryday.”Musicisapartofhumannature.Andsingingisaformofexpressionthatcanbeunderstoodbyeveryone.Somepeoplesaythatmusicislikeakindoflanguage.Thelanguagecanshowpeoplesopinionsand
26、attitudes(態(tài)度)totheirlife.Somesongscancheerpeopleupwhentheyareintrouble.Somesongscanmakepeoplehappyandexcited.ThatswhytheTVshowTheVoiceofChinaissopopularwithpeople.【小題1】Accordingtosomesurveys,singingcanbring._healthbenefitshealthproblemshappinessandsuccesssometrouble【小題2】Theunderlinedword“expression”
27、probablymeans“”inChinese.A運(yùn)動(dòng)B表情C表達(dá)D放松【小題3】TheTVshowTheVoiceofChinaispopularbecauseAallthesingersaregoodatsinginganddancingBsongsmakepeoplehappyandexcitedCallthesingerslookniceincoolclothesDsongsarewrittenbythesingersthemselves【小題4】WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?AAllpeoplethinksinging
28、canliftourspiritsBSomepeopledontlikesinginganddontthinkmusiccanmakethemhappyCIfyousinginagroup,therewillbenobenefitsDNobabieseversingtothemselves6、閱讀填空EverytimeweturnontheTVortakearideinacar,wecouldbeaddingtoaproblemcalledacidrain(酸雨).Inthisarticle,welllearnsomethingimportantaboutacidrainTheformatio
29、nofacidrainWhenpeopleusefuels(燃料),suchascoalandgasoline(汽油),poisonous(有毒的)gasesaregivenoff.Whenthesegasescometogetherwithrain,acidrainforms.Manypowerstationsburnfuelsinordertocreatetheelectricity(電)thatweuseinourhomesandofficeseveryda.yCarsandtrucksalsosendthesegasesintotheairwhentheyburngasolin.eWh
30、enrainmeetsthesegases,harmfulthingscalledacidsform.Thisisacidrain.TheharmofacidrainAcidraindestroys(破壞)everything.Itpoisonsourrivers,pondsandlakesandoceansalongwiththelifeinthem.Itpollutesoursoilsandcrops,harmtrees,andcancausethedeathoffishandplants.Acidrainalsoeatsawayatourbuildings.Thepreventionof
31、acidrainWeneedtoreduceandevenstopthepollutionthatgetsintoourair.Turnofflights,televisionsandotherelectricalappliances(電器)ifwearenotusingthem.Walkandtakeabikewheneverpossible.Ifwearetravellingalongdistance,takeabusortraintosavefuel.Asresearchshows,acidrainharmsourenvironmentButpeopleeverywherecantake
32、smallstepsnowtohelpprotectourenvironmentandmakeourchildrenchangeVKtennwweineele-ctricityrdriveourcarsw進(jìn)msyaddsomethingb-adthearoirndus,Andevenworse,wemaycauseawrriMeproblemandrain.血fonuationofaddrainWIi亡口fuels,suchasc-oalandgasolineaiebunithaimfulare-sen!intotheair,lAiienthese.gases1.witliraiiLacidr
33、ainfarms.ThfharmofacidlainAcidrainisgreatly2.iotheemircmiLentItnukesourtimers.iwn4sand.lakessodoceansdinvand3.fishand.plants-Auditcancorrode腐tt)buildings審丈livein.頂preenii&TLofacidrainTryingtflp埠k恫thepollwtiMth就辭tswfethewis4-.Kwth亡electricalatnsliaiues-affivhiktlwvarenotinuse.UeeaiLalsousedifEeienivr
34、aywsfuafficromake-lessuseoffuels.劃k$站tacidum旳皆Erorrn粕仁Sq呼pkvoundtiwGantattsmallsistdsnewto5.ourkids.7、閱讀下列短文,從每小題的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。DAlmosteveryonehasdroppedsomefoodonthefloorandstillwantedtoeatit.Ifsomeonesawyoudropit,heorshemighthaveshouted,“5-secondrule!”Thisso-calledrulesaysfoodisOKtoeat訐youpic
35、kitupinfivesecondsorless.Butisthattrue?ProfessorAnthonyHiltonfromAshtonUniversity,UK,testedtherulewithhisstudents.Theyfoundthatfooddroppedforfivesecondsislesslikelytocontainbacteria(纟田菌)than訐itsitsthereforlonger.Forthestudy,Hiltonandhisstudentstestedalotoffoodsbread,pasta,cookiesandcandytoseehowmuch
36、bacteriatheyhadwhentheymadecontactwiththefloor.Theyallowedthefoodtolieonthedifferenttypesofflooring一carpet(地毯),laminate(復(fù)合地板)andtile(瓷磚)一forthreesecondsto30seconds.Notsurprisingly,thelongerthefoodwasonthefloor,themorebacteriaithad.Andthetypeoffloorwherethedroppedfoodlandedhadaneffect.Bacteriaareleas
37、tlikelytotransfer(轉(zhuǎn)移)fromcarpet,whiletheyaremostlikelytotransferlaminateortiledsurfaceaftermorethanfiveseconds.Thestudyalsofoundthatthewetterthefood,themorelikelyitwastopickupbacteria.Althoughmostpeoplearehappytofollowthe5-secondrule,eatingfooddroppedonthefloorstillcarriesaninfection(感染)risk.“Itvery
38、muchdependsonwhichbacteriaareontheflooratthetime.”HiltontoldForb.es【小題1】Whatisthe“5-secondrulemean?Peopleoftenshoutatsomeonewhentheydropfoodonthefloor.Foodissafewhenyoupickitupoffthefloorinlessthanfiveseconds.Itsbettertoeatdroppedfoodwhenitsbeenonthefloorforoverfiveseconds.Foodwillgobadwhendroppedfo
39、odonthefloorinfivesecondsorless.【小題2】WhereisAshtonUniversity?IntheUSA.InEngland.InChina.InFrance.【小題3】Hiltonstestwantedtofindout.ifthe“5-secondrule”istruethestudentsfavoritefoodwhichfoodiseasilydroppedifdifferenttypesoffloorhavedifferentbacteria【小題4】Accordingtothetest,welearnthefollowingEXCEPT.thedr
40、oppedfoodhadmorebacteriaifitsatonthefloorforlonger.thedroppedfoodonthecarpethadtheleastbacteria.bacteriawasimpossibletotransferfromlaminateortiledsurfaces.Dthewetterfoodwaslikelytopickupbacteria.【小題5】Accordingtothearticle,theinfectionriskofthedroppeddoesNOTdependon.AhowlongthefoodsitsonthefloorBwhat
41、thedroppedfoodisCwhatthebacteriaareDwhattheweatherislikethatday8、Doyouknowwhydifferentanimalsorpestshavetheirspecialcolours?Coloursinthemseemtobeusedmainlytoprotectthemselves.Somebirdslikeeatinglocusts(蚱蜢),butbirdscannoteasilycatchthem.Why?Itisbecauselocustschangetheircolourstogetherwiththechangeoft
42、hecoloursofcrops.Whencropsaregreen,locustslookgreen.Butastheharvesttimecomes,locustschangetothesamebrowncolourascropshave.Someotherpestswithdifferentcoloursfromplantsareeasilyfoundandeatenbyothers.Sotheyhavetohidethemselvesforlivesandappearonlyatnight.Ifyoustudytheanimallife,youllfindthemainuseofcol
43、oursisprotectingthemselves.bears,lionsandotheranimalsmovequietlythroughforests.Theycannotbeseenbyhunters.Thisisbecausetheyhavethecoloursmuchlikethetree.Haveyouevernoticedanevenmorestrangeact?Akindoffishintheseacansendoutakindofveryblackliquid(液體)whenitfacesdanger.Whiletheliquidspreadover,theenemiesc
44、annotfindit.Anditimmediatelyswimsaway.Soithasliveduptonowthoughitisntstrongatall.9、Whatisyourfavouritecolour?Doyoulikeyellow,orange,orred?Ifyoudo,youmustbeanactivepersonwhoenjoyslife.Doyoulikeblue?Ifyoudo,thenyouareprobablyquiet,shy,andwouldratherfollowthanlead.Coloursdoinfluenceourmoods.Ayellowroom
45、makesmostpeoplefeelmorecheerfulandmorerelaxedthanadarkgreenone;andareddressbringswarmthandcheertothesaddestwinterday.Ontheotherhand,blackisdepressing(令人壓抑的).TherewasablackbridgeovertheThamesRiver,nearLondon.Thenumberofpeoplewhokilledthemselvesonthatbridgeusedtobelargerthanonanyotherbridgeinthearea-u
46、ntilitwasrepaintedgreen.Lightandbrightcoloursmakepeoplenotonlyhappierbutalsomoreactive.Inthefactory,theworkerswillworkbetter,harder,andhavefeweraccidentswhentheirmachinesarepaintedorangeratherthanblack.【小題1】Mostpeoplefeelmoreinayellowroomthaninadarkgreenone.tiredB.boredC.relaxed【小題2】Whydidmorepeople
47、probablykillthemselvesontheblackbridgethanonanyotherbridge?Becausethebridgewastoocrowded.Becausepeopledidntlikethebridge.Becausethecolourofthebridgewasdepressing.【小題3】Whichcouldbetitleforthepassage?YourFavouriteColourTheSecretofColourTheColourofaBridge10、Whatcolourisyourname?WhatcolourisWednesday?Th
48、esequestionsmightsoundstrangetomostpeople,butsomecananswerrightaway.Onepersonsayshernameisthecolourred.Foranotherperson,Wednesdayisblue.Thesepeoplehaveaconditioncalledsynesthesia.Thismeanstheyexperiencetwosensesatthesametime.Forthesepeople,thesensesofsmell,sound,sight,touch,andtastearenotseparate(分開
49、的).Theymightseeandalsohearcolours,forexample,orhearaswellasfeelsounds.Themostcommonformofsynesthesiaistohearsoundsascolours,ApersonwithsynesthesiamighthearthenumberthreeasblueortheletterDasred.SomeonemightalwaysseegreenuponhearingthewordApril.Anotherpersonmightseedifferentcolourswhilelisteningtomusi
50、c.Somepeoplealsotastecolours.Tooneperson,beefmighttasteblueandtoanother,yellow.Somepeopleexperiencefeelingsincolour.Forexample,onepersonwithsynesthesiareportsfeelingpainasthecolourorange.Anotherformofsynesthesiaistoexperiencesoundsortastesasshapes.Somepeopleseemusicassquaresandcircles.Somepeopletast
51、easweetasasmoothball.Thereareotherformsofsynesthesia,aswell.Foroneman,differentwordshavedifferenttastes.Somewordstastelikepork;otherstastelikepotatoesoreggs.Synesthesiaisnotacommoncondition.Perhapsonlyonepersoninevery5,000hasit.Forthesepeople,theeverydayworldcanbeacolourfulandinterestingplace.【小題1】W
52、hatisthispassagemainlyabout?AAnunusualcondition.BPeoplewholikecolour.CThecolourofpain.DMusicandart.【小題2】Howmanypeopleprobablyhavesynesthesia?AOnly5,000intheworld.BOneoutofevery500.CAbout5million.DOneoutofevery5,000.【小題3】Whichisthemostcommonformofsynesthesia?AExperiencingtastesasshapes.BExperiencings
53、oundsascolours,CExperiencingwordsastastes.DExperiencingmusicasshapes,【小題4】WhichofthefollowingisNOTanexampleofsynesthesia?AFeelingpaininred.BTastingbeefasgreen.CFeelingwarminApril.DSeeingmusicassquares.11、PeoplethinkoficecreamasanAmericanfood.Yet,icecreamreallycamefromAsia.Inthelate1200sMarcoPolo,the
54、greatexplorer,issaidtohaveseenrichAsianseatingdishesofice.Camelshadbroughttheicefromdistantmountains.Beforeitwasserved,theicehadbeenflavored(調(diào)味)withfruits.MarcoPolobroughtthisnewdishtoItaly,InFrancecookschangedtheicerecipe(配方)andmadeicecream.Atfirst,cookstriedtokeeptherecipeasecret.Theywantedittobea
55、specialdishforrichpeople.Bythelate1700s,though,icecreamwassoldthroughoutEuropeandAmerica.SomegreatAmericanslovedicecream.GeorgeWashingtonwasthefirsttobuyaspecialmachineformakingit.WhenThomasJeffersonreturnedfromFrance,hebroughtanicecreamrecipehomewithhim.DollyMadison,wifeofPresidentJamesMadison,also
56、likedicecream,andsheoftenserveditattheWhiteHouse.Actually,afamousbrand(品牌)oficecreamwasevennamedafterher.Inthelate1800s,theicecreamindustrybegantogrow.Awayofkeepingicecreamfrozenhadbeenfound,soicecreammakersdidnothavetoworryabouticecreammelting(融化)anymore.【小題1】Whendidicecreambecomewell-knowninmanyco
57、untries?AInthe1200s.BInthe1500s,CInthe1600s.DInthe1900s.【小題2】Whodoyouthinkwasthemostimportantpersoninthehistoryoficecream?AMarcoPolo.BDollyMadison,CThomasJefferson.DGeorgeWashington.【小題3】Whycanicecreambesoldeverywheretoday?ABecausepeoplecanaffordtobuyit.BBecausetherearemanyrecipesforit,CBecauseitise
58、asytokeepitfrozen.DBecausemanypeoplelikeicecream.12、Itseemstobestrangetoyouthatthereisablindspot(盲點(diǎn))ontheeyes.Hereisaninterestingexperiment(實(shí)驗(yàn))thatcanmakesomethingdisappear(消失),whenoneeyeisopen.MakeacardaboutthesizeofapostcardandwritetwoEnglishlettersLandRonit,LontheleftandRontheright.First,holdthec
59、ardabout80cmawayandyouseeboththeletters.ThencloseyourrighteyeandlookattheletterRonlywithyourlefteye.Andnow,asyoumovethecardslowlytowardsyou,youllfindtheletterLdisappearing.Butifyoumovethecardnearertoyourface,youcanseetheletteragain.Nowdothesameexperimentwithyourlefteyeclosed,youllfindtheletterRdisap
60、pearing.Whydoestheletterdisappear?Itisbecausethereisablindspotontheeyes.Whentheimage(影像)oftheletterfallsontheblindspot,youcantseeit.Thatiswhyeitherofthelettersdisappears.【小題1】Thewriterofthepassagethinksthatthereisablindspotontheeyes.AfewpeopleknowBnooneknowsCmostpeopleknowDallthepeopleknow【小題2】Youfa
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