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1、十一、連詞和狀語從句狀語從句是高考的熱點(diǎn)之一。狀語從句又稱為副詞性從句,包括時間狀語從句、條件狀語從句、原因狀語從句、讓步狀語從句、目的狀語從句、結(jié)果狀語從句、方式狀語從句等。要求考生要充分理解和掌握狀語從句的用法。考查的重點(diǎn)集中在時間狀語從句、條件狀語從句、讓步狀語從句和目的狀語從句。試題的設(shè)置呈現(xiàn)綜合性和交叉性,往往與定語從句和名詞性從句結(jié)合起來考查,尤其對于不同性質(zhì)的連詞,要注意其在不同的語境中所表示的不同意義,正確地把握題干的語境意義和上下文的邏輯關(guān)系,是做好狀語從句試題的關(guān)鍵所在。 同時我們也要善于區(qū)分容易混淆的近似連詞的用法。由此可見,對狀語從句的考查在將來的高考中仍是重頭戲。因此

2、,在平常的學(xué)習(xí)中,理解、區(qū)分、掌握引導(dǎo)狀語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞,搞清主從句的語意及邏輯關(guān)系,是做好狀語從句題的關(guān)鍵所在??键c(diǎn)一 時間狀語從句1when,while和as(1)when既可引導(dǎo)一個持續(xù)動作,也可引導(dǎo)一個短暫動作,可用于主句和從句動作同時發(fā)生或從句動作先于主句動作,如:When I lived there, I used to go to the seashore on Sundays.我住在那里時,星期天常到海濱去。When the film ended, the people went back.電影一結(jié)束,看電影的人便回去了。當(dāng)when引出的時間狀語從句為系表結(jié)構(gòu),而且其主語和主句的

3、主語一致,其表語又是一個名詞時,就可以用以as引出的省略句,來代替when引出的從句。例如:As a young man(When he was a young man), he was fond of hunting. 他年輕時,喜歡打獵。(2)while引導(dǎo)的動作必須是持續(xù)性的,側(cè)重主句動作和從句動作相對比,如:Please dont talk so loud while others are working.別人在工作時,別高聲談話。While I was wodering at this, our schoolmaster took his place.正當(dāng)我對此不解時,我們校長就座了

4、。(3)as引導(dǎo)一個持續(xù)性動作,多用于主句和從句動作同時發(fā)生,如:He hurried home, looking behind as he went.他匆匆忙忙跑回去,一邊走一邊回頭看。John sings as he works.約翰一邊工作,一邊唱歌。(4)when還可用作并列連詞,其意義為“那時,這時”,相當(dāng)于and this/that time常用于下列句式:Somebody was doing something when.Somebody was about to/going to do something when.Somebody had just done somethin

5、g when.如:We were having a meeting when someone broke in.我們正在開會,這時有人破門而入。We were about to set off on our way, when it suddenly began to rain.我們正要動身,這時突然開始下雨了。此外還表示原因“既然”,如:It was foolish of you to take a text when you could easily walk there in five minutes.既然你能夠五分鐘內(nèi)輕易地步行去那兒,你乘出租車去真是太愚蠢了。(5)while作為并列

6、連詞,意為“而,卻”,表示對比。He likes pop music, while I am food of folk music.他喜歡流行音樂,而我喜歡民間音樂。(6)如果主句表示的是短暫動作,而從句用延續(xù)性動詞的進(jìn)行時態(tài)表示在一段時間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動作時,when與while可互換使用。如:When/While/As I was walking down the street, I came across an old friend of mine.我沿著街道走的時候,遇到了一位老朋友。2as soon as, immediately, the moment, the minute, no

7、 sooner.than.,hardly/scarcely.when. once(一且就)這些從屬連詞引導(dǎo)的從句都表示從句的動作一發(fā)生,主句的動作隨即就發(fā)生,常譯為“一就”,從句中用一般時態(tài)代替將來時態(tài),如:Once you remember it, youll never forget it.一旦你記住了它,將永遠(yuǎn)不會忘記。The moment I heard the voice, I knew father was coming.我一聽到聲音,就知道父親來了。No sooner had we arrived at the station than the train left.我們一到車站

8、,火車就走了。The boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother.一看到他的母親,男孩突然大哭。注意:no sooner.than;hardly/scarcely.when.這一結(jié)構(gòu)的時態(tài)搭配:no sooner與hardly/scarcely引導(dǎo)的主句謂語動詞應(yīng)用過去完成時,而than與when的從句中謂語動詞應(yīng)用一般過去時。此外,當(dāng)把no sooner和hardly/scarcely提到句首時,應(yīng)用倒裝程序。如:I had hardly got home when it began to rain.Hardly had I got

9、home when it began to rain.我一到家,就開始下雨了。3till, until和not.until(1)肯定句:主句謂語動詞必須是延續(xù)性動詞,主句、從句都為肯定式,意為“某動作一直延續(xù)到某點(diǎn)時間才停止”。如:He remained there until she arrived.他一直留到她來。You may stay here until the rain stops.你可以在這里呆到雨停。(2)否定句:主句謂語動詞必須是非延續(xù)性動詞,從句為肯定式,意為“某動作直到某時間才開始”。如:He wont go to bed till (until) she returns

10、.直到她回來,他才睡。(3)till不可以置于句首,而until可以。如:Until you told me I had no idea of it.直到你告訴我,我才知道這件事。(4)not.until 句型中的強(qiáng)調(diào)和倒裝說法It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it.(強(qiáng)調(diào)句型)Not until you tole me did I have any idea of it.(not until 置于句首主句要倒裝)4before和since若表達(dá)“還未就”“不到就”“才”“趁還沒來得及”時,需用連詞before。如:We h

11、ad sailed four days and four nights before we saw land.我們航行了四天四夜才看到陸地。We hadnt run a mile before he felt tired.我們跑了還不到一英里他就累了。Please write it down before you forget it.趁你現(xiàn)在沒忘把它記下來。Before I could get in a word, he had measured me.我還沒來得及插話他就給我量好了尺寸。before從句中謂語不用否定式,又如:Before they reached the station,

12、the train had gone.他們(還沒)到火車站前,火車已開走了。(1)It will be 一段時間before從句 “多久之后才”It will be half a year before I come back.半年后我就會回來。It wont be long before we meet again.不久我們會再相見的。從句的謂語動詞一般是非延續(xù)性動詞,主句的謂語動詞是延續(xù)性的或者是反復(fù)發(fā)生過的動作。從句的時態(tài)若是一般過去時,相應(yīng)地,主句中的時態(tài)是現(xiàn)在完成時或現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時。如:I have written home four times since I came here.

13、自從我到這兒來,我往家里寫了四封信。She has been working in this factory since she left school.她畢業(yè)后在這工廠工作四年了。(2)在It is時間since從句句型中,時間的計算一律從since從句的動作完成或狀態(tài)結(jié)束時算起,如:It is three years since the war broke out.戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)以來,有三年了。It is three years since she was in our class.她離開我們班有三年了。It is three years since he lived here.他不在這兒住已有

14、三年了。It is three years since I (have) smoked a cigar.(since I stopped smoking a cigar)我不吸煙有三年了。如果譯成“我吸煙有三年了?!睉?yīng)是:It is three years since I began to smoke.5every time, each time, next time, the first time, any time, all the time 等名詞短語用來引導(dǎo)時間狀語,表示“每當(dāng)每次,下次”。如:The last time she saw James, he was lying in b

15、ed.她最后一次看到詹姆士時,他躺在床上。You are welcome to come back any time you want to.他想回來隨時可回來??键c(diǎn)二 地點(diǎn)狀語從句引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句的從屬連詞有:where, wherever。指具體地點(diǎn)時,從句可用于主句之前或之后,表示抽象條件的含義時,從句須放在主句之前。如:Where there is will, there is a way.有志者,事竟成。Wherever there is smoke,there is fire.無火不生煙。(即無風(fēng)不起浪。)注意區(qū)分引導(dǎo)的定語從句與狀語從句。Youd better make a ma

16、rk where you have any questions.(狀語從句)你最好在有問題的地方做一個標(biāo)記。Youd better make a mark at the place where you have any questions.(定語從句)你最好在你有問題的地方做一個標(biāo)記??键c(diǎn)三 原因狀語從句1引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的從屬連詞有:because,as,since,now that,seeing that,considering that, 每個連詞的含義不盡相同。如:We were glad because we had you with us.我們因為有你在而高興。Now that/S

17、ince everybody is here, lets begin our meeting. 既然每個人都來了,讓我們開始會議吧。2其他表示原因的方式除了狀語從句外,一些介詞短語同樣可以表示原因,這樣的短語有:because of;thanks to;due to;owing to等??键c(diǎn)四 目的狀語從句引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句的從屬連詞有:so that,in order that, for fear that, in case, lest等。1in order that與so that兩個連詞都意為“以便,為了”,引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中需用情態(tài)動詞,in order that比so that正式,引導(dǎo)

18、的狀語從句可置于主句之前或之后,而so that引導(dǎo)的從句只能置于主句之后。如:In order that we might see the sunrise, we started for the pack carly.為了我們能看到日出,我們很早動身出發(fā)去山峰。2for fear that, in case與lest這些從屬連詞引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句中謂語動詞要用(should)動詞原形,它本身帶有否定意義,相當(dāng)于so that.not.或in order that.not.如:Take your raincoat in case it should rain.帶把雨傘,以防下雨。考點(diǎn)五 結(jié)果狀

19、語從句1引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句的從屬連詞有:so that, so.that.,such.that.,在非正式語體中,由so.that.,such.that.引導(dǎo)的句子that可以省略,注意其結(jié)構(gòu)形式:so形容詞/副詞that從句so形容詞a/an可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)形式that從句somany/much/few/little名詞that從句sucha/an形容詞可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)形式that從句such形容詞復(fù)數(shù)名詞形式/不可數(shù)名詞that從句sucha lot of/lots of名詞that從句如:Mike is such an honest worker that we all believe him.M

20、ike is so honest a worker that we all believe him.邁克是一個如此誠實的工人,我們都喜歡他。It is such fine weather that we all want to go to the park.如此好的天氣,我都想去公園。He made so little money that he couldnt support his family.他掙如此少的錢以至于他不能養(yǎng)家糊口。試比較:It is not surprising that such little worms cat so little grain.這么小的蟲子吃這么少的谷

21、物并不令人感到驚訝。Tom studied very hard so that he passed the exams.湯姆學(xué)習(xí)很用功,結(jié)果考試及格了。注意:當(dāng)so,such置于句首時,主句要用倒裝語序。如:So clever was he a student that he was able to work out all the difficult problems.他是如此聰明的學(xué)生,能做出所有難題。2除結(jié)果狀語從句外,too.to.(太而不能),enough to.(達(dá)到某種程度可以),so.as to(那么以至于)等不定式結(jié)構(gòu)同樣可以表示結(jié)果。如:He didnt get up ca

22、rly enough to catch the bus.He got up too late to catch the bus.He got up so late as to miss the bus.他起床太晚,錯過了汽車??键c(diǎn)六 條件狀語從句引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的從屬連詞有:if,unless(if not),so (as) long as, in case, on condition that, suppose/supposing, provided that等。如:Youll fail the exam unless you study hard.(if you dont study ha

23、rd)你要努力學(xué)習(xí),否則會不及格。As long as you dont lose heart, you will succeed.只要不失去信心,你終會成功的。Suppose/Supposing (that) they refuse us, who else can we turn to for help?假若他們拒絕我們,我們向誰求助?考點(diǎn)七 方式狀語從句引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句的從屬連詞有:as,as if,as though等。方式狀語從句應(yīng)放在主句之后。其中as if或as though引導(dǎo)的從句一般用虛擬語氣,但如果從句中所陳述的情況很可能實現(xiàn),也可用陳述語氣。如:Do as you ar

24、e told to, or youll be fired.按你被告知的那樣去做,否則你會被解雇。The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son.老婦對待這位男孩似乎他是她自己的兒子。考點(diǎn)八 讓步狀語從句引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的從屬連詞有:1although/though,even though/even ifalthough與though兩者意思相同,一般可互換,都可以與yet,still或nevertheless連用,但不能和but連用。如:He is unhappy though/although he has a lot of mon

25、ey.盡管有許多錢,他并不幸福。Although/Though it was raining hard, yet they went on playing football.盡管下著大雨,然而他們繼續(xù)在踢足球。注意:還可用作副詞,意為“可是,然而”,置于句末。如:He said he would come. He didnt though.他說他會來,可是他沒有來。Even though/if it is raining, well go there.(陳述語氣)即使正在下雨,我們也將去那兒。Even if I were busy, I would go.(虛擬語氣)即使我很忙,我還是要去。2

26、as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句須倒裝as從句一般放在主句之前,須用倒裝語序。從句中的表語/狀語或動詞原形置于句首。若表語是名詞,前置時要省略冠詞。如:Child as he is, he knows a lot.盡管他是孩子,他卻懂得很多。Much as I like it, I wont buy it. For its too expensive.雖然我很喜歡,但我不會買的,因為太貴了。Try as he might, he could not find a job.不管他怎樣努力,他還是找不到工作。3whether.or.;疑問句ever與no matter疑問詞。如:Whether you bel

27、ieve it or not, it is true.不論你是否相信,它都是真的。Whatever(No matter what)you say, he wont believe you.無論你說什么,他都不相信你。Whoever you are(No matter who you are),you must obey the rules.無論你是誰,你必須遵守規(guī)則。注意:whoever, whatever, whomever, whichever 還可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。如:You can take whatever you like.(賓語從句)你可以帶走你喜歡的任何東西??键c(diǎn)九 比較狀語從

28、句比較狀語從句常用than,so(as).as,the more.the more等引導(dǎo)。I have made a lot more mistakes than you have.我犯的錯誤比你犯的多得多。The busier he is, the happier he feels.他越忙,就感到越幸福??键c(diǎn)十 狀語從句中的省略現(xiàn)象1時間狀語從句中常見的省略形式:Dont speak until spoken to.有人對你說話時你才說。Once seen, it can never be forgotten.一旦被看見,它便不會被忘記。While in Beijing, I paid a visit to the Summer Palace.在北京時,我參觀了頤和園。Pressure can be reduced when needed.必要時壓力可減。I prefer my milk a little sweet whenever possible.可能的話,我喜歡牛奶甜點(diǎn)。He was a swimmer when a child.他小時候就是一個游泳運(yùn)動員。As a young man

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