BUG生命周期手冊

1、缺陷生命周期手冊Introduction:引言Bugcanbedefinedastheabnormalbehaviorofthesoftware.Nosoftwareexistswithoutabug.Theeliminationofbugsfromthesoftwaredependsupontheefficiencyoftestingdoneonthesoftware.AbugisaspecificconcernaboutthequalityoftheApplicationunderTest(AUT).缺陷可以被定義為軟件的異常行為。不存在一個(gè)缺陷的軟件是不存在的。消除軟件缺陷依賴于高效率的

2、測試。一個(gè)缺陷對于在測軟件來講是不容小視的。BugLifeCycle:缺陷生命周期Insoftwaredevelopmentprocess,thebughasalifecycle.Thebugshouldgothroughthelifecycletobeclosed.Aspecificlifecycleensuresthattheprocessisstandardized.Thebugattainsdifferentstatesinthelifecycle.Thelifecycleofthebugcanbeshowndiagrammaticallyasfollows:在軟件開發(fā)過程中，缺陷擁有

3、自身的生命周期。缺陷在走完其生命周期最終會(huì)關(guān)閉。確定的生命周期保證了過程的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化。缺陷在其生命周期中會(huì)處于許多不同的狀態(tài)。缺陷的生命中期通過下圖展示了出來：淺綠色狀態(tài)為測試員設(shè)置淺藍(lán)色狀態(tài)為開發(fā)人員設(shè)置缺陷各個(gè)不同的狀態(tài)如下：New新建Open打開Assign指派Test測試Verified確認(rèn)Deferred延期Reopened重新打開Duplicate重復(fù)Rejected拒絕Closed關(guān)閉DescriptionofVariousStages:New:Whenthebugispostedforthefirsttime,itsstatewillbe“NEW”.Thismeansthatthe

4、bugisnotyetapproved.1.新建：當(dāng)缺陷被第一次遞交的時(shí)候，它的狀態(tài)即為“新建”。這也就是說缺陷未被確認(rèn)其是否真正是一個(gè)缺陷。2.Open:Afteratesterhaspostedabug,theleadofthetesterapprovesthatthebugisgenuineandhechangesthestateas“OPEN”.打開：在測試者提交一個(gè)缺陷后，測試組長確認(rèn)其確實(shí)為一個(gè)缺陷的時(shí)候他會(huì)把狀態(tài)置為“打開”Assign:Oncetheleadchangesthestateas“OPEN”,heassignsthebugtocorrespondingdevelop

5、erordeveloperteam.Thestateofthebugnowischangedto“ASSIGN”.3.分配：一旦缺陷被測試經(jīng)理置為“打開”，他會(huì)把缺陷交給相應(yīng)的開發(fā)人員或者開發(fā)組。這時(shí)缺陷狀態(tài)變更為“分配”。Test:Oncethedeveloperfixesthebug,hehastoassignthebugtothetestingteamfornextroundoftesting.Beforehereleasesthesoftwarewithbugfixed,hechangesthestateofbugto“TEST”.Itspecifiesthatthebughasbee

6、nfixedandisreleasedtotestingteam.測試：當(dāng)開發(fā)人員修復(fù)缺陷后，他會(huì)吧缺陷提交給測試組進(jìn)行新一輪的測試。在開發(fā)人員公布已修復(fù)缺陷的程序之前，他會(huì)把缺陷狀態(tài)置為“測試”。這時(shí)表明缺陷已經(jīng)修復(fù)并且已經(jīng)交給了測試組。Deferred:Thebug,changedtodeferredstatemeansthebugisexpectedtobefixedinnextreleases.Thereasonsforchangingthebugtothisstatehavemanyfactors.Someofthemarepriorityofthebugmaybelow,lacko

7、ftimeforthereleaseorthebugmaynothavemajoreffectonthesoftware.延遲的：缺陷狀態(tài)被置為“延遲的”意味著缺陷將會(huì)在下一個(gè)版本中被修復(fù)。將缺陷置為“延遲的”原因有許多種。有些由于缺陷優(yōu)先級不高，有些由于時(shí)間緊，有些是因?yàn)槿毕輰浖粫?huì)造成太大影響。Rejected:Ifthedeveloperfeelsthatthebugisnotgenuine,herejectsthebug.Thenthestateofthebugischangedto“REJECTED”.不接受的：如果開發(fā)人員不認(rèn)為其是一個(gè)缺陷，他會(huì)不接受。他會(huì)吧缺陷狀態(tài)置為“不接受

8、的”Duplicate:Ifthebugisrepeatedtwiceorthetwobugsmentionthesameconceptofthebug,thenonebugstatusischangedto“DUPLICATE”.重復(fù)提交：如果同一個(gè)缺陷被重復(fù)提交或者兩個(gè)缺陷表明的意思相同，那么這個(gè)缺陷狀態(tài)會(huì)被置為“重復(fù)提交”8.Verified:Oncethebugisfixedandthestatusischangedto“TEST”,thetesterteststhebug.Ifthebugisnotpresentinthesoftware,heapprovesthatthebugis

9、fixedandchangesthestatusto“VERIFIED”.已核實(shí)：一但缺陷被修復(fù)它就會(huì)被置為“測試”，測試員會(huì)執(zhí)行測試。如果缺陷不再出現(xiàn)，這就證明缺陷被修復(fù)了同時(shí)其狀態(tài)被置為“已核實(shí)”。9.Reopened:Ifthebugstillexistsevenafterthebugisfixedbythedeveloper,thetesterchangesthestatusto“REOPENED”.Thebugtraversesthelifecycleonceagain.再次打開：如果缺陷被開發(fā)人員修復(fù)后仍然存在，測試人員會(huì)把缺陷狀態(tài)置為“再次打開”。缺陷即將再次穿越其生命周期。10.Closed:Oncethebugisfixed,itistestedbythetester.Ifthetesterfeelsthatthebugnolongerexistsinthesoftware,hechangesthestatus