專(zhuān)四語(yǔ)法：PART5-狀語(yǔ)從句

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上專(zhuān)心-專(zhuān)注-專(zhuān)業(yè)專(zhuān)心-專(zhuān)注-專(zhuān)業(yè)精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上專(zhuān)心-專(zhuān)注-專(zhuān)業(yè)PART5 狀語(yǔ)從句.Introduction狀語(yǔ)從句也是四級(jí)詞匯和句法部分考查的重點(diǎn)之一，就狀語(yǔ)從句而言，主要是根據(jù)主從句的關(guān)系判斷連詞的使用。因此，在準(zhǔn)備狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，主要任務(wù)是弄清楚各種狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞。 1時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞 表示時(shí)間的連詞有when, while, as, by the time, before, after, since, till/until, as soon as，有些名詞短語(yǔ)也可以引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，如the moment, the inst

2、ant, each time，有些是固定句型如：no sooner than hardly/scarcely when。 as強(qiáng)調(diào)同時(shí)，也表示一邊，一邊，while表示主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句的過(guò)程之中，要求從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞或持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，when的使用則比較簡(jiǎn)單，相當(dāng)于漢語(yǔ)的當(dāng)時(shí)候。如： Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores, and this is especially true _ it comes to classroom tests. A.when B.since C.before D.after四個(gè)

3、選項(xiàng)都表示時(shí)間，但根據(jù)主從句間的關(guān)系可以判斷答案 為A。 注意when的特殊句型 下列句型中when連接的不是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，但考試中卻常與其它時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞一塊出題。 were/was doing something when were/was about to do something when had just done something when 四級(jí)考題中不乏對(duì)上述結(jié)構(gòu)的考查，如： I had just started back for the house to change my clothes _ I heard voices. A.as B.when C.after D.w

4、hile I felt somewhat disappointed and was about to leave _ something occurred which attracted my attention. A.unless B.until C.when D.while 注意no sooner than .和hardly/scarcely when句中的時(shí)態(tài)。No sooner had I got to the bus stop than the bus started.Hardly had I got to the bus stop when the bus started. 注意n

5、ot until 中時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)可以提前。如 :_ quite recently, most mothers in Britain did not take paid work outside the home. A.Before B.Until C.From D.Since比較常見(jiàn)的提前方式是將not until.提至句首，后面用肯定形式，主謂倒裝。本題可以改成，Not until quite recently did most mothers in Britain take paid work outside the home.這時(shí)，句子采用主謂倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，應(yīng)注意。 在對(duì)名詞短語(yǔ)做連詞引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀

6、語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，常與名詞構(gòu)成的其它短語(yǔ)相區(qū)別。如： You see the lightening _ it happens, but you hear the thunder later. A.the instant B.for an instant C.on the instant D.in an instant 能夠引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的是名詞the instant，而不是由其構(gòu)成的介詞短語(yǔ)。 注意含有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的固定句型，如It wont be long before 和It is since兩類(lèi)句型。It wont be long before可以有三個(gè)變體，即：It was (not) +

7、一段時(shí)間 + before，It wont be + 一段時(shí)間+ before。如95年6月就有對(duì)此的考查： Scientists say it may be five or ten years _ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients. A.since B.before C.after D.when 2原因狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞原因狀語(yǔ)從句一般由because, since, as, now that, considering that, seeing that連接。對(duì)于表原因連詞本身的區(qū)別考查相對(duì)較少，主要是與其它狀語(yǔ)從句連詞

8、的對(duì)比。如： _ you are leaving tomorrow, we can eat dinner together tonight. A.For B.Since C.Before D.While _ that my head had cleared, my brain was also beginning to work much better. A.For B.Now C.Since D.Despite 1) 從以上兩題可以看出，首先，同學(xué)們要根據(jù)主從句的語(yǔ)意關(guān)系，確定是什么狀語(yǔ)從句，然后在進(jìn)行選擇。 2) 注意連詞的結(jié)構(gòu)，如2）為Now that的搭配。 3) 注意for, bec

9、ause, since/as的區(qū)別。一般說(shuō)來(lái)，for不表示原因，其所連接的是并列句，是一種解釋說(shuō)明，尤其是當(dāng)用結(jié)果來(lái)反證原因時(shí)。如： He must have experienced something very unpleasant, for he looks so upset. You must try to rid yourself of your carelessness, for it often leads to errors. 4) 注意引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句的還可以是considering/seeing that，其用法與since/as相同。如： Considering that

10、he is only a beginner, it is understandable for him to make such mistakes. Seeing that you have come, you may as well stay here for a few days. 3條件狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞涉及到條件狀語(yǔ)從句的考查題很多，如時(shí)態(tài)，虛擬語(yǔ)氣等。但從狀語(yǔ)從句的概念來(lái)講，這里我們所說(shuō)的是條件狀語(yǔ)從句性質(zhì)的判斷和連詞的選擇。要求同學(xué)們首先能理解主從句之間的關(guān)系，確定是條件狀語(yǔ)從句，然后在根據(jù)各連詞的特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行選擇。如： I am sure he is up to the job _ he

11、 would give his mind to it. A.if only B.in case C.until D.unless Well visit Europe next year _ we have enough money. A.lest B.until C.unless D.provided _ he works hard, I dont mind when he finishes the experiment. A.As soon as B.As well as C.As far as D.So long as 從以上考題來(lái)看，就條件狀語(yǔ)從句而言，同學(xué)們應(yīng)掌握以下幾點(diǎn)： 1) un

12、less與其它連詞的差別，unless表示的是If not 的意思。 2) if only或only if是一種強(qiáng)調(diào)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)if only 與unless肯定與否定條件的差別，可以判斷題答案為A。 3) provided (that)表示唯一的條件，相當(dāng)于if and only if，on condition that，如表示明年只要有錢(qián)，我們就去歐洲。 4) so/as long as表示條件時(shí)一般與其它類(lèi)似短語(yǔ)一同考查，如，四個(gè)短語(yǔ)都可以連接狀語(yǔ)從句，但表達(dá)意思有別，考試的目的就是考查同學(xué)們對(duì)句子的理解能力。 5) 另外注意，引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句的還可以是suppose/suppo

13、sing, in case, once等。 4讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞很多，但結(jié)構(gòu)差別比較大，比較容易掌握，只要能掌握各連詞的結(jié)構(gòu)和語(yǔ)義特點(diǎn)，準(zhǔn)確把握主從句的關(guān)系，讓步狀語(yǔ)從句則就不過(guò)是一塊蛋糕。先看一下下列各題： Ive already told you that Im going to buy it, _. A.however much it costs B.however does it cost much C.how much does it cost D.no matter how it costs _, he does get annoyed with her so

14、metimes. A.Although much he likes her B.Much although he likes her C.As he likes her much D.Much as he likes her _ the calculation is right, scientists can never be sure that they have included all variables and modeled them accurately. A.Even if B.As far as C.If only D.So long as _ their difference

15、s, the couple were developing an obvious and genuine affection for each other. A.But for B.For all C.Above all D.Except for 對(duì)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的考查特點(diǎn)：一是讓步狀語(yǔ)從句與其它狀語(yǔ)從句的對(duì)比，如，另一種是讓步狀語(yǔ)從句連詞自身的結(jié)構(gòu)功能，如兩題。下面我們就一起來(lái)看讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞功能： 1) although/though連接讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，表示“盡管”，從句用直陳語(yǔ)序，與漢語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)類(lèi)似。 2) as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句要求用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，如題?？商嶂辆涫椎挠忻~、原形動(dòng)詞、副詞、形

16、容詞等?？蓴?shù)名詞單數(shù)形式不用冠詞。如： Child as he is, he behaves like a grown-up. Fail as he did, he was not disappointed at all. Much as I tried, I failed to persuade him. 3) No matter + 疑問(wèn)詞和疑問(wèn)詞 + ever引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，表示不論誰(shuí)不論什么時(shí)間/地點(diǎn)/方式等等，從句用直陳語(yǔ)序。由此可以判斷上面題答案為A。 4) For all表示讓步時(shí)后面可以接從句，也可以接名詞短語(yǔ)，后接名詞時(shí)常與其它類(lèi)似短語(yǔ)比較，如。注意接從句： For all

17、 that he has a masters degree, I dont think he can outdo me in many aspects. 5) 其它用來(lái)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的還有whether or， even if， even though，和動(dòng)詞 + 疑問(wèn)詞+主語(yǔ)+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，如： Say what you will, he will turn a deaf year.So its better to keep silent. Doubt whom you may, you shouldnt doubt me. 5方式狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞相比之下，方式狀語(yǔ)從句則簡(jiǎn)單了許多。用來(lái)表示方式

18、的主要是as 和as if/though。如： I have made the change as you suggested. I remember the whole thing as if it happened only yesterday. 6結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞了解以下結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句的一些用法。熟悉一下結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句所在句式： 1) so that/ such .that 該句式中重要考查的是so和such的區(qū)別。應(yīng)注意以下可能出現(xiàn)的結(jié)構(gòu)： so nice a boy that such a nice boy that so beautiful/diligent/carefully th

19、at such (fine weather/great improvement) that 2) so that Everyone lends a hand, so that the sowing was done in time. 該句式中主要考查so that 與其它短語(yǔ)的區(qū)別，如： I took no notice of him, _ he flew into a rage. A.for that B.so that C.in that D.but that 由于so that也可以引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句，同學(xué)們應(yīng)特別注意從句中時(shí)態(tài)的運(yùn)用。 3) so much so that 該結(jié)構(gòu)用于形容

20、詞或副詞之后，表示到如此程度以致于。如： He was very weak, so much so that he could not walk. I long to visit Beijing, so much so that I dream about it every night. 4) 注意結(jié)構(gòu)狀語(yǔ)從句與too.to.enough to, so as to結(jié)構(gòu)的不同。 7目的狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞目的狀語(yǔ)從句是比較常用的，也是比較簡(jiǎn)單的狀語(yǔ)從句。就目的狀語(yǔ)從句而言，第一，同學(xué)們應(yīng)該清楚的是引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句各連詞所表達(dá)的語(yǔ)義差別，對(duì)于個(gè)別的狀語(yǔ)從句中的時(shí)態(tài)要求應(yīng)有所了解。具體測(cè)試中，主要是根據(jù)主

21、從句的語(yǔ)意邏輯關(guān)系來(lái)判斷從句的屬性。如： I was advised to arrange for insurance _ I needed medical treatment. A.nevertheless B.although C.in case D.so that The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he _ himself. A.injure B.had injured C.injured D.would injure 從這兩題我們可以看出， 1） 在解答狀語(yǔ)從句的試題時(shí)，首先是判斷主從句的邏輯關(guān)系，意思確定了，答案也就有了

22、。如第一題，安排保險(xiǎn)的目的是以防自己有朝一日需要醫(yī)務(wù)治療，而能表達(dá)這種目的含義的只有選項(xiàng)C。 2） 注意狀語(yǔ)從句中的時(shí)態(tài)，如lest后常用should + 原形動(dòng)詞，should可以省略，而第二題也正式對(duì)這一原則的考查。 3） 注意其它表目的連詞的用法，如for fear that表示恐怕以免等： The workers never complain though they are badly treated for fear that they might lose their job. 8地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句表示地點(diǎn)的自然是where或 wherever引導(dǎo)，要求同學(xué)們做到的就是在考試中能從上下文

23、中看出從句表地點(diǎn)的特征。如： Although he knew little about the large amount of work done in the field, he succeeded _ other more well-informed experimenters failed. A.which B.that C.what D.where I have kept the portrait _ I can see it every day, as it always reminds me of my university days in London. A.which B.w

24、here C.whether D.when 這種地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句一般是與定語(yǔ)從句相比較，如上面第一題，也可能與其它狀語(yǔ)相比較，如第二題。 自我補(bǔ)充：一時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句那到底哪些連詞引導(dǎo)的是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句呢有when while as untill till beforeafter as soon as the momentimmediately the second the minute once首先when while as大家都知道都是表示時(shí)間的當(dāng)什么什么時(shí)候但這三個(gè)詞之間的區(qū)別到底有哪些呢when一般地強(qiáng)調(diào)的是時(shí)間點(diǎn)while強(qiáng)調(diào)的是時(shí)間段as是表示一種伴隨比如說(shuō)當(dāng)我敲門(mén)的時(shí)候他正在看電視when

25、 I kocked at the doorhe was waching TVwhile是強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間段是表示兩個(gè)動(dòng)作是同時(shí)進(jìn)行的比如說(shuō) 當(dāng)我看電視的時(shí)候他正在讀報(bào)紙while I was waching TVhe was reading the newspaperas是表示伴隨表示一邊怎么樣一邊怎么樣比如說(shuō)我一邊走路一邊唱歌我就可以說(shuō)As I walk I sing a song那我們?cè)倮^續(xù)看一下下面的幾個(gè)詞比如說(shuō)as soon as大家都比較熟悉從初中的時(shí)候我們就學(xué)過(guò)它表示一怎么樣就怎么樣在這里面我給大家補(bǔ)充了幾個(gè)詞比如說(shuō)我們還可以看到the moment immediatelythe seco

26、nd the minute 這幾個(gè)詞用法其實(shí)跟as soon as是一樣的它呢都是表示一怎么樣就怎么樣在這里邊我特別要提醒咱們同學(xué)們注意的有一點(diǎn)也是非常重要的在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句用法那是什么呢我們要注意在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中當(dāng)我們?cè)诟鷮?lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)進(jìn)行連用的時(shí)候我們一定要注意主句用將來(lái)時(shí)從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)去替代也就是我們經(jīng)常在課堂中老師所提到的主將從現(xiàn)比如說(shuō)我們看一下 下面這個(gè)例句Ill let you know as soon ashe comes back這時(shí)候我們就注意主句應(yīng)該是will let從句我們不能寫(xiě)成是will come要寫(xiě)成是comes因?yàn)槲覀冎朗侵骶鋵?lái)時(shí)從句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)這里邊我們特別

27、要提到另外一個(gè)連詞since它不符合這個(gè)規(guī)則since本身的意思是自從所以說(shuō)它不可能一般的情況下不可能出現(xiàn)跟將來(lái)時(shí)去連用的這么一種現(xiàn)象那它的時(shí)態(tài)一般的情況是什么呢我們可以告訴大家一般的情況下主句是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)從句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)比如說(shuō)我們看下面的句子I havent met himsince he left school自從他離開(kāi)學(xué)校我就沒(méi)有再遇見(jiàn)過(guò)他好下面我們一起看第二種情況二原因狀語(yǔ)從句在原因狀語(yǔ)從句中呢又有哪些連詞呢有as since becausenow that或者是now一般的情況下as是強(qiáng)調(diào)就是說(shuō)人人去（節(jié)制）的這種現(xiàn)象比如說(shuō)由于它的意思一般在中文中我們要翻譯成由于放在句首的比較多有時(shí)

28、候也可以位于句中比如說(shuō)由于每人都在這了就讓我們開(kāi)始上課吧as everyone is herethat is beagin our class那since now that和now我們把它定為一組它呢是表示的是既然的意思一般的放在句首比較多既然你知道了我就不會(huì)再告訴你了since you knowI want tell you about itbeacause是最強(qiáng)調(diào)因果關(guān)系的一般句中句首都可以since or now that you felt tiredyou should take a good rest既然你感覺(jué)那么累那你就應(yīng)該很好地休息一下As you are all herelet

29、s start at once由于每個(gè)人都在這由于你在這兒呢那就讓我們馬上開(kāi)始吧好最后一句話希望同學(xué)們跟我一塊來(lái)關(guān)注For其實(shí)是一個(gè)什么 并列連詞不是一個(gè)復(fù)合連詞如果放進(jìn)去的話就可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)一種不倫不類(lèi)的感覺(jué)但是為什么又放在這個(gè)例句和beacause since一塊去講解呢因?yàn)樗窃诟呖嫉目键c(diǎn)上它們經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在一起所以說(shuō)我們把這個(gè)例句放在一起去講解那for一般的同學(xué)們應(yīng)該記住它一般的位置是放在句中的位置上對(duì)前面所出現(xiàn)的一種現(xiàn)象起著一種解釋和說(shuō)明的作用比如說(shuō)我們看下面這個(gè)例句The ground is whitefor it snows地面是白的因?yàn)槭窍卵┝撕?在這里面我們特別要補(bǔ)充一項(xiàng)while的

30、用法while這個(gè)詞呢大家比較得熟悉了但是在高考中它不僅僅要考到我們特別熟悉的那種用法表示當(dāng)什么什么時(shí)候比如說(shuō)while he was readingI was waching TV當(dāng)他正在讀書(shū)的時(shí)候我在看電視那第二句話呢He likes Englishwhile I like Chinese這時(shí)候它肯定不是表示當(dāng)什么時(shí)候而是表示然而的意思他喜歡英語(yǔ)然而我喜歡的是中文那第三句又是什么樣的一個(gè)意思呢While the grandparents lovethe children they are strict with them在這里邊while其實(shí)是應(yīng)該翻譯成盡管雖然的意思雖然這個(gè)祖父母特別喜歡

31、這些孩子但是他們對(duì)他們還是要求很?chē)?yán)格的第三我們?cè)倏匆幌陆Y(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句一般有兩個(gè)特別基本的連詞來(lái)引導(dǎo)的so that和such that那這兩個(gè)連詞區(qū)別是什么呢其實(shí)我們都知道so一般的強(qiáng)調(diào)的是形容詞和副詞such后面強(qiáng)調(diào)的是名詞大家都經(jīng)常會(huì)說(shuō)比如說(shuō)我們要表達(dá)一本很好的書(shū)我們會(huì)說(shuō)Such a good bookSo good a book第四種狀語(yǔ)從句我們要看一下條件狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞有哪些呢有if unless so long asas long as so far asin case for fear that only if好我們看一下 下面的例句If he comes

32、I will be very happy如果他來(lái)了我會(huì)非常地高興與將來(lái)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用時(shí)主句是用一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)從句是用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)在這點(diǎn)上有點(diǎn)類(lèi)似于我們前面所提到的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句好第五個(gè)我們一起再來(lái)看一下比較狀語(yǔ)從句這個(gè)其實(shí)非常的簡(jiǎn)單從我們初中就開(kāi)始接觸這兩個(gè)詞than as只不過(guò)那時(shí)候我們沒(méi)有提高到一個(gè)語(yǔ)法的高度其實(shí)它所引導(dǎo)的就是比較狀語(yǔ)從句好我們來(lái)通過(guò)下面的例句來(lái)看一下第一句Tom worked as fast as I湯姆做的工作跟我一樣的快The weather turned out to be very goodwhich was more than we expected天氣其結(jié)果呢表現(xiàn)得非

33、常好比我們遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)地是超過(guò)了我們所期望的六讓步狀語(yǔ)從句讓步狀語(yǔ)從句又有哪些連詞來(lái)引導(dǎo)呢有As though although even thougheven if no matter whatno matter how no matter wherehowever whatever whether or在這里邊我們給大家一個(gè)非常典型的一個(gè)詞whether or我們知道在賓語(yǔ)從句中大家就接觸過(guò)這個(gè)詞但是在讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中呢其實(shí)它的意思還是有差別的比如說(shuō)我們舉個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句我不知道他下周來(lái)這還是不來(lái)這我們可以說(shuō)I dont konw whether hewill come here or not那這時(shí)候是表示是否 是還是不是但是