句子成分和句子種類(lèi)課件

1、 主在前、謂在中，賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)后面沖。 短語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)主賓后，形、代定語(yǔ)主賓前。 間賓直賓緊相依，直、間之間to、for連。賓補(bǔ)位于賓語(yǔ)后，地狀常在時(shí)狀前。【考點(diǎn)掃描】（一）命題趨勢(shì) 在中考中，雖然沒(méi)有將句子成分的劃分作為一種題型去考查，但是了解句子的各個(gè)組成部分，會(huì)有利于同學(xué)們對(duì)英語(yǔ)句子的理解，正確使用英語(yǔ)句子，從而提高每個(gè)題目的得分率。（二）突破方法1、掌握主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)之間人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的一致。2、區(qū)分雙賓語(yǔ)和復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。3、了解英語(yǔ)句子成分與漢語(yǔ)的不同，在 英語(yǔ)書(shū)面表達(dá)中，寫(xiě)出標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的句子?！局R(shí)清單之一】、帶兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有 bring, give, show, send, pass, tell 等。間接賓

2、語(yǔ)一般放在直接賓語(yǔ)的前面。My father bought me a digital camera. 間接賓語(yǔ) 直接賓語(yǔ)2、接to的動(dòng)詞有：give, bring, pass, lend, sell, send, show, tell, write等。Give the letter to your mother. 把信給你的母親。 直接賓語(yǔ) 間接賓語(yǔ) Give your mother the letter. 接for的動(dòng)詞有：buy, find, cook, draw, get, sing等。 Can you find me my bag? Can you find my bag for me

3、? 你能幫我找我的包嗎？ 直接賓語(yǔ) 間接賓語(yǔ)這正是：人前物后看清楚，換位要加for或to。3、常跟賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有： make,consider,see,find,call,get,have,let, hear, ask, keep等。They decided to call the baby Linda. 賓語(yǔ) 賓補(bǔ)We found the little girl in the hill. 賓語(yǔ) 賓補(bǔ) 【知識(shí)清單之二】主謂語(yǔ)一致三原則、語(yǔ)法一致、意義一致、鄰近原則【趁熱打鐵練一練】1. Both Kate and I _ ready for the picnic now. A. is no

4、t B. is getting C. are getting D. am getting2. _ of the workers in this factory is about two hundred. _ of them are women workers. A. The number; First third B. The number; One third C. A number; Half D. A number; Three quarters3. A boy with two dogs _ when the earthquake rocked the city. A. were sl

5、eeping B. is asleep C. was sleeping D. are asleep4. There _ two pictures and a map of China on the wall. A. are B. has C. have D. is5. Neither he nor I _ going to the park. A. be B. is C. are D. am6. A lot of food _ to that country after the war was over. A. was sent B. are sent C. is sending D. sen

6、t7. Neither of the two brothers _ with their parents. A. live B. are living C. like to live D. lives8. The children each _ a computer in class. A. have B. has C. there is D. there are9. Doing eye exercises _ good for your health. A. are B. is C. have D. has10. Li Mings family _ a large one. Now the

7、whole family _ watching TV. A. is; is B. are; are C. are; is D. is; are句子種類(lèi)句子可以從兩種角度來(lái)分類(lèi)：（一）根據(jù)句子的用途來(lái)分類(lèi)，英語(yǔ)的句子有下列 幾種： 1、陳述句 2、疑問(wèn)句 3、祈使句 4、感嘆句（二）根據(jù)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)分類(lèi)，英語(yǔ)的句子可分為 以下幾種： 1、簡(jiǎn)單句 2、并列句 3、復(fù)合句【考點(diǎn)掃描】（一）命題趨勢(shì) 中考側(cè)重考查學(xué)生的綜合運(yùn)用能力，對(duì)陳述句、疑問(wèn)句、祈使句、感嘆句的考查在近五年的中考測(cè)試中屢見(jiàn)不鮮，特別是反意疑問(wèn)句和祈使句在具體語(yǔ)境中的靈活運(yùn)用尤為突出。他們主要以單項(xiàng)選擇、句型轉(zhuǎn)換等形式出現(xiàn)。（二）突

8、破方法1、掌握陳述句的肯定式、否定式和除no, not以外的 表示否定意義的詞。2、注意疑問(wèn)詞的意思和用法，重點(diǎn)掌握反意疑問(wèn)句。3、掌握否定祈使句，let開(kāi)頭的祈使句，加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣的 祈使句。4、掌握what和how引導(dǎo)的感嘆句和一些特殊形式?！局R(shí)清單】 初中生需要掌握的句子種類(lèi)肯定句、陳述句否定句一般疑問(wèn)句、疑問(wèn)句選擇疑問(wèn)句特殊疑問(wèn)句 反意疑問(wèn)句、祈使句、感嘆句邊做邊看1. 肯定句變?yōu)橐话阋蓡?wèn)句及否定句a.變?yōu)橐话阋蓡?wèn)句時(shí)，系動(dòng)詞be、助動(dòng)詞或 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞置于主語(yǔ)之前。例1 He was so clever. _ _ so clever?例2 John felt happy at that ti

9、me. _ John _ happy at that time?例3 We can fly to the moon one day. _ _ fly to the moon one day? WasheDidfeelCanyoub.變?yōu)榉穸ň鋾r(shí)，系動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài) 動(dòng)詞后加not。例1 The twins were happy to see their uncle. The twins _ _ to see their uncle. 例2 Mr. Smith works hard every day. Mr. Smith _ _ hard every day.例3 The doctor co

10、uld help that man. The doctor _ _ that man.werenthappydoesntworkcouldnthelpc. 如果肯定句中含有some, and, a lot of / lots of, already, too / also, bothand, always, everything / everyone / everybody等詞(組)， 要變?yōu)閍ny, or, much / many, yet, either, neithernor, nothing / nobody, never。 例1 They had lots of friends in

11、 China. They _ have _ friends in China. 例2 I could dance and sing when I was five years old. I _ dance _ sing when I was five years old. didntmanycouldntord. 否定前移例 He can make a model plane, I think. (否定句) I _ think he _ make a model plane.e. 一些特殊結(jié)構(gòu)，變否定句時(shí)，在動(dòng)詞（詞組）后直接加not。例1 Mother told me to go to be

12、d early last night. Mother told me _ _ go to bed early last night.例2 Lets play basketball on the playground Lets _ _ basketball on the playground. 另外，還有ask sb. (not) to do sth， Will you please (not) do sth， had better (not) do sth，try (not) to do sth, decide (not) to do sth等。 dontcannottonot play2.

13、對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn) 對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn)是根據(jù)劃線的內(nèi)容提出一個(gè)特殊疑問(wèn)句。即: 特殊疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句構(gòu)成。a.如劃線部分是定語(yǔ)，它所修飾的詞要跟隨特殊疑問(wèn) 詞移至句前。例1 This is Kates hat. _ _ is this?例2 The man in the car is my fathers friend. _ _ is _ fathers friend? WhosehatWhichmanyourc. 常見(jiàn)疑問(wèn)詞(組)：what, what+名詞 (如: what colour, what grade等), when, why, where，who (whom), which, who

14、se, how, how+形容詞/ 副詞 (如: how long, how far, how often, how soon等)。要注意以上各種疑問(wèn)詞(組)的用法。 b.劃線部分如是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)該用do的形式來(lái)取代。例1 They are looking for the boy in the city. _ are they _ in the city?例2 Ann flew to Beijing last year. What _ Ann _ last year? Whatdoingdiddo祈使句表示請(qǐng)求或命令的句子。其主語(yǔ)常是you，但一般不需講出來(lái)。、肯定形式的祈使句由動(dòng)詞原形開(kāi)頭。

15、如：Give me a pen, please. Be quiet, please. 、否定形式的祈使句在動(dòng)詞原形之前加not。如：Dont play with fire.、“L”結(jié)構(gòu)使役句。Let (第一、三人稱(chēng))賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞原形其他成分其否定形式是：Let sb. not 動(dòng)詞原形其他成分如：Let him have a try. Lets not sit under the tree.反意疑問(wèn)句、結(jié)構(gòu)：陳述部分提問(wèn)部分如：Tom cant swim, can he? Your sister didnt like to dance, did she? You and I did it toge

16、ther, didnt we?、基本原則：前肯后否，前否后肯。前后人稱(chēng)、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)要一致，疑問(wèn)部分要用代詞。事實(shí)回答用Yes,非事實(shí)回答用No?？键c(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥、各種祈使句的反意疑問(wèn)句的后半句都用will you，但Lets句用shall we。、注意一些特殊詞，如：little，few，no，nothing，never，hardly等出現(xiàn)時(shí)，前半句表示否定的概念，后半句應(yīng)用肯定形式。、若陳述句部分是主從復(fù)合句，主句的主語(yǔ)是第一人稱(chēng) I / we，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞又是think, believe, suppose等，疑問(wèn)部分的主語(yǔ)一般與從句的主語(yǔ)一致。（應(yīng)特別注意否定的轉(zhuǎn)移）例1 Class 3 were t

17、he winners in the race, _ _?例2The man couldnt climb up the tree, _ _?例3 There is little water in the bottle, _ _?例4Dont tell him the bad news, _ _? 例5 Lets stop to have a rest, _ _?例6 Little Mary is unhappy today, _ _?例7 We dont think you are right, _ _?另外，注意以下句子： I am a student, _ _?What a kind gir

18、l, _ _?How fast the boy runs, _ _?werenttheycouldheistherewillyoushallweyouareisntshearentIisntshedoesnthe感嘆句 感嘆句往往由what和how引導(dǎo)。至于what和how的區(qū)別則是再好辨別不過(guò)了。跟我背一背下面的順口溜，感嘆句你就不再陌生了。感嘆句用法很簡(jiǎn)單, How和What放句前, How與形、副詞類(lèi)連, What后面名詞添. 主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)不用變, 省掉它們也常見(jiàn). 以全國(guó)各地歷屆中考試題為例，將感嘆句分為六種句型：句型：Whata以輔音開(kāi)頭的形容詞單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)！_ a nice w

19、atch it is! (山東)A. How B. What C. What a D. How aB句型：Whatan以元音開(kāi)頭的形容詞單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)！_ interesting book (it is)! (新疆)A. How B. What C. How a D. What anD 句型：What形容詞復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)！_ bright girls they are! (浙江)A. What B. What a C. How D. How aA句型：What形容詞不可數(shù)名詞主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)！“_ bad weather!” “Yes, but its going to be fine s

20、oon, I think.”A. How B. What a C. What an D. What (福建)D句型：How形容詞主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)！_ interesting the film is! A. What B. What an C. How (湖北)C句型：How副詞主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)！The children are working hard. (改為感嘆句)(北京)_ hard the children are working!How例1The twins study Chinese very hard. _ _ the twins study Chinese!例2The weather was

21、rather bad yesterday. _ _ _ it was yesterday!例3The flowers are beautiful. _ _ _ they are! _ _ _ flowers are! 在陳述句改為感嘆句時(shí)，要增加句子成分，感嘆詞what和how分別為按句子的要求而增加的定語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)，句子其他成分不變。HowhardWhatbadweatherWhatbeautifulflowersHowbeautifulthe特殊句型 There be句型口訣：There be句型有特點(diǎn)，主語(yǔ)跟在be后邊；單數(shù) is 復(fù)數(shù) are，注意 be 的兩變化。否定句 be 后 not

22、 加，疑問(wèn)句 be 在 there 前。 介詞短語(yǔ)表地點(diǎn)， “有” 表“存在” 記心間。如：There is a picture on the wall. There are some apples on the tree. - Is there any milk in that glass? -Yes, there is. / No, there isnt (any).There be結(jié)構(gòu)的特殊疑問(wèn)句有以下兩種形式就There be結(jié)構(gòu)中作主語(yǔ)的名詞提問(wèn)，無(wú)論主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)形式，習(xí)慣用法是“Whats某地”，中間通常不用there，例如： There is a bike under the

23、 tree. Whats under the tree?There are many books on the desk.Whats on the desk?就There be結(jié)構(gòu)中表示數(shù)量的詞提問(wèn)，習(xí)慣用法是 How many名詞(復(fù)數(shù))are there介詞短語(yǔ)？或 How much 不可數(shù)名詞is there介詞短語(yǔ)？例如：There is only a teacher in the classroom.How many teachers are there in the classroom?【考點(diǎn)掃描】（一）命題趨勢(shì) 并列句是歷年中考的重點(diǎn)測(cè)試內(nèi)容，也是中考必考題。主要以句型轉(zhuǎn)換、單項(xiàng)

24、選擇的形式出現(xiàn)，還有一部分放在完形填空中進(jìn)行考查。（二）突破方法1、了解并列句的構(gòu)成，掌握常見(jiàn)并列連詞的用法。2、重點(diǎn)掌握not onlybut also, neithernor, eitheror, while, when等并列連詞。并列句由并列連詞把兩個(gè)以上的簡(jiǎn)單句連在一起構(gòu)成的句子?！局R(shí)清單】并列句的結(jié)構(gòu)：簡(jiǎn)單句并列詞簡(jiǎn)單句。并列句的考查重點(diǎn)是并列連詞。并列句種類(lèi)常用并列連詞例句對(duì)等關(guān)系and, so, not onlybut also, bothand, neither, norI help him and he helps me.選擇關(guān)系or, eitheror, neithern

25、orHurry up, or youll miss the train.轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系but, yet, however, whileHe wanted to see the film, but no ticket.因果關(guān)系so, forHe cant see it, for he is blind.Id like to go shopping with you, _ Im too busy today. A. but B. and C. so D. or2. Look left and right before you cross the road, _ you may be hit by a c

26、ar. A. so B. and C. or D. but3. Little Kate went to school _ it snowed heavily yesterday. A. if B. though C. because D. since4. _ we are very young, _ we can speak English well. A. Though, but B. Because, so C. Though, / D. Because, /練一練1. I can mend the bike. Li Lei can, too. I can mend the bike, a

27、nd _ _ Li Lei.2. If you dont work hard, you will fail. Work hard, _ you will fail.同義句轉(zhuǎn)換so canor一起來(lái)做中考題1. Miss Zheng will never forget her first visit to Canada, _? A. will she B. wont she C. isnt she D. wasnt she (04濟(jì)南)2. -_I have to show the school report to my parents, Miss King? -Yes, you do. A. Must B. Do C. Can D. May (05濟(jì)南)3. -_will the foreign students be back from Qufu? -In two days, I think. A. How soon B. How often C. How far D. How fast (05濟(jì)南)4. He _say _. A. dont, something B. didnt, anything C. doesnt, something D. dont, anyt