英國歷史文化全解析課件

1、The capital of U.K. and the capital of England as wellGreat BritainPortrait of the PeopleFour countries make up the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland - England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. Residents of any of these countries may be called British. Use English, Scot or Sc

2、otsman, Welsh and Irish or Northern Irish only when certain of a persons heritage. While the four countries share many customs, each has its own set of cultural nuances. I. The Celtic people from Europe (100AD)II. Roman Invasion (55BC-410AD)III. The Anglo-Saxons From Germany (446-871)IVViking and Da

3、nish invasionsVThe Norman Conquest (1066)諾曼征服VI. British Empire. (1400-1946) The History of Great BritainNational Emblem national anthem ： “god save the queen”（如在位的是男性君主，國歌改為“god save the king”）National flower：Rose National bird：紅胸鴿 (redbreast/robin)The MonarchyI. The United Kingdom is a constitutio

4、nal monarchy, the head of state is a king or a queen. .II. The monarch actually has no real power. The monarchs power are limited by law and Parliament. Constitutional monarchy began after the Glorious Revolution in 1688.Buckingham palace 宮前維多利亞像Victoria Memorial 高帽衛(wèi)兵 英國老牌車廠羅孚為慶祝ROVER創(chuàng)廠以來的第一個一百年，原廠特

5、地趕造了一批紀念款概念車型ROVER 75 Coupe Concept，將要限量發(fā)行以紀念此百年華誕！上汽支付寶馬2170萬美元取得Rover商標權(quán)勞斯萊斯汽車(RollsRoyce) 勞斯萊斯成為英國王室專用車已有數(shù)十年歷史，愛德華八世、女王伊麗莎白二世、瑪格麗特公主、肯特公爵等眾多英王室成員的座駕都是勞斯萊斯。 The Literature of Great Britain英國文學源遠流長，經(jīng)歷了長期、復雜的發(fā)展演變過程。在這個過程中，文學本體以外的各種現(xiàn)實的、歷史的、政治的、文化的力量對文學發(fā)生著影響，文學內(nèi)部遵循自身規(guī)律，歷經(jīng)盎格魯撒克遜、文藝復興、新古典主義、浪漫主義、現(xiàn)實主義、現(xiàn)代

6、主義等不同歷史階段。一、中世紀文學（約5世紀1485） 二、文藝復興時期文學（15世紀后期17世紀初） 三、17世紀文學 四、啟蒙時期文學（17世紀后期18世紀中期） 五、浪漫主義時期文學（17981832）六、現(xiàn)實主義時期文學（19世紀30年代-1918） 七、現(xiàn)代主義文學時期（1918-1945） 八、當代文學（1945 ） Beowulf： 貝奧武夫 It is one of the oldest “Old English” literary works in British literature. Geoffrey Chaucer (ca. 1343-1400) 喬叟：one of t

7、he greatest English poets The Canterbury Tales“ 坎特伯雷故事集 內(nèi)容提要： 4月的一天，一群香客去坎特伯雷朝圣，投宿在泰巴旅店。次日，店主、香客與在此住宿的作者一起出發(fā)。店主提議在去坎特伯雷的路上每人講兩個故事，回來時再講兩個，被大家公認為最佳的講故事者可以在回來時白吃一頓豐盛的晚餐。 William Shakespeare (1564-1616)Four Tragedies :Four Comedies :哈姆萊特(Hamlet), 奧賽羅(Othello),李爾王(King Lear),麥克白(Macbeth,)威尼斯商人(The Merch

8、ant of Venice) ，第十二夜 (Twelfth Night）， 仲夏夜之夢(A Midsummer Nights Dream )無事生非(As You Like It)又叫.To be or not to be -That is a question;1Whether tis nobler in the mind to sufferThe slings and arrows of outrageous fortuneOr to take arms against a sea of troubles,And by opposing end them.簡奧斯?。?775年12月6日18

9、17年7月18日），（Austen，Jane） Main works:Charles Dickens，English novlist（1812-1870）Main works: 4. higher education-only one privately funded university: the University of Buckingham -oldest universities: Oxford (12th C.) and Cambridge (13th C.)* the first degree (the Bachelors degree) courses are mainly f

10、ull time and last 3 years, except in Scotland where they take 4 yearsThe university of Oxford英 國 三 個 禁 忌 不能加塞不能問女士年齡不能砍價 British Holidays and Festivals Christian festivals-Christmas: the biggest and the most popular British holiday celebrated on December 25th each year to commemorate the birth of Je

11、sus Christ. Three typical British traditions on Christmas are: the Christmas Pantomime, the Queens speech over the television and radio, and the Boxing Day.Decorating a Christmas treeDecorating a Christmas TreeBoxing Day is a holiday celebrated in Britain, Australia, New Zealand, and Canada. a typic

12、al British tradition celebrated on the day after Christmas. It falls on December 26th. New Stone Age (Neolithic), 35002500 BCMegalithic monuments Stonehenge 史前巨石陣a monumental circular setting of large standing stones surrounded by an earthworkin South England, in Wiltshire on Salisbury Plain probabl

13、y was constructed as a place of worship of some kindnortheast axis aligned with the sunrise at the summer solstice (夏至)1.2 Early Settlers StonehengeIn Search of History 00:20 01:38The River Thames& Tower bridge泰晤士河&塔橋Tower of London 倫敦塔Parliament Building & Big Ben 議會大廈&大本鐘 The London EyeWestminster

14、 House of ParliamentThe Parliament Building and Big BenView on the ThamesBig Ben大本鐘Buckingham Palace白金漢宮Buckingham Palace is where the Queen livesHyde ParkHorse Guard Parade in Hyde ParkLife Guard at PostThe Center of London Stock Exchange倫敦股票交易中心Telephone Booth in London Red BusesThe British Museum

15、 大英博物館Buckingham Palace 白金漢宮Greenwich Observatory 格林尼治天文臺Westminster AbbeyThis is the very place for the royal family to for their wedding ceremonies and funerals.Windsor Castle 溫莎堡Cambridge University 劍橋大學Oxford University 牛津大學Hyde Park 海德公園Stratford- upon-AvonBirthplace of Shakespeare英國議會大廈威斯敏斯特宮

16、議會大廈確切名稱是威斯敏斯特宮，聳立在泰晤士河畔，是世界上最大的哥特式建筑，建于11世紀，由撒克遜王愛德華一世所建。議會大廈經(jīng)歷了很多風云，有人在爐子里大量焚燒政府文件而引起火災，威斯敏斯特宮幾乎全部焚毀 五個月后選中了查爾斯巴里的設計方案從建威斯敏斯特宮，二戰(zhàn)期間還沒修好的宮殿又被希特勒的炸彈先后打中十四次，1950年新宮殿才修整完成。規(guī)模簡介宮殿占地3公頃，建在十英寸厚的混凝土制成的巨大基座上，正門朝西主建筑是前后3排宮廷大樓，兩端和東北角各有一座式樣不同的高樓塔。兩端稱維多利亞塔，石結(jié)構(gòu)，高100米，供存放議會重要文件檔案用，塔樓下方為皇門，是英王到議會是專用；東北角就是安放有大本鐘的方

17、形鐘塔，整個宮殿共有一千多房間一百多個樓梯和兩英里長的走廊大本鐘安放在97米高的鐘塔上重達14噸，鐘盤直徑7米，時針長2.75米，分針長4.27米，鐘擺305公斤。每走完一小時，都會發(fā)出深深而鏗鏘的報時聲，全倫敦城都能聽到。 英國議會大廈是浪漫主義建筑的典型作品， 英國是浪漫主義的發(fā)源地，代表做還有倫敦的圣吉爾斯教堂和曼徹斯特市政廳等。18世紀60年代至19世紀30年代是浪漫主義建筑發(fā)展的第一階段，又稱先浪漫主義。出現(xiàn)了中世紀城堡式的府邸，甚至東方式的建筑小品。19世紀3070年代是浪漫主義建筑的第二階段，它已發(fā)展成為一種建筑創(chuàng)作潮流。由于追求中世紀的哥特式建筑風格，又稱為哥特復興建筑。浪漫主

18、義建筑The Big Ben-Symbol of BritishIntroduction stepsSome picturesLocation and appearanceThe origin of the nickname The significance to popular cultureSymbolismPicturesLocation and Appearance At the north end of the Palace of Westminster in London.Diameter:6.7 meters Weight:13.5 tonsHeight: 95 metersThe Big BenThe origin of the nickname Called “The Big Ben” Named after Sir Benjamin Hall Oversaw the installation of the Great BellThe significance to popular