中考英語考點(diǎn)專題復(fù)習(xí)總結(jié)與訓(xùn)練(附答案解析)20：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

1、考點(diǎn)十現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)考點(diǎn)詳解,常見考法：對(duì)于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的考查，多以單選、句型轉(zhuǎn)換或詞語運(yùn)用的形式考查學(xué)生在具體語境中靈活運(yùn)用時(shí)態(tài) 的能力。在考試中，會(huì)讓大家判斷是否該用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，或者是考查“瞬間動(dòng)詞不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀 語連用U這一知識(shí)點(diǎn)?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+have/has+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞肯定句：主語+have/has+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞+賓語.否定句：主語+have/has+not+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞）+賓語.一般疑問句：Have/Has+主語+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞+賓語.特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞或詞組+一般疑問句（have/has+主語+過去分詞（V-ed） +其他）過去分詞變化規(guī)則如下：.規(guī)則動(dòng)

2、詞：規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去分詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)則與規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則相同。變化規(guī)則有四點(diǎn):（1） 一般動(dòng)詞，在詞尾直接加u-ed Oworkfworked f workedvisit f visited f visited（2）以e 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，只在詞尾加-d olive flived flived（3）以“輔音字母+y 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，將 y變?yōu)閕,再加-ed 。studyf studiedfstudiedcryf cried f cried（4）重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，先雙寫該輔音字母，再加-ed ostopf stopped stoppeddropfdropped f dropped.

3、不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞變化需參看不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞表逐一熟記。cut-cutfcutit-hit -hit現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用法現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用來表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成影響或后果。也就是說，動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā) 生在過去但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在。I have already posted the photo.我已經(jīng)把照片寄走了。強(qiáng)調(diào) post對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響“照片不在這里“?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以用來表示發(fā)生在過去某一時(shí)刻的、持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作 （用行為動(dòng)詞表示）或狀態(tài)（be 動(dòng)詞表示 ），常與 for（+ 時(shí)間段 ）， since（+ 時(shí)間點(diǎn)或過去時(shí)的句子）連用，謂語動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。如：He has lived

4、here since 1978.自從 1978 年以來，他一直住在這兒。（動(dòng)作起始于1978 年，一直住到現(xiàn)在，可能還要繼續(xù)住下去。 ）注意： for 和 since 的用法。for +時(shí)間段譯為：時(shí)間since +過去一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)（譯為：自從以來）since + 時(shí)間段 + agosince + 從句（過去時(shí)）It is + 時(shí)間段 + since + 從句 （過去時(shí) ）注意：瞬間動(dòng)詞 （buy, die, join, lose.）與 for 或 since 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間段連用時(shí)，要改變成延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。變化如下：come/arrive/reach/get to f be inopenfbe ope

5、nFall ill f be illgo outfbe outdie- be deadCome backfbe backfinish f be overbuyf havePut onfbe on/wearWorry f be worriedCatch a cold f have a cold現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)是一個(gè)與過去和現(xiàn)在都有關(guān)系的時(shí)態(tài)，因此，具有這樣時(shí)間特點(diǎn)的狀語都可以與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。.與表示一段時(shí)間的語連用，如 for+時(shí)間段，since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如：We have lived in this city for more than 40 years. 我們?cè)谶@個(gè)城市已

6、生活了 40 多年。We have lived in this city since 1958. 我們從 1958 年起就住在這個(gè)城市里。從以上兩個(gè)例句我們可以看出 ， 與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用時(shí)， 謂語動(dòng)詞常為 stay, live, teach, learn, work,sleep, read, wait, keep 等具有延續(xù)意義的動(dòng)詞。. 與籠統(tǒng)地表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用，如 already, never, ever, just 等。如：I ve just found this library book. 我剛剛找到這本圖書館的書。How beautifully she sings! I

7、 have never heard a better voice.她唱得多美啊！我還從來沒聽到過比這更優(yōu)美的嗓音。.與表示包含過去和現(xiàn)在的一整段時(shí)間的狀語連用，如 lately, recently, in the past few years, these few years, these days, up to now, so far 等。如：How have you been recently?你近來狀況如何？The famous writer has written a new book in the past two years.那位著名的作家在過去兩年的時(shí)間里寫了一本新書。Have

8、you seen her parents these days?這些天你看見她的父母了嗎？The Browns have visited a lot of places in China so far.迄今為止，布朗一家已經(jīng)參觀了中國的許多地方。注意：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不能與單純表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用，如yesterday, last week, in 2002, three daysago等現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)區(qū)別.側(cè)重點(diǎn)不同現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)所表示的動(dòng)作都發(fā)生在過去，但它們所強(qiáng)調(diào)的重點(diǎn)不同：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)側(cè)重于 對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響；而一般過去時(shí)側(cè)重于某一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去某個(gè)時(shí)間或某段時(shí)間，即現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)側(cè)

9、重于現(xiàn)在 的結(jié)果，而一般過去時(shí)側(cè)重于動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間。如：I have seen the film.我看過這部電影。（現(xiàn)在我仍記得電影的內(nèi)容）I saw the film three days ago.三天前我看了這部電影。（強(qiáng)調(diào)是三天前，而不是別的什么時(shí)候看的電影）Mr Green has bought a new computer.格林先生買了一臺(tái)新電腦。（著重點(diǎn)是格林先生現(xiàn)在有了一臺(tái)新電腦）Mr Green bought a new computer yesterday.格林先生昨天買了一臺(tái)新電腦。（強(qiáng)調(diào)的是格林先生買新電腦的時(shí)間是昨天）.時(shí)間狀語不同現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常與 already, ye

10、t, just, ever, never, before等副詞以及for+段時(shí)間 since+過去時(shí) 間/從句”等時(shí)間狀語連用；而一般過去時(shí)則常與時(shí)間段 +ago , just now , yesterday, last week等表示過 去的時(shí)間狀語連用。如：She has lived here since two years ago.她兩年前就住在這里了。She lived here two years ago.兩年前她住在這里。He has been in the League for three years.他入團(tuán)已經(jīng)三年了。Tom wrote a letter to his pare

11、nts last night.昨晚湯姆給他的父母寫了封信。1. The life we were used to跟蹤訓(xùn)練since smart mobile phones rushed in.A. has changedB.changedC.changesD. changing2. Wherethe dictionary? I can t see it.Iit right here a moment ago. But its gone.A. did you put; have putB. had you put; have putC. have you put; putD. were you

12、putting; had put3. Bettya diary since she was a primary school student. No wonder herwriting skills are so good.A. keepsB. is keepingC. keepingD. has kept- What do you think of the novel?-Oh, Isuch a better book than before.A. didn t readB. am readingC.haven t readD. don t reaThe studentsthe classro

13、om, so its tidy and clean now.A. cleanB. have cleanedC. will cleanD. cleansA TV series named In the Name of People whichshows many corruption casespopular amongmillions of people since it began on March 28.8.A. have beenB. is一Would you like to watch The Great Wall 長(zhǎng)城Certainly. I donA. to see; sawC.

14、to see; have seent mind-Has Mr. Green travelled abroad yet?C. has beenwith me?it again although I it twice.seeing; have seenD. seeing; sawD. was-Not only Mr. and Mrs. Green but also their daughterabroad twice.B. have beenD. has beenA. have goneC. has gone公屋、真題再現(xiàn)（2018 ?河北中考）I an invitation to the con

15、cert. I can t wait to go.A. receiveB. will receiveC. was receivingD. have received（2018 ?黑龍江綏化中考）I this magazine for three months.A. have boughtB. have hadC. have borrowed（2018 ?湖北黃岡中考） 一Your new watch is so nice! When did you buy it?-In April. I it for two months.A. have hadB. hadC. have boughtD. b

16、ought（2018 ?恩施州中考） 一Recently, school violence in some schools. Luckily, our government has carried out some policies to stop it.A. has appeared B. appearedC. will appear（2018 ?3胡d 匕宜昌中考） It has been much easier for me to go to work shared bikes appeared.-But they also caused plenty of problems.A. si

17、nceB. beforeC. unlessD. though（2018 ?江蘇連云港中考） 一Look! Somebody the lights. Well, it wasn t me. I didn t do it.A. turns offB. is turning offC. was turning offD. has turned off（2018 ?徐州中考） Linda was busy when I went to see her yesterday. She for an exam.A. will studyB. was studyingC. has studiedD. is s

18、tudying（2018 ?廣西北部灣中考） 一Is this your camera? Yes, I it for two weeks.A. boughtB. hadC. have hadD. have bought（2018 ?齊齊哈爾中考） Everyone in my class except Tom and Mary to Beijing.A. have beenB. have goneC. has been（ 2018 ?湖北咸寧中考）一High-speed trains, Mobile payment, Sharing bikes and Online shopping are

19、calledfour new great inventions of modern China. They our daily lives more convenient.A. have madeB. had madeC. have been madeD. made（2018 ?遼寧沈陽中考） Sarah many places of interest in Beijing already.A. visitedB. has visitedC. will visitD. visits（2018 ?涼山州中考） Paris is a wonderful place. So it is. I the

20、re twice.A. have beenB. have goneC. wentD. will go（2017 ?四川南充）一Look! Your teacher Miss White is over there.No, it can t be her. She to Beijing.A. has goneB. has beenC. wentD. will go（2017 ?安徽）I am surprised at the new look of my hometown, for it a lot over the years.A. changedB. changesC. will chang

21、eD. has changed費(fèi)式二模擬檢測(cè).（江西省贛州市信豐縣2017年普通高中提前招生考試）一Jenny, you are so beautiful in your new dress!-Thanks! But I it for several times.A. wearB. will wearC. was wearingD. have worn.（浙江省溫州市龍灣區(qū)永中中學(xué)2017屆九年級(jí)月考） 一Peter says Red Rock Canyon is a great place for rockclimbing.He s right. there twice.A. was goi

22、ngB. wentC. have beenD. have gone.（江蘇省揚(yáng)州市江都區(qū)宜陵鎮(zhèn)中學(xué)2017屆九年級(jí)期中）一Sorry, Im late.did the meeting begin?It doesn t matter. The meeting for several minutes.A. When; has just begunB. When; has just been onC. How long; has just been onD. How long; has just begun.（江蘇省徐州市部分學(xué)校2017屆九年級(jí)二模聯(lián)考）-Look! That man looks

23、like Mr. Green.It be him, for he America for a month.A. can t; has gone toB. may not; has gone toC. mustn t; has been inD. can t; has been in.（浙江省永嘉縣 2017年5月初中畢業(yè)升學(xué)考試第二次適應(yīng)性測(cè)試）-The weather report says that it will besunny tomorrow.Its wonderful. It for a week already, we need the sun.A. rainsB. will r

24、ainC. has rainedD. was raining.（新疆烏魯木齊市第九十八中學(xué)2017屆中考四模）一Look! Someone the classroom. Well, it wasn t me, I didn t do it.A. is cleaningB. was cleaningC. has cleanedD. will clean.（上海市黃浦區(qū) 2017 屆九年級(jí)二模） More than six million guests Shanghai Disneyland Park sincelast June.A. visitB. visitedC. were visitin

25、gD. have visited.（徐州市 2017 年初中畢業(yè)、升學(xué)考試模擬）一Has your cousin arrived in Beijing yet? Yes. She Beijing since yesterday morning.A. arrived inB. has arrived inC. has been inD. has been to.（四川省成都外國語學(xué)校2018屆九年級(jí)下學(xué)期一診考試）Britain to leave European Union last year.David Cameron, former Prime Minister since then.A.

26、 decided; retiredB. decided; has been retiredC. has decided; retiredD. has decided; has retired.（重慶市育才中學(xué)2017-2018學(xué)年九年級(jí)下第一次模擬考試）一When did the Whites come to China? They China for seven years.A. have come to B. have been inC. have come inD. have been to跟蹤訓(xùn)練1-A【解析】句意:自從手機(jī)融入社會(huì),我們過去習(xí)慣的生活已經(jīng)發(fā)生了改變。土血比Em曲誦ph

27、otic nished in是時(shí)間狀語從句，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)j The life w were used la是主句,其中標(biāo)were used to是定語從句，修飾前面的先行詞life,空格處是主句的謂語動(dòng)詞。口度自從”， 與它連用的主句應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，故選人中C【解析】句意：一一你把字典放哪里了？我找不到了。一一我剛才放在這里了，但是現(xiàn)在不見了。根據(jù)I cant see it.可知，put發(fā)生在過去，強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響，現(xiàn)在找不到了，故第一空用現(xiàn)在完 成時(shí)。根據(jù)a moment ago可知，句子應(yīng)該一般過去時(shí)。故選 C。D【解析】句意：Betty自從小學(xué)的時(shí)候開始就記日記，難怪

28、她的寫作技能那么好。后面的從句是以since引導(dǎo)的從句，與它連用的主句一般用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。故選 DoC【解析】句意：一一你覺得這部小說怎么樣？一一哦，我以前從來沒有讀過比它更好的一本書。didntread沒有讀過，是一般過去時(shí)的否定形式；am reading現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)；havent read現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定形式；dontread一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的否定形式。根據(jù)句意可知，這里表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，應(yīng)使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)，故選CoB【解析】句意：學(xué)生們已經(jīng)打掃了教室，因此教室現(xiàn)在又干凈又整潔。根據(jù)語境可知用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，其結(jié)構(gòu)是have/has done的形式。主語是復(fù)數(shù)，這里用助動(dòng)詞have。故選

29、B。C【解析】句意：反映一些腐敗案件的電視劇人民的名義自從 3月28日開播以來，受到人們的廣泛歡迎。根據(jù)后半句 since +時(shí)間點(diǎn)可知要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，排除 B和D;又因?yàn)橹髡Z為 a TV series, 故選CoB【解析】句意：一一你愿意跟我去看長(zhǎng)城嗎？一一當(dāng)然了，盡管我已經(jīng)看了兩遍，但我不介意再去看一遍。mind doing sth.介意做某人，結(jié)合句意，首先排除A、C;根據(jù)I dont mind itagain和although可知盡管我已經(jīng)看了兩遍，但我不介意再去看一遍.所以看過兩遍用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，答案選BoD【解析】句意：一一格林先生已經(jīng)出國旅行了嗎？一一不僅格林先生和格林夫人，而且他

30、們的女兒已經(jīng)出國兩次了。短語 have gone to.表示去了 ， 可能在途中，也可能已經(jīng)到了；have been to.表示去過某地，現(xiàn)在已不在那里。not only.but also.表示不僅而且，連接兩個(gè)主語時(shí)采用就近原則，這里要與 their daughter保持一致，因此用 has。故選 D。真題再現(xiàn)D【解析】句意：我收到了音樂會(huì)的請(qǐng)柬。我等不及要走了?？疾閯?dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)辨析題。根據(jù)句意語境，可知我已經(jīng)收到去音樂會(huì)的邀請(qǐng)函，需用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，故選 DoB【解析】句意;位本雜志我買了三個(gè)月了口本題考查延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞口題中for向eme心.是一個(gè)時(shí)間段提示為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，且使用延名於性動(dòng)詞have,

31、而短暫性動(dòng)詞tmy;boirow不能和表示時(shí)間段的時(shí)間狀語 連用，故正確答案是B，A【解析】句意：你的新手表太漂亮了！你什么時(shí)候買的它？在四月份。我已經(jīng)擁有它兩個(gè)月了。have有，是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞；buy (bought)買，是瞬間性動(dòng)詞。此處與時(shí)間段for two months連用，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，謂語用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，故用 have had。故選A。A【解析】句意：一一最近，一些學(xué)校的學(xué)校暴力事件已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了。一一幸運(yùn)的是，我們的政府已經(jīng)實(shí)施了一些政策來阻止它。A.已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了 B.出現(xiàn)了 C.將出現(xiàn)。從答句知道暴力事件是已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)的，排除C。那么暴力事件肯定是過去出現(xiàn)的，但對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生了影響，影響就是“我

32、們的政府已經(jīng)實(shí)施了一些政策 來阻止它“，動(dòng)作在過去發(fā)生且對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生影響就要使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，故選AoA【解析】句意：一一自從共用自行車出現(xiàn)以來，我就更容易去上班了。一一但它們也造成了很多問題。考查連詞辨析題。A. since自從，后接時(shí)間名詞或從句，表一段時(shí)間，用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；B. before在以前，表時(shí)間；C. unless除非，表?xiàng)l件；D. though盡管，表讓步。本句是時(shí)間狀語從句，可排 除CD兩項(xiàng)。根據(jù)句意結(jié)構(gòu)和語境，可知before不合句意，故選 A。D【解析】句意：一一看，有人把燈關(guān)了。一一不是我，我沒彳它。根據(jù) it wasn t me. I didn可知謔o it.動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)

33、生，現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果是燈滅了，所以用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)；故選 DoB【解析】句意：我昨天看到Linda的時(shí)候，她非常的忙，她正在為考試復(fù)習(xí)。will study 一般將來時(shí)態(tài)，將要學(xué)習(xí)；was studying過去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作；has studied現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響；is studying現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示此時(shí)此刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。根據(jù)句中所給的情景see her yesterday可知，這里表示昨天看到Linda的時(shí)候，她正在做的事情，應(yīng)用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，故選BoC【解析】句意：一一這是你的照相機(jī)嗎？一一是的，我已經(jīng)買了兩個(gè)星期了。此題考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。題目

34、中的for two weeks說明用的是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，可以排除選項(xiàng) A和B。剩下的選項(xiàng) C和D中，由于buy(買)是瞬間動(dòng)詞，在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中，瞬間動(dòng)詞不能夠與一段時(shí)間連用，需要轉(zhuǎn)換成相對(duì)應(yīng)的延 續(xù)性動(dòng)詞have,所以答案選 CoC【解析】句意:除了揚(yáng)姆不鳴麗之外，我們班上每個(gè)人都去置北京考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí).由句意可知句子日排為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，構(gòu)成為=have h時(shí)動(dòng)詞過去分詞寧have been to表示去過某地？已登回來3 have gone3表示去了某地問能在路上他可能已經(jīng)到達(dá)而據(jù)Evvqii; in my class except Tom and MarytoBcijm群可知,這里表示除了湯姆和瑪

35、麗之外，我們班上每個(gè)人都去過北京, 說明去過北京都已翌回來 了 f所以用廊& been to。本句的王語是仃叮的中所以助動(dòng)詞用自下故答案選gA【解析】句意：高鐵、掃碼支付、共享購被稱為“中國四大新發(fā)明。它們使我們的日常生活更加便利。A. have made現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)； B. had made過去完成時(shí)；C. have been made現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的 被動(dòng)語態(tài)；D. made 一般過去時(shí)態(tài)。中國新的四大發(fā)明已經(jīng)給我們的生活帶來了極大的便利，需要用 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)來表達(dá)，故選 A oB【解析】句意：Sarah已經(jīng)參觀過北京許多有趣的地方了。本題考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)句意和already可知此處要用現(xiàn)在

36、完成時(shí)。故選BoA【解析】句意： 一一巴黎是個(gè)很好的地方。一一是的，我去過那兒兩次?？疾楝F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。從 twice可判斷句子的時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，其構(gòu)成為：have/has+動(dòng)詞過去分詞。have been表示去過某地，已經(jīng)返回；have gone表示去了某地，可能已經(jīng)到達(dá)某地也可能在去某地的路上。本題從 So it is. Ithere twice.判斷這里說的應(yīng)該是去過某地，已經(jīng)返回，所以用have been；副詞there前省略to,故選A。A【解析】考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法。句意：一一看！你的老師懷特小姐在那邊。 一一不，那肯定不是她。她去了北京。A. has gone去了某地，表示該人不

37、在說話地點(diǎn)；B. has been去過某地，表示主語曾經(jīng)去過某地，有這種經(jīng)歷； C. went過去式，去；D. will go將來時(shí)態(tài)，將要去。根據(jù)前面的否定猜測(cè)，可 知懷特小姐去了北京，故選 AoD【解析】考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法。句意：對(duì)我家鄉(xiāng)的新面貌我感到吃驚，因?yàn)檫@幾年它變化很大。A.changed改變，過去式；B. changes第三人稱單數(shù)形式；C. will change 一般將來時(shí)；D. has changed現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。over the years指最近幾年即從過去到現(xiàn)在的幾年，所以用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，故選 D。模擬檢測(cè)1. D 【解析】句意：一一珍尼，你穿著新裙子真漂亮。一一謝謝！但是我穿了幾次了。A. wear 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)形式；B. will wear 一般將來時(shí)態(tài)形式；C. was wearing過去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)形式；D. have worn現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)形式。由for several time