時(shí)間創(chuàng)造奇跡

1、SECTION ATime- Conscious Americans13.Language points2.Textstructure4.Homework1. Proverbs2Proverbs of timeRead the following proverbs. Have you ever learnt them?What are the Chinese versions for them?31.1. Time works wonders. 2. Time tries truth.時(shí)間創(chuàng)造奇跡。時(shí)間檢驗(yàn)真理。4 3. Time is the best healer. 4. Time and

2、 tide wait for no man.時(shí)間是治愈創(chuàng)傷的良藥。時(shí)間不等人。（時(shí)不我待。）55. All time is no time when it is past.機(jī)不可失，時(shí)不再來(lái)。6Americans save time carefully. (Para. 1)Americans attitude towards time and how they try to save time in daily life and in business (Paras. 2-7)Time is a precious source.(Para. 2)Americans savetime in th

3、eir daily life.(Para.3)Americans savetime in doing business.(Para.4)Americans producelabor-saving devicesin order to save time.(Paras.5-7)It is taken as a sign of skillfulness or being competent to solve a problem or fulfill a job successfully with speed in the US. (Para.8)Structure of the Passage-

4、Structure Analysis7 Para.1 Americans believe no one stands still. If you are not moving ahead, you are falling behind. *This attitude results in a nation of people committed to researching, experimenting and exploring. *Time is one of the two elements (that Americans save carefully), the other being

5、 labor. 8 Para. 2 “We are slaves to nothing but the clock,” it has been said. *Time is treated as if it were something almost real. We budget it, save it, waste it, steal it, kill it, cut it, account for it; we also charge for it. It is a precious resource. Many people have a rather acute sense of t

6、he shortness of each lifetime. Once the sands have run out of a persons hourglass, they cannot be replaced. We want every minute to count. 9 Para.3 A foreigners first impression of the U.S. is likely to be that everyone is in a rush often under pressure. City people always appear to be hurrying to g

7、et where they are going, restlessly seeking attention in a store, or elbowing others as they try to complete their shopping. Racing through daytime meals is part of the pace of life in this country. 10Working time is considered precious. Others in public eating-places are waiting for you to finish s

8、o they, too, can be served and get back to work within the time allowed. You also find drivers will be abrupt and people will push past you. You will miss smiles, brief conversations, and small exchanges with strangers. Dont take it personally. This is because people value time highly, and they rese

9、nt someone else “wasting” it beyond a certain appropriate point.11 Para.4 Many new arrivals to the States will miss the opening exchanges of a business call, for example. They will miss the ritual interaction that goes with a welcoming cup of tea or coffee that may be a convention in their own count

10、ry. They may miss leisurely business chats in a restaurant or coffee house. 12*Normally, Americans do not assess their visitors in such relaxed surroundings over extended small talk; much less do they take them out for dinner, or around on the golf course while they develop a sense of trust. *Since

11、we generally assess and probe professionally rather than socially, we start talking business very quickly. Time is, therefore, always ticking in our inner ear. 13 Para.5 Consequently, we work hard at the task of saving time. We produce a steady flow of labor-saving devices; we communicate rapidly th

12、rough faxes, phone calls or emails rather than through personal contacts, which though pleasant, take longerespecially given our traffic-filled streets. We, therefore, save most personal visiting for after-work hours or for social weekend gatherings. 14 Para.6 *To us the impersonality of electronic

13、communication has little or no relation to the significance of the matter at hand. In some countries no major business is conducted without eye contact, requiring face-to-face conversation. In America, too, a final agreement will normally be signed in person. However, people are meeting increasingly

14、 on television screens, conducting “teleconferences” to settle problems not only in this country but alsoby satelliteinternationally. 15 Para. 7 The U.S. is definitely a telephone country. Almost everyone uses the telephone to conduct business, to chat with friends, to make or break social appointme

15、nts, to say “Thank you,” to shop and to obtain all kinds of information. Telephones save the feet and endless amounts of time. This is due partly to the fact (that the telephone service is superb here, whereas the postal service is less efficient). 16 Para. 8 Some new arrivals will come from culture

16、s where it is considered impolite to work too quickly. Unless a certain amount of time is allowed to elapse, it seems in their eyes as if the task being considered were insignificant, not worthy of proper respect. Assignments are, consequently, felt to be given added weight by the passage of time. I

17、n the U.S., however, it is taken as a sign of skillfulness or being competent to solve a problem, or fulfill a job successfully, with speed. *Usually, the more important a task is, the more capital, energy, and attention will be poured into it in order to “get it moving” .17stand still-keep or stay

18、in a particular position or state 保持某種狀態(tài)The house has stood empty/ idle for months.The plot now stands revealed.Exercises:要堅(jiān)定, 不要讓他們對(duì)你指手畫(huà)腳。 Stand firm - dont let them tell you what to do. linking verb +adj (or adjective-like phrase)18stand1. Stand up.2. Xiamen University stands near the sea.3. Stand

19、 still.A 保持(某種狀態(tài))B 起立C 位于,坐落 BCA 19 fall behind in science 在科學(xué)方面落后 fall behind ones competitors 落后于競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手fall behind1) become bit by bit further behind 這個(gè)學(xué)生一直很努力, 惟恐落后。 The student has been working hard for fear that he should fall behind.Exercises: Wang Zhizhi falls behind Yao Ming in basketball skil

20、l.反恐游戲我沒(méi)你打得好。I fall behind you in CS (Counter Strike).在籃球技術(shù)方面, 王治郅不如姚明。20fall behind with the rent 拖欠房租Exercises:我工作拖下來(lái)了, 我得想辦法趕上。他曾因拖欠贍養(yǎng)費(fèi)被起訴(estover)。Im falling behind with my work; I must try to catch up. He was sued because he fell behind with estovers.fall behind2) fail to finish at the proper t

21、imeThe leaders opinion had fallen behind.那個(gè)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的觀點(diǎn)已經(jīng)落伍了。21 Hunan TV made Super Girls popularwith the people of the whole country.湖南衛(wèi)視使超級(jí)女生深受全國(guó)人民歡迎/紅遍全國(guó)。v + sb.+ adj. + prep.This attitude results in a nation of people committed to researching, experimenting and exploring.22 This attitude results in a n

22、ation of people committed to researching, experimenting and exploring.v + sb.+ adj. + prep.這種態(tài)度導(dǎo)致整個(gè)民族都投身于研究、實(shí)驗(yàn)和探索。23 Acting before thinking always _ failing. The accident _ the death of two people Nothing _ his efforts. The childs illness _ eating unclean food. result inhave as a result; causeresult

23、 frombe caused byresults inresulted inhas resulted fromresulted fromcf. result in & result from24 Time is one of the two elements that Americans save carefully, the other being labor. Time is one of the two elements that Americans save carefully, and the other is labor.Absolute structure: subject +

24、-ing/-ed(獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，其中 the other 是分詞短語(yǔ)being labor 的邏輯主語(yǔ))25 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)(the absolute structure)是由名詞或代詞加上分詞或分詞短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成的一種獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)，用于修飾整個(gè)句子，而不是一個(gè)詞或詞組。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中的名詞或代詞與其后的分詞或分詞短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。這種結(jié)構(gòu)與主句不發(fā)生句法上的聯(lián)系，獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的位置相當(dāng)靈活，可置于主句前、主句末或主句中，常由逗號(hào)將其與主句分開(kāi)。需特別注意的是，獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)與主句之間不能使用任何連接詞。 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)在句中一般作狀語(yǔ)，表示時(shí)間、條件、原因、伴隨狀況等。 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)小結(jié)： 26 邏

25、輯主語(yǔ)+v.-ing: 邏輯主語(yǔ)+v.+-ed Night enshrouding the earth, nobody could make out what the dark mass was from a distance.He lay at full length upon his stomach, his head resting upon his left forearm.After all, eighty was a special birthday, another decade lived or endured just as you chose to look at it.

26、27邏輯主語(yǔ)+adj邏輯主語(yǔ)+prepphrase The Trojans asleep, the Greek soldiers crept out of the hollow wooden horse.Following them to the attic, she found a wounded Union soldier, with a rifle at his side.獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的特殊構(gòu)成:邏輯主語(yǔ)+to do sthHere are the first two volumes, the third one to come out next month. 邏輯主語(yǔ)+adv.This

27、 little excitement over, nothing was to be done but to return to a steadfast gaze at my mute companion.28No further discussions arising, the meeting was brought to an end. (With) Lunch finished, all the guests returned to the sitting-room. 吃完午飯, 所有客人都回到了起居室。沒(méi)有做進(jìn)一步的討論, 會(huì)議就結(jié)束了。Exercises:The structure

28、is: subject + v-ing / v-ed or: with + subject + v-ing/ v-ed29a slave to drinka slave to money酒鬼金錢的奴隸to be slaves to (L. 5)- person whose way of life is dominated by (a habit, an interest, etc. )生活方式受(習(xí)慣、興趣等)支配的人，即(某種習(xí)慣、興趣的)奴隸30nothing but -only只有，除以外什么也不Hes nothing but a criminal. 他只不過(guò)是個(gè)罪犯。The child

29、 dreamed of nothing but going to the zoo. 這孩子就是盼著到動(dòng)物園去玩。這報(bào)道滿篇都是謊言。 The report contains nothing but lies. 31Time is treated as if it were something almost real. as if + 從句 as if 引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)從句，一般用虛擬語(yǔ)氣 他表現(xiàn)得好像沒(méi)有發(fā)生什么事似的。 He _ as if nothing _.actedhad happened 他工作熱情這么高，好像從不知道疲倦似的。 He works with such enthusias

30、m as if he never knew fatigue. 32 We budget it, save it, waste it, steal it, kill it, cut it, account for it; we also charge for it. 我們安排時(shí)間、節(jié)約時(shí)間、浪費(fèi)時(shí)間、擠搶時(shí)間、消磨時(shí)間、縮減時(shí)間、對(duì)時(shí)間的使用作出解釋；我們還要因付出時(shí)間而收取費(fèi)用。33budget 1 n. 預(yù)算a family budget 家庭預(yù)算政府預(yù)算a government budgetmake a family budget編制家庭預(yù)算34budget 2 v. plan the s

31、pending of time or money The playboy has so many girlfriends thathe has to budget his time carefully. 這個(gè)花花公子女朋友太多,他不得不仔細(xì)安排自己的時(shí)間。 He budgeted (money) for buying a car. 他為了買車而計(jì)劃節(jié)省開(kāi)支。35 歌迷們?yōu)榱速I五月天演唱會(huì)的入場(chǎng)券而計(jì)劃節(jié)省開(kāi)支。 Fans budget for buying the entrance ticket of the concert of May Day.concertentrance ticket3

32、6account forHe couldnt account for his absence from school.His illness accounts for his absence. North Sea oil accounts for a high proportion of our trade earnings. 他無(wú)法解釋他為什么沒(méi)來(lái)上課。他因病缺席。北海石油占我國(guó)貿(mào)易收入的很大一部分。37 How much does Bibi charge for an advertisement?筆筆拍一則廣告收費(fèi)多少?charge + money + for +sth.charge fo

33、r sth.charge sb. money for sth. Maybe she charges one million for an advertisement.Im not going there again - they charged me $5 for a cup of coffee! This shop doesnt charge for delivery.38深深感到to have a rather acute sense of (L. 7)風(fēng)雨同舟幾十年，這對(duì)老夫婦深感人生中愛(ài)情的珍貴?；顚W(xué)活用Having gone through many years of hardshi

34、p in the same boat, the old couple have a rather acute sense of the true value of love in their life. 39 Dogs have an acute sense of smell.sharp, 靈敏的 He has an acute pain in the head.great, 劇烈的40a sense of-feeling (esp. one difficult to describe) 感覺(jué), 觀念 sense of humor,. sense of responsibility/ duty

35、, sense of shame, sense of obligation, sense of justice 正義感， sense of beauty, sense of music, sense of time， sense of art/ artistic sense, sense of pride ; a sense of pleasure a sense of tension ; a sense of achievement ; a sense of inferiority ; the sense of place (direction) 方位 (方向) 感 be lost (or:

36、 dead) to all sense of shame 全不知羞恥 -any of five senses five senses, sense of smell/ taste/ touch/ hearing/ sight41 run out of-flow out of，流出，從跑出 The water is running out of a fountain.He ran out of the house and shouted “Fire! Fire!” -use all ones supplies, have no more 用完His team had run out of tim

37、e-out.他的球隊(duì)不再又要求暫停的權(quán)利了。42replace vt. (1)A replace B, sb. replace B by/ with A 用A代BCan anything replace a mothers love and care?世上有什么東西能取代母親的關(guān)愛(ài)嗎？ The factory replaced most of its workers with robots.Cf. A takes the place of B 用A代BPlastics have taken the place of many conventional materials.Machines ha

38、ve taken the place of people in many areas of industry.substitute A for B 用A代BWe substitute computers for typewriters. Computers are substituted for typewriters.43replace (2)-return; put on its original place 放回原處He replaced the magazine in the rack.He must replace the stolen money.-換，賠Ill replace t

39、he cup I broke.The shopkeeper said he would replace the radio if you were not satisfied.44count-be of value or importanceHere, it is my words that count.Every minute counts before the exam.重要的不是有沒(méi)有環(huán)保意識(shí)，而是有沒(méi)有環(huán)保行動(dòng)。 Its not the consciousness of environmental protection but the practice of environmental

40、 protection that counts.45Everyone is in a rushhurryingrestlesslyelbow raceabruptpush46elbow v.-push others out of the way using elbowselbow sb. (out of the way) 把某人擠開(kāi)elbow ones way through the crowd 從人群中擠過(guò)去 The girl elbowed the fans (out of the way) to ask Rain for his signature. 女孩從歌迷中擠過(guò)去要Rain簽名。

41、The girl elbowed her way through the fans to ask Rain for his signature.47-do sth. in a hurry The child raced through his homework in order to watch the football match on TV. 那孩子為看電視轉(zhuǎn)播的足球賽而匆匆做完作業(yè)。 race through sth.時(shí)間不夠了，這些學(xué)生只好匆匆忙忙地做完卷子上剩下的題目。As the time is running out, these students have to race th

42、rough the rest of the questions on the test paper.48miss1.I can imagine how your parents miss you.2.I was sorry to miss you when I called.3.He was lucky to miss the traffic accident.4.When did you first miss your wallet?1.懷念，想念2.沒(méi)3.逃過(guò)，躲過(guò)4.掉49 take it personallytake-act towards . in a certain way以某種方

43、式對(duì)待某事Dont take his words too seriously. He was only joking.別把他的話當(dāng)真，他只是開(kāi)開(kāi)玩笑而已。When the boss makes general and negative comments, dont take it personally.當(dāng)老板進(jìn)行泛泛的批評(píng)時(shí)，不要對(duì)號(hào)入座。50不得當(dāng)?shù)?，不得體地 beyond a certain appropriate point愛(ài)有助于孩子健康成長(zhǎng)，但溺愛(ài)會(huì)寵壞,甚至毀了孩子?；顚W(xué)活用Love adds health to the growth of children, but the lo

44、ve beyond a certain appropriate point will make them spoiled or even ruined.51 They will miss the ritual interaction that goes with a welcoming cup of tea or coffee that may be a convention in their own country.Attributive ClauseAttributive Clause 他們會(huì)懷念那種喝著茶或咖啡招待客人的禮節(jié)性交往,這也許是他們自己國(guó)家的一種習(xí)俗。52I cant go

45、with you on the matter.-exist or take place at the same time, be found together Responsibility goes with becoming a father.go with在那個(gè)問(wèn)題上，我不能附和你。初為人父，肩上也多了一份責(zé)任。Disease / laziness often goes with poverty. 疾病(懶惰)與貧困常相伴而生。隨大流 go with the tide趕時(shí)髦 go with the time53 Normally, Americans do not assess their

46、 visitors in such relaxed surroundings over extended small talk; much less do they take them out for dinner, or around on the golf course while they develop a sense of trust. 通常來(lái)說(shuō)，美國(guó)人不會(huì)在如此輕松的環(huán)境里通過(guò)長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的閑聊來(lái)評(píng)估他們的客人，更不用說(shuō)他們會(huì)在增進(jìn)相互信任的過(guò)程中帶他們出去吃飯，或帶他們?nèi)ジ郀柗蚯驁?chǎng)了。54surroundings n. (pl.)surrounding adj.The house is

47、 in beautiful surroundings. 這座房屋四周的環(huán)境優(yōu)美。She grew up in comfortable surroundings. 她在舒適的環(huán)境中長(zhǎng)大。in the surrounding areas 在周圍地區(qū) Other “ing” words with Plural form: belongings 所有物, findings 調(diào)查結(jié)果, savings 儲(chǔ)蓄存款, doings 行為55 -and even less likelymuch less (also still less)She wouldnt take a drink, much less

48、stay for dinner.她連水都不肯喝一口，更別說(shuō)留下吃飯了。Synonym: let alone 更不必說(shuō); not to speak of更談不上not to mention更不必說(shuō);且不說(shuō), 寶寶連走路都不會(huì)，更不用說(shuō)跑了。The baby cant even walk, much less/ (can he) run . 56 Since we generally assess and probe professionally rather than socially, we start talking business very quickly. (Para.4) Since

49、 we in most cases evaluate our visitors and ask them questions from a professional point of view instead of a social one, we start talking what is our concern very quickly (and there is no need in our eyes to spend time on small talk and the like). 57rather than (1)-in preference to (sb./sth. ); ins

50、tead of 與其(某人某事)不如不愿Nuclear science should be developed to benefit the people rather than harm them. 核科學(xué)的發(fā)展應(yīng)有益于人民，而不是給他們帶來(lái)危害。 Rather than cause trouble, he left. 他寧可走開(kāi)也不愿引起麻煩。58rather than (2)- more, in a greater degree. He is a writer rather than an actor. (n.)He ran rather than walked. (v.)These s

51、hoes are comfortable rather than pretty. (adj.)I did it for you rather than for myself. (prep. phr.)This is for father to decide rather than for you to decide. (forto inf.)It was what he meant rather than what he said. (clause)He engaged in writing a letter rather than reading a newspaper. (gerundia

52、l phrase.) 59rather than (3)( with to inf. omitted “to” after “rather than”)I decided to write rather than telephone. Rather than run the risk of losing everything they accept his term.I would rather try and fail than give up the plan.He prefers to work rather than idle.60Cf: rather than & other tha

53、n (4)other than- (esp. after a negative ) except; different from; not (尤用于否定詞之后)除了；不同于，He never speaks to me other than to ask for something. 他除了向我要東西，從不跟我說(shuō)話。 I have never known him behave other than selfishly.我只知道他一向自私自利。rather than多用于肯定語(yǔ)境，而other than 多用于否定語(yǔ)境。無(wú)論是rather than， 還是other than，其后都可跟名詞、動(dòng)詞

54、(不帶to的不定式、動(dòng)詞的 -ing形式、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞等）、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)，甚至句子等。61consequently ad. (1)-as a result, soThe bank refused to help the company; consequently it went out of business. 銀行拒絕幫助這家公司，公司因此倒閉了。The rain was heavy, and consequently the land was flooded.consequent adj.Her long illness and the consequent absence put

55、her behind in her work. consequence n.,If the boss knew it, the consequences would be terrible.62Cf. consequent & subsequentsubsequent - next, followingIn subsequent lesson, well discuss the Green Spaces in Cities.The story will be continued in subsequent issues of the magazine.subsequence n. subseq

56、uently adv.63work at-put effort into (sth. or doing sth. ); engage in (some activity) 工作，從事于，鉆研You will never become good at tennis, unless you work at it.除非你下點(diǎn)工夫，否則你將永遠(yuǎn)打不好網(wǎng)球。I havent yet persuaded the manager to accept my suggestions, but dont worry, Im still working at it! 我還沒(méi)有說(shuō)服經(jīng)理接受我的建議，但請(qǐng)別擔(dān)心，我仍然

57、在努力著。64-taking into account Given their inexperience, theyve done a good job. Given that they are inexperienced, theyve done a good job. Notice that “given” is followed by a noun phrase, while “given that” is followed by a finite clause. 看她對(duì)孩子們的興趣，教書(shū)應(yīng)是適合她的職業(yè)。given (that) prep. Given her interest in

58、children, teaching should be the right career for her.考慮到他們?nèi)狈?jīng)驗(yàn)，他們算做得不錯(cuò)了。65-keep sth. for future use, not use up sth.Exercisessave . for養(yǎng)精蓄銳以打好籃球比賽。你能把錢留到暑假用嗎?Save your strength for the basketball match.Can you save your money for summer holiday?66 To us the impersonality of electronic communication

59、 has little or no relation to the significance of the matter at hand. 對(duì)我們而言，電子交流的缺乏人情味與我們手頭上事情的重要性之間很少有或完全沒(méi)有關(guān)系。無(wú)人情味與.有關(guān)系手頭的671, 她提的問(wèn)題與眼下審議的事無(wú)關(guān)。2,意識(shí)到退休在即, 他尋找額外的收入。3, 他寫(xiě)作時(shí)，案頭總是放本詞典。1, Her question has no relation to the matter at hand. 2, Realizing that the end of his career is near at hand, he looke

60、d for some additional income. 3, When he writes, he always keeps a dictionary at hand. 2) near in time or place 在附近,在手邊,臨近的 1) under discussion or being consideredExercises (Review Unit 10 (I) at hand68conduct- carry out, direct, manage 進(jìn)行，指導(dǎo)，管理She was appointed to conduct the advertising campaign.