語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)講-定語(yǔ)從

1、語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)講-定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)的定義： 定語(yǔ)是用來(lái)說(shuō)明名詞或代詞的品質(zhì)與特征的詞或詞組。 A. 可用作定語(yǔ)的有形容詞、名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、副詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、從句和句子等。a)形容詞adj.及b)副詞Adv. This girl is a natural musician. I ll recommend an interesting film to you. b)副詞Adv.the room above the factory therethe world todaythe way out the people here c) 名詞noun.a baby girl a woman docto

2、rsports car women doctors well water a fools paradisethe works of Shakespeare 1） horror films /horrible films2） a wonder book/a wonderful book3） stone path /a stony pathd) 代詞Pronoun.及e) 數(shù)詞Num.Your hair needs cutting.He is a friend of mine.Everybodys business is nobodys business. Theres only one way

3、to do it.Do it now. You may not get a second chance.Lesson One Room 205 f)不定式I have an important meeting to attend.Thats the way to do it. He has a wish to travel around the world.I am pleased to have this chance to talk to you about the UN.*Its time for us to go.g) 動(dòng)名詞walking stick 手杖sleeping pills

4、 安眠藥drinking water 飲用水learning method 學(xué)習(xí)方法h) 分詞a walking dictionary活字典a sleeping child正在睡夢(mèng)的小孩a drinking man嗜酒者a retired worker退休工人a returned student一個(gè)歸國(guó)留學(xué)生a faded flower 一朵凋謝的花朵The boy riding a white horse is my brother.My visits will encourage people working on the projects.the urgent problems caus

5、ed by wars and conflicts i) 介詞短語(yǔ)He always has a clear insight into what is needed.他總是能夠洞察需要什么.the research into the spread of AIDS定語(yǔ)從句語(yǔ)法意義：在復(fù)合句中，用一個(gè)由主謂結(jié)構(gòu)組成的陳述句修飾某一個(gè)名詞或代詞的句子就叫作定語(yǔ)從句。被定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的詞叫先行詞；引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。其有三：1）放在先行詞與定語(yǔ)從句之間起連接作用；2）在定語(yǔ)從句中還擔(dān)任了一定的成分；3）重現(xiàn)（代替）先行詞的意義，所以其數(shù)與先行詞一致。普通代詞與關(guān)系代詞的差別及區(qū)分普通代詞只起著代替

6、作用，代替前面提到的某人或某物；而關(guān)系代詞則不同。試區(qū)分以下句子中的關(guān)系代詞與普通代詞：1)I have a good friend. She works in Guangzhou . I have a good friend who / that works in Guangzhou . 2)The building is our science lab._ It _ stands over there.The building that / which stands over there is our science lab.關(guān)系代詞whowhomthatwhichWhose/ of wh

7、ich人人人、物物人、物主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)關(guān)系副詞When ( in/on which)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)Where (in which)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)Why (for which)原因狀語(yǔ)C. 先行詞與關(guān)系代詞的種類(lèi)：先行詞指人時(shí)主格 who, that 賓格 whom, who ,that所有格whose先行詞指物時(shí)（除了人以外）主格 which, that 賓格 which, that所有格whose, of whichWhere, when, why*soas, asas, suchas, the sameas練習(xí)：用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞填空。The man _ is talking

8、 with my mother is my father.2. The man _ my mother is talking with is my father.3. The man _ hair is white is my father.4.who is the man _ is standing there?5. That book is the one _ I bought yesterday.6. That book is the one _ was bought yesterday.7. That book is the one _ cover is blue.who/thatWh

9、om/who/that/-whosethatwhich/that/-which/thatwhose8. The pen _ she is writing is his.9. The pen _ she is writing with is his.10. _ is known to all, paper was first made in China.11. Paper was first made in China, _ is known to all.12. He still remembers the day _ he met the great man in the street.13

10、. He still remembers the day _ he spent with his wife at Beijing Railway Station. 14. He is not such a fool _ he looks.with whichWhich/that/-Asas/whichOn which/whenwhich/that/-as定語(yǔ)從句的辨認(rèn)與使用之步驟：1 首先是要辨出先行詞；2 確定關(guān)系代詞（既先行詞）在從句中所擔(dān)任的成分：3 確定關(guān)系代詞的人稱(chēng)和數(shù)。實(shí)際上，選擇引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞是學(xué)習(xí)定語(yǔ)從句的難點(diǎn)。我們可以使用以下口訣來(lái)化難為易：三看句中作何用，四看是否屬特殊

11、。一看指人還是物，二看介詞在何處；關(guān)系代詞必須用that的情況：1 先行詞為不定代詞something ,anything, everything, little, much, all等；2 先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)所修飾時(shí)；3 先行詞被the only, the very, all等所修飾；4 先行詞既包括人又包括物時(shí)。D. 定語(yǔ)從句分類(lèi)*：分為限定性和非限定性定語(yǔ)從句：1.This is the professor who teaches us grammars.2.Li Ming, who is in the room, wants to ask you some questions

12、.限定性和非限定性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別：限定性定語(yǔ)從句1 和先行詞關(guān)系密切；（刪除了就會(huì)影響整個(gè)意義的表達(dá)）2 不用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)；3 可用關(guān)系代詞作引導(dǎo)詞；4 關(guān)系代詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略；5 關(guān)系代詞可以替代（作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，可用或替代）6 讀的時(shí)候不停頓；7 只可以修飾先行詞，不可以修飾主句或主句的一部分非限定性定語(yǔ)從句1與先行詞關(guān)系不密切，是一種補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明（刪除掉后不影響）2一般使用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)；3. 不可用關(guān)系代詞that;4 關(guān)系代詞不可省略5 關(guān)系代詞不能替代；6 讀時(shí)停頓，用降調(diào)；7 可以修飾整個(gè)句子或主句中的一部分（此時(shí)定要用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)，只能用which 或as引導(dǎo)）有時(shí)兩者差別很大：eg:1)a) In

13、 their class there are fifteen students who can speak English well.在他們班上有15位英語(yǔ)說(shuō)的好的學(xué)生。b) In their class there are fifteen students, who can speak English well. 在他們班上有15位學(xué)生，他們的英語(yǔ)都說(shuō)得很好。2)a) She has two sons who are P.L.A. men. (Maybe she has other sons who are not P.L.A. men.) 她有兩個(gè)當(dāng)解放軍的兒子。b) She has tw

14、o sons, who are P.L.A. men. ( she has only two sons and they are both P.L.A. men.)她有兩個(gè)兒子，都是當(dāng)解放軍的。精選練習(xí)：1. The result of the experiment was very good, _ we hadnt expected. A. when B. where C. which D. that2. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese Vase, _ of the price was very reasonable. A. which B. whe

15、re C. whose D. that3. Dorothy was always speaking highly o her role in the play, _, of course, made the others unhappy. A. who B. which C. this D. what4. We are living in an age _ many things are done on computer. A. which B. that C. whose D. whenCCDACB5. Tony is the only one of the students who _ t

16、o Europe. A. have gone B. have been C. has been D. had gone6. Beijing, _ is the capital of China, is a modern city. A. that B. it C. which D. /7. - Is this the very art gallery _ they visited last week? -Yes. It impressed them deeply. A. the one B. where C. which D. that8. They talked for about an h

17、our of things and persons _ they remembered in the school. A. which B. that C. who D. whom9. I have the same glasses _ Kate is wearing. A. as B. that C. which D. themBCDBA10. We will never forget the days _ we spent together 11. I have the same glasses _ Kate is wearing. A. as B. that C. which D. them12. This is the museum _ we saw an exhibition the other day. A. that B. which C. that D. in that13. Is this museum _ the students visited that day? A. where B. which C. that D. in thaton the island.14. The walle