翻譯培訓(xùn)4定語從句的譯法課件

1、定語從句的譯法第1頁，共42頁。限制性定語從句的譯法用“ 的”結(jié)構(gòu)譯成定語譯成并列分句譯成狀語從句與主句合譯成一個句子譯成漢語中的復(fù)合賓語第2頁，共42頁。具體翻譯方法分譯法合譯法第3頁，共42頁。用“ 的”結(jié)構(gòu)譯成定語將英語的定語從句翻譯成漢語的定語詞組，用來代替原文中的定語從句時。此用法常用在翻譯簡短的定語從句時。第4頁，共42頁。例：I was the only person in my office who was invited.我是辦公室唯一被邀請的人。Show interest in the company and the position you are applying fo

2、r.對公司和你所申請的那個職位要表現(xiàn)出興趣。第5頁，共42頁。The early lessons I learned about overcoming abstacles also gave me the confidence to chart my own course.我早年學(xué)到的克服重重障礙的經(jīng)驗教訓(xùn)也給了我規(guī)劃自己人生旅程的信心。第6頁，共42頁。Do we really want to live in a world where no one grows old and few children are born because the planet can hold only so

3、 many people?我們真的愿意生活在一個沒有人會衰老且由于地球只能容納這么多人因而沒有多少孩子出生的世界上嗎？第7頁，共42頁。譯成并列分句一般采用分譯法，即將主句和從句分開翻譯的，把英語原文中的定語從句和主句譯成兩個并列分句。 方法有兩種： 1. 在譯文中省略英語的先行詞； 2. 在譯文中重復(fù)英語的先行詞。第8頁，共42頁。省略先行詞She is a movie star who is going into business now. 她是個影星，目前在經(jīng)商。A little way on she saw a great door which, for some reason, at

4、tracted her attention. 又走了一些路，她看見一扇大門，不知怎地，這引起了她的注意。第9頁，共42頁。重復(fù)先行詞Hes written a book whose name Ive completely forgotten. 他寫了一本書，但書名我完全忘了。A writer - in fact every one of us in life - needs that loving-mother force from which all creation flows. 一個作家-實際上生活中的每個人-都需要慈母的力量，它是創(chuàng)造一切的源泉。第10頁，共42頁。譯成狀語從句英語中有

5、些定語從句兼有狀語的功能，在意義上與主句是狀語關(guān)系，因此可以把原文中的定語從句譯成狀語從句。第11頁，共42頁。例：She also said I was fun, bright and could do anything I put my mind to. 她還說我風(fēng)趣，聰明，只要用心什么事情都能做成。He insisted on buyinng another car which he had no use for. 他堅持再買一輛車，盡管他并無此需要。第12頁，共42頁。與主句合譯成一個句子采用合譯法將英語原文中的主語和定語從句融合在一起譯成一個句子，把定語從句中的謂語譯成主句中的謂語。

6、英語中的There be結(jié)構(gòu)漢譯時常采用這種方法處理。第13頁，共42頁。例：There are many people who want to see the film. 許多人想看這部電影。I need someone who can teach me how to ride a bike. 我需要一個人來教我騎自行車。第14頁，共42頁。把定語從句譯成漢語中的復(fù)合賓語當(dāng)英語中的謂語動詞是表示“感觀”或“心理活動”等意義時，修飾賓語的定語從句多譯為漢語中的復(fù)合賓語。第15頁，共42頁。例：He did not find any one in the house who particular

7、ly cared to know.他沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)家里哪個人特別想知道。第16頁，共42頁。非限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句主要是采用分譯法和合譯法，常被譯成并列分句、獨立句和狀語從句，偶爾可譯為定語詞組。第17頁，共42頁。譯成并列分句With the pay that he received and saved, he went on with his studies at university, where he received a doctors degree in 1905.他用掙來的工資和積存的錢繼續(xù)去讀大學(xué)，并于1905年獲得博士學(xué)位。第18頁，共42頁。Yesterday I sa

8、w a very funny film, which was recommended by Jack. 昨天我去看了一部很搞笑的電影，是杰克推薦的。第19頁，共42頁。I told the humorous story to Mary, who told it to Jack. 我把這幽默故事告訴了瑪麗，瑪麗又告訴了杰克。We will put off the outing until next week, when we wont be so busy. 我們把郊游推遲到下星期，那時我們就不會這么忙了。第20頁，共42頁。把關(guān)系代詞which譯成漢語人稱代詞或指示代詞We have seen

9、 many chemical changes, from which physical changes are quite different. 我們見過許多化學(xué)變化，它們與物理變化截然不同。He missed the last bus, which annoyed him very much. 他未趕上末班車，這使他很惱火。第21頁，共42頁。用合譯法譯成連動式英語中主句和從句的動詞不同時，可以把兩個動詞連起來翻譯，這樣句子前后的意思就顯得更連貫。第22頁，共42頁。例：He took a bottle of wine out of his pocket, which he began to

10、 drink slowly. 他從口袋里掏出一瓶酒慢慢地喝了起來。They will send their son to Britain, where he will receive better education. 他們要把兒子送到英國去接受更好的教育。第23頁，共42頁。譯成狀語從句可以把非限制性定語從句譯成狀語從句，表示條件、結(jié)果、原因和目的。第24頁，共42頁。例：Men became desperate for work, any work, which will help htem to keep alive their families. 人們極其迫切地要求工作，不管什么工作，

11、只要它能維持一家人的生活就行。Chaplin, whose mother was ill for many years, had to dance in streets to earn money. 由于母親病了好多年，卓別林不得不到街頭表演賺錢。第25頁，共42頁。譯成“的”結(jié)構(gòu)He liked his sister, who was warm and pleasant, but he did not like his brother, who was aloof and arrogant. 他喜歡熱情可愛的妹妹，不喜歡冷漠高傲的哥哥。The emphasis was helped by t

12、he speakers mouth, which was wide, thin and hard-set. 演講者那又闊又薄又緊繃繃的嘴巴幫助他加強(qiáng)了語氣。第26頁，共42頁。翻譯練習(xí)第27頁，共42頁。Pete Richard and a girl whose name he had yet to hear, walked out into the beginning of the great day that brings hope into the world for us.皮特理查德和一個不知姓名的姑娘走進(jìn)了新的一天，這一天為我們的生活帶來了希望。（定語詞組，并列句）第28頁，共42頁

13、。The first thing some babysitters do is checking the medicine cabinet.一些保姆做的第一件事就是檢查藥品柜。（定語詞組）第29頁，共42頁。Even for someone who just wants to be a stay-at-home mom, calculations are needed to keep a household.即使對某個想成為全職主婦的人來說，持家也需要進(jìn)行計算。（定語詞組）第30頁，共42頁。Smart cards, which can carry as much as 80 times mo

14、re information on them than conventional cards with a magnetic stripe, are already widely used in European countries where centralized banks can roll out new services on a nationwide basis.智能卡能攜有相當(dāng)于普通磁條卡的80倍之多的信息量，已經(jīng)在歐洲各國廣泛使用，因而使歐洲各國的中央銀行得以在全國范圍推出新的服務(wù)項目。（合譯法，合并成一個句子）第31頁，共42頁。A cat, whose eyes can t

15、ake in more rays of light than our eyes, can see clearly in the night.由于貓眼能吸收比我們?nèi)庋鄹嗟墓饩€, 所以貓在黑夜里能看得很清楚。（譯成狀語從句，表原因）第32頁，共42頁。Pursuing higher learning, beginning a career, and making history in my family are things I hope to gain from my college education.追求更深遠(yuǎn)的知識，開始職業(yè)生涯，在我家中創(chuàng)造歷史，這些就是我希望從大學(xué)里獲得的東西。（的結(jié)

16、構(gòu)，譯成定語詞組）第33頁，共42頁。President Kennedy wanted people who raised questions, who criticized, on whose judgment he could rely, who presented an intelligent point of view, regardless of their rank or viewpoint.肯尼迪總統(tǒng)需要人民提出問題和進(jìn)行批評，因為人民提出了明智的看法，他可以信賴人民的判斷，而不問他們的級別和觀點。（連動式，狀語從句表原因，調(diào)整語序）第34頁，共42頁。The parties r

17、eached an agreement by an offer made on one side which is accepted on the other.雙方根據(jù)一方提出的另一方可接受的報價達(dá)成了協(xié)議。（的結(jié)構(gòu)，譯成定語詞組）第35頁，共42頁。Thirdly, tariffs and other artificial obstacles, which occur in foreign trade, are largely absent in domestic trade.第三，國際貿(mào)易中產(chǎn)生的關(guān)稅和其他人為障礙在國內(nèi)貿(mào)易中大部分都不存在。（的結(jié)構(gòu)，譯成定語詞組）第36頁，共42頁。I

18、have two reports which I must write today.我有兩份報告要寫，今天必須寫。（并列分句）第37頁，共42頁。Ms. King, whose legs were badly hurt, was quickly taken to hospital.由于腿嚴(yán)重受傷，金女士很快被送去了醫(yī)院。（譯成原因狀語）第38頁，共42頁。An old gardener who was dying sent for his two sons to come to his bedside, as he wished to speak to them.一位臨死的老花匠派人把他兩個兒子叫到床邊，因為他有話想對他們說。（的結(jié)構(gòu)，譯成定語詞組）第39頁，共42頁。The Spanish soldiers, who conquered Mexico in the early 1500s, took tomato plants to Spain.十六世紀(jì)初占領(lǐng)了墨西哥的西班牙士兵把西