人教版高中英語必修2 現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)用法講解(教師版)(推薦文檔)

1、人教版高中英語必修2現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)用法講解(教師版) /6 /6高一同步教程】高中英語必修2現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)用法講解【學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)】1現(xiàn)在完成時被動語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)2現(xiàn)在完成時被動語態(tài)的主要用法3使用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)需要注意的問題【課前預(yù)習(xí)】1什么是語態(tài)？語態(tài)是表示主語和動詞之間的主動關(guān)系或被動關(guān)系的動詞形式。英語動詞有兩種語態(tài)：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者（施動者），被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者（受動者）。2對現(xiàn)在完成時被動語態(tài)的理解現(xiàn)在完成時被動語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)就是現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)和被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)的疊合，即“have+been+動詞過去分詞”。試比較以下幾組句子的謂語結(jié)構(gòu)：

2、1）主動句：Hehasrepairedthemachinefortwohours.他修理這臺機(jī)器已有兩小時了。被動句：Themachinehasbeenrepairedfortwohours.這臺機(jī)器已修了兩小時了。2）主動句：Theteacherhasborrowedthebooks.老師把那些書借走了。被動句：Thebookshavebeenborrowedbytheteacher.那些書被老師借走了?！窘虒W(xué)過程】一、現(xiàn)在完成時被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成1現(xiàn)在完成時被動語態(tài)的肯定式由“have/has+been+及物動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。例如：Twowindowshavebeenbroken.兩個窗子

3、被打破了。2現(xiàn)在完成時被動語態(tài)的否定式由“have/has+not+been+及物動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。例如：Thecarhasnotbeenrepaired.這輛汽車還沒有修好。現(xiàn)在完成時被動語態(tài)的一般疑問式由“Have/Has+主語+been+及物動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。例如：一Hasherworkbeenfinished?她的工作完成了嗎？Yes,ithas.是的，完成了。一Havethecarsbeenrepaired?這些汽車修好了嗎？No,theyhavent.不，還沒有?，F(xiàn)在完成時被動語態(tài)的特殊疑問式由“疑問詞+have/has+主語+been+及物動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。例如：Ho

4、wlonghasherworkbeenfinished?她的工作完成有多久了？Whohasbeenhelpedbythenewcomputer?誰已經(jīng)得到了這臺新計(jì)算機(jī)的幫助？Howmanynewwordshavebeenlearnedbythestudents？這些學(xué)生已經(jīng)學(xué)會了多少單詞？二、現(xiàn)在完成時被動語態(tài)的主要用法1.表示被動的動作發(fā)生在說話之前（即現(xiàn)在的過去），強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在造成的影響和結(jié)果。例如：Thedoorhasbeenlocked門被鎖上了。（結(jié)果是現(xiàn)在沒有人能進(jìn)去）2表示一個被動的動作或狀態(tài)開始于過去，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并可能將持續(xù)下去，常與for或since引導(dǎo)的時間狀語連用，或用

5、于Howlon.g.？句型中。例如：Theoldmanhasbeenlookedafterfortwentyyears.1這位老人已受照顧20年了。(可能還會被照顧下去)Theyhavebeentoldaboutitformanytimes有人告訴他們這事很多次了。(可能還會有人告訴他們)Howlonghasthemachinebeenused？這機(jī)器使用有多久了？三、使用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)需要注意的問題現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)有兩個助動詞，即have/has和been，兩者缺一不可。2只帶有一個賓語的動詞變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，將主動語態(tài)的賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語。Wehavebuiltmanyhous

6、esinthepasttenyears.Manyhouseshavebeenbuiltinthepasttenyears(byus).3帶有雙賓語的動詞，如：give,send,bring,take,teach,show,sing,write,read,sell,buy,tell,pay,lend,pass,promise等，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，可將其中一個賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，另一個保留不動。Wehavegivenhimthebook.Hehasbeengiventhebook.Thebookhasbeengiventohim.4帶有復(fù)合賓語的動詞變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，只能將賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，原來的賓補(bǔ)改為主語補(bǔ)

7、足語。原來省略to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)時，被動語態(tài)中要用帶to的不定式。Ihavetoldthemtohelpyou.Theyhavebeentoldtohelpyou.Ihavemadeherworkhard.Shehasbeenmadetoworkhard(byme).5短語動詞是一個不可分割的整體，在被動結(jié)構(gòu)中要保持完整性，不可省略短語動詞中的介詞或副詞。例如：Theorphanhasbeenwelllookedafter.這位孤兒一直受到很好的照顧。Theyhavereferredtothebooks.Thebookshavebeenreferredto(bythem).Hehasthoug

8、htofawayofdoingit.Awayofdoingithasbeenthoughtof(byhim).6.由finish，buy,start，begin，post，return，borrow，join，marry，open等詞構(gòu)成的現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)不能與表示一段時間的狀語如forfourdays，howlong等連用，而要改換動詞或時態(tài)。例如：譯：這本書買了多久了？誤：Howlonghasthisbookbeenbought？正：Howlongagowasthisbookbought？但這類動詞的否定式可表示動作的持續(xù)過程，具有延續(xù)性，因而可與since或for引導(dǎo)的時間段連用。例

9、如：Nobookshavebeenboughtsincelastweek.自上周以來，沒有人來買過書。7注意與一般過去時被動語態(tài)的區(qū)別。一般過去時的被動語態(tài)表示一個被動的動作發(fā)生在過去某個時刻，其結(jié)果對現(xiàn)在沒有影響；而現(xiàn)在完成時被動語態(tài)的動作或狀態(tài)盡管發(fā)生在過去，但側(cè)重說明該動作或狀態(tài)對現(xiàn)在造成的影響和結(jié)果。例如：Thehousewasbuiltlastyear.這房子是去年建造的。Thehousehasbeenbuilt.這房子已經(jīng)建好了。四、經(jīng)典習(xí)題Icantseeanycoffeeinthiscupboard.(北京2005春)A.HasitallbeenfinishedB.Wasita

10、llfinished2C.HasitallfinishedD.DiditallfinishMillionsofpoundsworthofdamagebyastormwhichsweptacrossthenorthofEnglandlastnight.（重慶2005）hasbeencausedB.hadbeencausedC.willbecausedD.willhavebeencaused3.Morepatientsinhospitalthisyearthanlastyear.（江蘇2004）A.treatedB.havetreatedC.hadbeentreatedD.havebeentrea

11、tedThewindowisdirty.一Iknow.Itforweeks.（2004全國卷III）A.hasntcleanedB.didntcleanC.wasntcleanedD.hasntbeencleaned【答案與解析】第1題的第一句話告訴我們，櫥柜里看不到咖啡了（對現(xiàn)在造成影響和結(jié)果），所以緊接著要問“咖啡已經(jīng)被喝完了嗎？”，故選A。第2題的意思是“昨晚橫掃英格蘭北部的暴風(fēng)雨已經(jīng)造成了上百萬英鎊的損失”，這里強(qiáng)調(diào)發(fā)生在過去的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響，故選A。第3題中的patients與treat之間是被動關(guān)系，排除A、B。根據(jù)時間狀語thisyear可知用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)，故選D。

12、第4題上句提到“窗戶很臟”，所以下句應(yīng)該是“窗戶已經(jīng)有數(shù)周沒有被擦了”，故選D?！菊n后練習(xí)】一、把下列句子變成被動語態(tài)Maryhaslockedthedoor.Shehastoldmeaboutthestory.Ihavereadthisbookmanytimes.Wehavecompletedallthepreparationsforthetask,andwerereadytostart.cThiscompanyhasproducednewtypesofcomputersTheyhaveinterviewedseveralteachersforthejob.Georgehassentsome

13、textsandpicturestohisfriendscellphone.TheyhavedevelopedsomeprogramsforthehumanresourcedepartmentoftheircompanySomeonehasputthebookunderthebenchformorethantwodays.Thetyphoonhasdamagedthebridgesbecauseofitsstrongwind.二、改錯Apersonalcomputerhasboughtbyus.Manyproblemshasbeenfoundwithournewcomputer.Thecomp

14、uterwasusedeverydaysinceweboughtit.ItssaidthatthisbookhastranslatedintoChinese.Thenewtheaterhasbeendesigningrecently.三、單選選擇Flight302toLondonuntil7:30tomorrowmorning.NowonderIhearsomanycomplaintsfromthepassengers.A.hasbeendelayedB.delayC.delayedD.willbedelayed=Greatchangesinthecity,andalotoffactories

15、.A.havebeentakenplace;havebeensetupB.havetakenplace;havebeensetupC.havetakenplace;havesetupD.weretakenplace;weresetupEveryyearafloodoffarmersarriveinShenzhenforthemoney-makingjobstheybeforeleavingtheirhometowns.人教版高中英語必修2現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)用法講解（教師版）人教版高中英語必修2現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)用法講解（教師版） /6 /6A.promisedB.werepromisedC

16、.havepromisedD.havebeenpromised4.DavidandVickyForaboutthreeyears.A.Howlongwere;beingC.Howlonghave;beenmarried?B.Howlonghave;gotD.Howlongdid;get5.TomwassaidtoMaryforfortyyears.A.havebeenmarriedtoC.hasbeenmarried6.PapermoneyB.havemarriedwithD.hadmarriedwithforoverathousandyears.A.usedB.hasbeenusedC.ha

17、susedD.isusing7.Wewanttositatthetablenearthewindow.Imsorry,butitA.hastakenB.took8.theletterNo.Itsstillonthedesk.already.C.wastakenD.hasbeentakentoMr.Black?A.Has;givenB.Will;begivenC.Was;givenD.Has;beengivenGreatchangesinmyhometownandalotoffactories.A.havebeentakenplace;arebeingsetupB.havetakenplace;

18、havebeensetup匚C.aretakenplace;hadbeensetupD.hadtakenplace;willbesetupSofar,moonbymanalready.A.isvisitedB.willbevisitedC.hasbeenvisitedD.wasvisited11.Withthehelpofhightechnology,morenewsubstancesinthepastyears.A.discoveredB.havediscoveredC.hadbeendiscoveredD.havebeendiscoveredIgotcaughtintherainandmy

19、suit.A.hasruinedB.hadruinedC.hasbeenruinedD.hadbeenruinedWhydoesthelakesmellterribleBecauselargequantitiesofwater.A.havepollutedB.isbeingpollutedC.hasbeenpollutedD.havebeenpolluted14.Whenandwheretogofortheon-salaryholidayyet.A.arenotdecidedB.havenotbeendecidedC.isnotbeingdecidedD.hasnotbeendecided15

20、.InrecentyearsmanyfootballclubsasbusinesstomakeaprofitA.haverunB.havebeenrunC.hadbeenrunD.willrunNopermissionhasforanybodytoenterthebuilding.A.beengivenB.gaveBy2003,28ChineseculturerelicsA.beplacedAlotofmoneyA.havebeenspentTheGreatWallA.isrebuilt20.TheStonehengeB.placedtoprotecttheoldtemple.B.hasspe

21、ntC.havespentmanytimesinhistory.B.hasbeenrebuiltC.beenrebuiltexistedformorethan3,000years.C.givenD.begiveonWorldHeritageListbyUNESCO.C.havebeenplacedD.haveplacedD.hasbeenspentD.rebuiltA.isB.be21.HowmanytimesA.doyoutellC.hasbeenD.havebeennottoplaywithfire?Imsorry.Illneverdothatagain.hadyoutoldC.areyo

22、utoldD.haveyoubeentold22.ThefiretothefifthfloorallthepeopleA.hasgot;Have;beensavedB.hasbeengot;Have;savedhasgot;Do;saveD.hasgot;Have;savedOldpaintingsaccordingtothedescriptions.A.arecarefullyrecreatedB.havebeencarefullyrecreatedC.haveberecreatedD.beencarefullyrecreatedMorevisitorstoBeijingsincethere

23、pairproject.A.havebrought;wascompletedB.havebeenbrought;wascompletedC.havebeenbrought;completedD.havebrought;completedItistruethatmanyoftheworldsgreatestcitiesonthebanksofariver.A.havebeenbuiltB.havebuiltC.arebeingbuiltD.werebuiltDoyouknowthethiefbythepolice?A.hascaughtB.hasbeencatchingC.wascaughtD.

24、hasbeencaughtItthatLeshanBuddhaisthebiggestamongtheBuddhasthat.A.wasreported;havebeenfoundB.isreported;havefoundC.isreported;havebeenfoundD.wasreported;hadbeenfoundWillyouattendthemeetingthisafternoon?ButIanythingaboutthat.A.hadnttoldMorepatientsA.treatedC.hadbeentreatedHowmanytreesA.areplantedB.hav

25、entbeentoldC.wasnttoldD.wonttellinthehospitalthisyearthanlastyear.B.havetreatedD.havebeentreatedthisyear?B.willplantC.havebeenplantedD.planted【答案解析】一、將以下句子的主動形式改為被動形式Thedoorhasbeenlocked.Ihavebeentoldaboutthestory.Thisbookhasbeenreadmanytimes.Allthepreparationsforthetaskhavebeencompleted,andwereread

26、ytostart.Newtypesofcomputershasbeenproduced.Severalteachershavebeeninterviewedforthejob.SometextsandpictureshavebeensenttoGeorgesfriendscellphone.cSomeprogramsforthehumanresourcedepartmentoftheircompanyhavebeendeveloped.Thebookhasbeenputunderthebenchformorethantwodays.Thebridgeshavebeendamagedbythet

27、yphoonbecauseofitsstrongwind.匚二、改錯Apersonalcomputerhasbeenboughtbyus.Manyproblemshavebeenfoundwithournewcomputer.Thecomputerhasbeenusedeverydaysinceweboughtit.ItssaidthatthisbookhasbeentranslatedintoChinese.5Thenewtheaterhasbeendesignedrecently.三、單項(xiàng)選擇答案：A解析：確定首句時態(tài)的關(guān)鍵信息在于NowonderIhearsomanycomplaintsfromthepassengers既然聽到了乘客的抱怨，說明航班已經(jīng)被推遲。也就是說，推遲這一動作發(fā)生在過去且已對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生影響，所以用現(xiàn)在完成時。答案：B答案：D解析：根據(jù)上文所用時態(tài)，下文應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在范疇的時態(tài)，排除A、B兩個答案，再考慮語態(tài)，選D項(xiàng)。答案