短暫性動詞于延續(xù)性動詞在現(xiàn)在完成時中的應用課件

1、(最新整理)短暫性動詞于延續(xù)性動詞在現(xiàn)在完成時中的應用2021/7/261短暫性動詞和延續(xù)性動詞在現(xiàn)在完成時中的應用2021/7/262 延續(xù)性動詞和短暫性動詞的概念 英語中，動詞按其動作發(fā)生的方式、動作發(fā)生過程的長短，可分為延續(xù)性動詞和短暫性動詞。 2021/7/263短暫性動詞:也稱非延續(xù)性動詞、瞬間動詞，表示不能延續(xù)的動作，這種動作發(fā)生后立即結束。如open, close, finish,start,marry,begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move,buy, borrow等。2021/7/264 延續(xù)性動詞:表示能夠延續(xù)的

2、動作，這種動作可以延續(xù)下去或產(chǎn)生持久影響。如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。要表示狀態(tài)和延續(xù)性動作時必須要用延續(xù)性動詞.2021/7/265常見的幾個短暫性動詞.begin(start),leave,go,borrow,come,return.join,die,buy,arrive.marry,become。2021/7/266短暫性動詞的用法1.短暫性動詞可用來表示某一動作完成，因此可用于現(xiàn)在完成時。如： The train has ar

3、rived.火車到了。 Have you joined the computer group?你加入電腦小組了嗎？ 2021/7/2672. 短暫性動詞表示的動作極其短暫，不能持續(xù)。因此,不可與for或 since等表示一段時間的狀語連用。(只限于肯定式)如： (1)他死了三年了。 誤：He has died for three years. 正：He has been dead for three years. (2)他來這兒五天了。 誤：He has come here for five days. 正：He has been here for five days.2021/7/2683.

4、終止性動詞可用于現(xiàn)在完成時否定式中，成為可以延續(xù)的狀態(tài)，因而可與表示一段時間的狀語連用。如： He hasnt left here since 1986. I havent heard from my father for two weeks. 2021/7/269延續(xù)性動詞的用法1.延續(xù)性動詞可以用于現(xiàn)在完成時，其完成時態(tài)可與表示“段時間”的狀語連用。表示“段時間”的短語有：for two years, during the past three years, since last year, how long等。如： I have learned English since I came

5、here.自從我來到這兒就學英語了。2021/7/26102. 延續(xù)性動詞不能與表示短暫時間的“點時間”狀語連用。如： It rained at eight yesterday morning.(誤) rain為延續(xù)性動詞，而at eight表示“點時間”，前后顯然矛盾。 如果用延續(xù)性動詞表示一瞬間的動作，可以借助come, begin, get等終止性動詞來表示。 2021/7/2611以下幾種 情況不能用短暫性動詞，要用延續(xù)性動詞1.for+一段時間2.since+過去時間點3.since+一般過去時從句4.since+一段時間+ago5.how long have/has？在以上結構中，

6、不能用have/has+短暫性動詞的過去分詞。2021/7/2612在現(xiàn)在完成時中，短暫性動詞如果要與表示一段時間的時間狀語連用,需把短暫性動詞改為相應的表示延續(xù)意義的動詞或詞組才可以.2021/7/2613常見的短暫性動詞變延續(xù)性動詞:Begin (start) be on leave be awayGo be there borrow(lend) keepCome be here return be back join be a member of(be in+組織點)die be dead buy have become bearrive in/at(reach,get to) be h

7、ere/staymarry be married open be opened 2021/7/2614例如：1.My pet has died for two days.(誤)die為短暫性動詞，不能與for+一段時間的狀語連用，這里要把die轉化為延續(xù)性動詞。即die be dead，則 My pet has been dead for two days.（正）2021/7/26152.She has borrowed the VCD since three weeks ago.(誤) borrow為短暫性動詞，不能與since+一段時間+ago的狀語連用，這里要把borrow轉化為延續(xù)性動

8、詞.即borrow keep，則 She has kept the VCD since three weeks ago.（正）2021/7/26163.He has left his hometown since 1986.（誤）leave為短暫性動詞，不能與since+過去時間點的狀語連用，這里要把leave轉化為延續(xù)性動詞. He has been away from his hometown since 1986.(正)2021/7/2617練習:Do you know Huang Ting well? yes,she and I _ friends since we met in Wu

9、han last summer. A. have made B. were C. have been D. had comeMr.Green _Beijing since three years ago. A. has come to B.went C. had lived in D. has been inHe _our school for two weeks. A. left B. has left C. has been awayShe _the dictionary for about twenty years. A. has bought B. has borrowed C. ha

10、s hadHow long can I _ the book? Two weeks. A. borrow B. lend C. get D. keepCDCCD2021/7/2618練習:6. I _ the League for 5 years so far. A. joined B. have joined C. have been in7.The factory _ since the February of 1988. A. has been opened B. has opened C. was open D.opened8. We _since we came here . A.have been married B. have married C. married D. has married9. He _ at eight yesterday afternoon.A. slept B. was sleep