現(xiàn)在分詞講解-PPT-可演示精編版課件

1、 現(xiàn)在分詞用法歸納 modified by lex一、現(xiàn)在分詞的結(jié)構(gòu)二、現(xiàn)在分詞的結(jié)構(gòu)含義三、現(xiàn)在分詞的句法功能四、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)五、現(xiàn)在分詞的主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)含義知識(shí)提綱一、現(xiàn)在分詞的結(jié)構(gòu) 主動(dòng)形式被動(dòng)形式一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done否定式 ：在現(xiàn)在分詞的前面直接加not 1.現(xiàn)在分詞的主動(dòng)式的一般式和完成式。一般式用來指和謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生的行為；完成式（having + 過去分詞）用來指在謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如：Being a student, he was interested in books. H

2、aving studied in university for 3 years, he knows the way very well. 二、現(xiàn)在分詞的結(jié)構(gòu)含義2.現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式的一般式和完成式。當(dāng)句子的主語是分詞動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，分詞用被動(dòng)語式；如果強(qiáng)調(diào)分詞的動(dòng)作先于謂語的動(dòng)作，就用分詞完成式被動(dòng)形式。如：The question being discussed is important. Having been criticized by the teacher, Li Ming gave up smoking. 【注】：being done 不能作狀語 having been done

3、不能作定語分詞不管充當(dāng)什么成分，都和所修飾的名詞或者代詞或者句子的主語形成主謂關(guān)系。1.作定語分詞短語作定語時(shí)，分詞短語放在被修飾的名詞之后；單個(gè)分詞作定語時(shí)，放在被修飾的名詞之前。相當(dāng)于定語從句。如：The man standing by the windows is our teacher. （standing 和所修飾的man形成主謂關(guān)系）In the following years he worked even harder. 三、現(xiàn)在分詞的句法功能 who is standing by the windows In the years that followed 【注】分詞作前置定語

4、(不同含義） 1.下列由動(dòng)詞變成形容詞化的分詞表達(dá)不同的含義。V-ing表示他人他物令人感到怎么樣。V-ed本身自己感到怎么樣。 interesting , interested ;exciting, excited; annoying, annoyed; amazing, amazed; amusing, amused ; astonishing, astonished; boring, bored; confusing, confused; disappointing, disappointed; encouraging, encouraged; embarrassing, embarra

5、ssed ; frightening, frightened; inspiring, inspired He had a _ (terrifying, terrified) look in his eyes. The boy answered in a _ (frightening, frightened) voice. terrifiedfrightened Hissonwas .Theoldmanfeltunhappy. Hissonwas , so he regretted not having prepared much for the test. 2.有些形容詞化的分詞表到不同的含義

6、。V-ing表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。V-ed表示動(dòng)作已完成，不表被動(dòng)。 rising/risen, falling/fallen, developing /developed , changing/ changed, fading /faded, boiled/ boiling ,drowning/ drowned China is a developing country. (發(fā)展中的) America is a developed country. （發(fā)達(dá)的） disappointingdisappointedboiling waterboiled waterfading flowers fad

7、ed flowersa drowning mana drowned man falling leavesfallen leavesa retired workeran escaped prisonerreturned students 正在沸騰的已經(jīng)沸騰過的正在凋謝的已經(jīng)凋謝的快要淹死的已經(jīng)淹死的正在飄落的樹葉落 葉退休工人逃犯 歸國留學(xué)生分詞作定語相當(dāng)于定語從句(1).The boy sitting under that tree is my brother. The boy who is sitting under that tree is my brother.I know the pe

8、ople building the house there.I know the people who are building the house there The building completed last month is a bank The building that was completed last month is a bank The house being built over there is a shop. 被動(dòng),正在建 The house that is being built over there is a shop.The house built over

9、 there is a shop. （被動(dòng)、已建好）The house that is built over there is a shop.2 作表語。如：The news is inspiring.3.作賓語補(bǔ)足語。如：We saw the teacher making the experiment. 注意：在see，hear，watch，fell，observe，have，notice等動(dòng)詞后，既可以用現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語，也可以用不定式構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語，但兩者的含義是有區(qū)別的，用現(xiàn)在分詞，表示動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生（即處于發(fā)生的過程中，還沒有結(jié)束），用不定式表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生了（即動(dòng)作全過程結(jié)束了）。如：

10、I saw the girl getting on the bus. I saw the girl get into the car and drive off. 【注】：“have + 賓語 + 現(xiàn)在分詞”表示主體使客體處于某狀態(tài)或干什么事；“have + 賓語 + 過去分詞”表示動(dòng)作是別人做的或與主體意志無關(guān)。如：He had his clothes washed. （他叫別人洗了衣服。）We had the fire burning all day. （我們使火燃燒了一整天。） 1.語態(tài) 時(shí)態(tài) 含義：（主動(dòng)與被動(dòng)， 一般時(shí)與完成時(shí)， 時(shí)間狀語， 原因狀語， 方式/伴隨狀語 ，條件狀語，

11、結(jié)果狀語，讓步狀語） 2.主語一致性： 分詞語態(tài)與主句主語一致3.避免重復(fù)連詞 4.否定詞位置5.有些動(dòng)詞是被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)主動(dòng)含義6.有些動(dòng)詞分詞作為插入語7.Being done不做狀語4.作狀語主語一致性 動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞形式都可以引導(dǎo)一個(gè)分詞短語作句子的狀語。一般來說，不管用現(xiàn)在分詞還是過去分詞作狀語，分詞的邏輯主語都應(yīng)當(dāng)與句子的實(shí)際主語保持一致。如：1.Hearing the news, his tears rolled down his face. When he heard the news, his tears rolled down his face.2.Watered in

12、 time, he could grow the flower better than before.Watering the flower in time, he could grow the flower better than before.Watered in time, the flower could grow better than before.錯(cuò)錯(cuò)A.作時(shí)間狀語：_ (wander) through the square, I caught sight of a snake-charmer. While I was wandering through the square,

13、I caught sight of a snake-charmer.B.作原因狀語： _(know) her address, we could get in touch with her. Because we knew her address, we could get in touch with her. WanderingKnowing C.方式/伴隨狀語; She watched the film, _ (weep ) and _ (sigh). She watched the film, while she wept and sighedD.作條件狀語： _ (play) all

14、day, you will waste your valuable time. If you play all day, you will waste your valuable time.weepingsighingPlayingE.作結(jié)果狀語：(意料中的結(jié)果) The hunters fired, _(shoot) one of the wolves. 區(qū)別: 不定式表示意外的結(jié)果 He hurried to the station, only _ (find) the train had left. F.作讓步狀語： _ (rain) heavily, it cleared up ver

15、y soon. Though it rained heavily, it cleared up very soon. shootingto findRaining1、某些表示內(nèi)在品質(zhì)和性能的不及物動(dòng)詞的非進(jìn)行體形式，如：lock(鎖)， open(開), clean（弄干凈, move（移動(dòng)）, wash（洗）, sell（賣）, write（寫）, weigh（稱重）, measure（量）, read（讀）, shut（關(guān)）, break（打碎）, ride（騎）, wear（穿）, add up（加起來）等等, 句中往往用物作主語，且與一個(gè)行為方式狀語（常用作行為方式狀語的副詞有：wel

16、l, easily, long, fast, smoothly, rough等等）連或用于否定，表示某物展示出的該動(dòng)作的某一特性，該特性促使動(dòng)作得以實(shí)現(xiàn)或難以實(shí)現(xiàn)。例如：Glass breaks easily. 玻璃易打碎。My pen writes smoothly. 我的鋼筆好寫。This kind of car sells very well. 這種車銷路很好。The material wont wear. 這種材料不經(jīng)久耐用。四、用主動(dòng)表達(dá)被動(dòng)含義的動(dòng)詞2、某些表狀態(tài)的聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞，如 look, smell, taste, feel, sound等等，它通常以形容詞作表語，一般不跟副詞，

17、不與to be連用。Cotton feels soft. 棉花摸起來很柔軟。He looks blue. 他顯得神情沮喪。This dish tastes delicious. 這道菜味道鮮美。His conclusion sounded reasonable. 他的結(jié)論聽起來很合理。有些動(dòng)詞看似被動(dòng)用主動(dòng)在用法上的體現(xiàn) _ delicious, the soup was sold out sooner or later. A. To smell B. Smelled C. Smelt D. Smelling_such heavy pollution already, it may now b

18、e too late to clean up the river. A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered DA被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)主動(dòng)含義(括號(hào)中是對應(yīng)的主動(dòng)結(jié)詞） be seated (sit) , be dressed (wear), be devoted to (devote sth. to ) be involved in ， be addicted to be absorbed in ，be faced with (face/face up to) be convinced (believe) ， be occupied

19、 with be determined to ， be intended for based on (depending on) be located in (lie in /stand in) be informed of (know) 對比1.The film was made based on a true old story. The film was made depending on a true old story. 2. Devoted to his research, he almost forgot everything. Devoting himself to his r

20、esearch, he almost forgot everything.3.The woman kept her eyes fixed on her baby for quite some time.The woman kept her eyes looking at her baby for quite some time.分詞作插入語 但是也有分詞的邏輯主語與句子的實(shí)際主語不一致的情況，如：分詞作插入語的結(jié)構(gòu)是固定的，意思上的主語并不是句子的主語。例如： generally speaking一般說來， talking of （speaking of） 說道 strictly speaki

21、ng 嚴(yán)格的說 ， judging from 從判斷 all things considered 從整體來看 ， considering- 考慮到-taking all things into consideration全面看來 provided that-/ supposing that- 如果-例如：Judging from his face, he must be ill.從他的臉色看，他一定是病了。 _the past, our life is becoming much better. Comparing with B. Be compared with C. To compare

22、with D. Compared WithD有些動(dòng)詞含義不同，同一動(dòng)詞兩種語態(tài)1.Considering his age, he is not fit for the job. Considered the best detective, he was sent to track down the assassin2. Judging from past performances, he is not likely to do very well in his exams. Judged unpractical, the plan was abandoned.下面考考你，看你是否已經(jīng)掌握了這一

23、點(diǎn)。1._from his accent, he must be from Australia. A.Judging B.Judged2._innocent,he was set free. A.Judging B.Judged3._the state of mind she was in, shed better stay at home. A.Considering B.Considered4._most useful, English is studied by millions of people in the world. A.Considering B.Considered5._t

24、o be the symbol of the nation, the Great Wall has been well preserved. A.Considering B.Considered ABABB動(dòng)詞三種形態(tài)比較_ (catch) the early bus, he got up early._ (catch) the early bus, and you cannot miss the meeting._ (catch) the early bus, you cannot miss the meeting.To catchCatchCatching 從句與主句主語不一致時(shí)使用 獨(dú)立

25、結(jié)構(gòu)名詞(代詞) +現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞；名詞(代詞)+形容詞；名詞(代詞)+副詞；名詞(代詞)+不定式；名詞(代詞) +介詞短語構(gòu)成。 The letter having been written, he took it to the post When the letter had been written, he took it to the post No one being against it, we will adopt the proposal Since no one is against it, we will adopt the proposal 1. _ no bus,

26、we had to walk home.A. There was B. There being C. Because there being D.There were2. _, Ill go there with you tomorrow afternoon.A. Time permits B. If time permitted C. Time permitting D. Times permitting3._, we all went home happily.A. Goodbye was said B. Goodbye had been said C. Goodbye said D. W

27、hen goodbye said4. _, we all went swimming in high spirits. A. It being fine weather B. Its being fine weather C. It was fine weather D. It being a fine weather 5._, I had to buy a new one.A. My dictionary losing B. My dictionary having been lost C. My dictionary had been lost D. Because my dictiona

28、ry lost 高考連接 6. _ production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year.A. As B. For C. With D. Through 7. With a lot of work _, I have to sit up tonight.A. do B. doing C. done D. to do8. He stood there silently, his lips_.A. trembling B. trembled C. were trembling D. were trembling9. _,

29、her suggestion is of greater value than yours.A. All things considering B. All things considered C. All things were considered D. With all things were considered I. Multiple choice:1._thedistancewastoolongandthetimewasshort,we decidednottodrivetoFlorida. A.Discovering B.Todiscover C.Tohavediscovered

30、D.Discovered2.-Hi,Mary.Wouldyouliketogototheconcertthisevening? -Sorry,Tom._tomorrowslessons,Ihavenotimetogo outwithyou. A.Notpreparing B.Nothavingprepared C.Nottoprepare D.Beingnotprepared3.Thebuilding_willbecompletedinamonth.Itwillbeourlabbuilding. A.topaint B.beingpainted C.tohavepaintedD.paintin

31、g4.Shereachedthetopofthehillandstopped_onabig rockbythesideofthepath. A.tohaverested B.resting C.torestD.rest5.TheEnglishexamisnotdifficult,isit? _.EvenTom_tothetopstudentsfailedinit. A.Yes;belongs B.No;belonged C.Yes;belonging D.No;belonging6.-Whatdoyousupposemadeherworried? -_agoldring. A.LoseB.Lo

32、st C.Losing D.Becauseoflosing7. Doyoufeellike_out? No.Idratherwe_ataxi. A.todrive;takeB.todrive;took C.driving;take D.driving;took8.Attheendof2004,therewerearound6,000foreign printingcompaniesinChina,_uparound4percent ofnationaltotal. A.madeB.tomakeC.makingD.havingmade10.-Lucydoesntseemtobewhatshewa

33、s. -No_somuchinthewarhasmadehermore thoughtful.Seen B. Herseeing C. Havingseen D. Tohaveseen11.Isthereanypossibilityofthefilm_inParis InternationalFestival? Notintheleast,becauseaudiencegenerallythinklittleofit.A.tryingoutB.triedoutC.totryoutD.beingtriedout12.When she returned home, she found the ro

34、om lighting and _ A. entered B. entering C. to enter D. enter 13.HowdidyougetintouchwithMrs.Green? Well,itseemstomethatyouveforgotten _hertelephonenumbertheotherday. A.totell B.tohavetold C.telling D.beingtold14._severaltimes,theyoungscientiststillkeptonmakinghisexperiments. A.Havingbeenfailed B.Hav

35、ingfailed C.Thoughfailed D.Becauseoffailure. 14.-Whatterribleweather!Isimplycantgetthecar-Whynottry _ theenginewithsomehotwater?A.starting;fillingB.start;fillingC.started;tofill D.tostart;fill15.Thatsthebestwayyouthoughtof_intothe dangerousareasA. stoppingpeoplegetting B. tostoppeoplegettingC. tokee

36、ppeoplegetting D. preventpeoplefromgetting16._onthetopofthemountainisanancienttower_ backto2hundredyearsago.A. Standing;datingB. Tostand;todateC. Havingstood;datingD. Stand; dated1. The Olympic Games, in 776 B.C, did not include women players until 1912. A. first playing B. to be first played C. fir

37、st played D. to be first playing4. The boy lay on his back, with his teeth ,his right hand , and his glaring eyes straight upward. A. set, raising, looked B. set, raised, looking C. setting, raised, looked D. to set, raising, looking_from space, our earth, with water 70% of its surface, appears as a

38、 “blue planet”. A. Seeing, covering B. Having seen, covered C. To see, covered D. Seen, covering6. My brother left the work half , for you can find many books scattered on the floor. A. done, lying B. doing, lain C. do , lay D. did, lie8. Having been served lunch .A. the problem was discussed by the

39、 members of the clubB. the members of the club discussed the problemC. it was discussed by the members of the clubD. a discussion of the problem was made by the members9. He has lots of books, that he is still young. A. considering B. considered C. being considered D. our considering10. “ more atten

40、tion, my pronunciation will be improved greatly.”, and “_more time, I will improve my pronunciation greatly”. A. Given, Giving B. Given, Given C. Giving, Giving D. Giving, Given11. Cleaning women in big cities usually get _ by the hour. A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay_is know to all, China will b

41、e an and powerful country in 20 or 30 year time. A. That, advancing B. This advanced C. As, advanced D. It, advancing14. Jack didnt get his bicycle soon enough at Jacks, for John had a lot of bicycles _at the time. A. to be repaired, to repair B. repaired, to repair C. to repair, to be repaired D. t

42、o repair, repaired15. She felt rather that she should drive the car at such a speed. A. frightening, frightening B. frightened, frightened C. frightening, frightened D. frightened, frightening 16. The first textbook _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. have written B. to be written C. being written D. written17. There was a terrible noise _ the sudden burst of light.followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed18. _, liquids can be changed into gases.A. Hea