高考英語語法專題復(fù)習(xí)拓展資料之代詞 講義

1、人稱代詞與物主代詞一，人稱代詞1.人稱代詞的格人稱代詞的格指的是其主格和賓格兩種形式。主格就是指代詞做主語時所用的形式；賓 格那么是在句子中做賓語所用的形式。使用賓格有幾種情況：.動詞，介詞之后。The Lunar New Year was always a happy time for us Chinese children.Friends can make us happy.做表語。What would you do if you were him?.單獨使用。Most of the homework was done by two members of the family, my mo

2、ther and me.在than之后與其他人或事物進(jìn)行比擬時，用主格和賓格都可以。He is older than me/L2.人稱代詞的其他情況.當(dāng)說話者不清楚或沒必要清楚對象的性別時，可以用It表示。Its a lovely baby. Is it a boy or a girl?.人稱代詞也可用作為名詞。Its not a she; its a he.代詞(they不分性別)指代已經(jīng)提過的一些人或事The Browns phoned. Theyre coming round this evening二，物主代詞1.表示所有關(guān)系的代詞叫物主代詞。物主代詞分形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代

3、詞。其分類如下：形容詞性 物主代詞名詞性物主代詞單數(shù)第一人稱mymine第二人稱youryours第三人稱Illshisherhersitsits復(fù) 數(shù)第一人稱our-ours第二人稱youryours第三人稱theirtheirs2.這兩類代詞用法的最大區(qū)別是:形容詞性物主代詞具有形容詞性質(zhì)和作用，作定語，修飾 名詞;名詞性物主代詞具有名詞性質(zhì)和作用,本身就可以做主語、表語或賓語.換句話說，形容 詞性物主代詞后面必須加名詞，而名詞性物主代詞后面不得加名詞.Is this your football, boys? -No, it is not ours. Your 作定語，置于 footbal

4、l 之前， ours作表語，置于is之后。Our school is here, and theirs is there. Our 作定i吾, 置于 school 之前,theirs 作主 語，置于is之前。3.注意1)形容詞性的物主代詞可作動名詞的定語Would you mind my opening the windows?.名詞性物主代詞還可與名詞及of連用構(gòu)成雙重所有格：a/an/this/that/ That car of mine is always breaking down.These/those/some/any/no/every/each/another+名詞+of+名詞性

5、物主代詞 Some friends of mine will attend my party.不定代詞一，表兩者或多者的不定代詞都都不任一兩者bothneithereither多者allnoneany注意：all指三者或三者以上“都”,both指兩者“都”neither表示“兩個都不”，常和of連用，either指兩者之中的任何一個。none表示三個或三個以上“都不 可用于人，也可用于物，用于疑問句、否 定句或條件句中，或用于never, hardly, without, if/whether等詞之后。練習(xí).Mr. Alcott refused to accept (任彳可)of the th

6、ree suggestions made by the students Union.There are many trees on side (= sides) of the street. (者E不)of the two cars is mine.his hands were wounded. He had lost his temper and his health in the war and never found of themagain.注意主謂一致.表示兩者either-肯定含義-作主語時謂語動詞用單數(shù)Either (of the books) is popular with

7、the students.neither-否認(rèn)含義-作主語時謂語多用單數(shù)Neither of the twins is correct.both肯定含義-作主語時謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)Both are right.= Both of them are right.either.or/neither.nor連接兩個主語時，謂語適用就近原那么Either you or your mother likes swimming.Neither you nor she is good at drawing.Both與and構(gòu)成并列連詞，做主語時謂語用復(fù)數(shù)Both he and his brother are go

8、od at English.表示多者none-否認(rèn)含義-其后可接of短語，可指人指物，作主語時如和。f連用 指不可數(shù)名詞時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，指可數(shù)名詞時，謂語動詞用單復(fù)均可。None of this money belongs to me.None of them has/ have seen me before.any:三者或三者以上中的任何一個，表示“任何”意義的時候后面接單數(shù)可 數(shù)名詞；表示“一些”意義的時候后面可接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。Take any book you want.There arent any students in the classroom.all:三者或三者以上全部

9、；代替不可數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語用單數(shù)，代替復(fù)數(shù) 可數(shù)名詞時，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。All enjoy themselves.Now all has been changed.注意全部肯定/全部否認(rèn)/局部否認(rèn)全部肯定：al 1/both/everyone/everybody/everything/every+；詞Everyone would like to watch you practice.I know both of them.全部否認(rèn)： no one/none/nobody/nothing/neither/not.any/no+ 詞There is nobody in the reading ro

10、om.None of that money on the table is mine.Neither of them can sing very well.局部否認(rèn)： not+全部肯定、everywhere/always/altogetherAll that glisters is not gold. = Not all that glisters is gold.You can not fool all the people all the time.Both methods are not practical.= Not both methods are practical.二, 表另外的

11、不定代詞 other/others/the other/another(l)other意為“其他的”，其后常接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式，如果前面有the, some, any, each, every, no以及形容詞性物主代詞，也可以與可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)連用。Do you have any other questions?(2)others意為“其他的人或物”，相當(dāng)于other+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”，可構(gòu)成some.others. 一叱另一叱Some people take great pleasure in helping and giving someone else while others feel hap

12、py doing the opposite.(3)the other有兩種常見用法：the other意為“其他的”，其后常接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) 形式，也可接不可數(shù)名詞，表示特指概念；the other意為“兩者中的另一個”, 常用于onethe other”結(jié)構(gòu)。He has two daughters. One is a nurse, the other is a worker.Mary is much taller than the other girls.(4)another意為“又/再.”,指三者或三者以上中的另一個。常用于“another+ 基數(shù)詞+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。該結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于“基數(shù)詞+ m

13、ore+名詞”If I choose to take the next bus, I would have to wait for another 30 minutes.三，表每一的不定代詞 each& every(l)each強調(diào)個體，而every那么強調(diào)整體，與all相當(dāng)。因此，與almost, nearly, without exception 等連用時，可用 every,不能用 each.Every student in our class has a dictionary.(定語，強調(diào)班上“所有的人)Each student in our class has a dictionary

14、. (定語，強調(diào)各個個體)(2)each可指兩者，而every那么不能。He had a cut on each foot.(3)each還可用作代詞，而every只能用作形容詞，且只能作定語。Each has his advantages.Every child in the class passed the exam（4）every可表示“每（隔）”，但each不能The Olympic Games is held every four years.四，表一些的不定代詞some &anysome：用于肯定句中，或用于建議、請求、邀請的疑問句中，或用于希望對方作肯定回答的疑問句中，也用于表示

15、反問的否認(rèn)疑句中。Would you like some more bananas?any：用于疑問句、否認(rèn)句或條件句中，或用于never, hardly, without, if/whether等詞之后。Pd been expecting some letters the whole morning, but there werent any for me.（全 國）五，復(fù)合不定代詞（something/anything/nothing）注意復(fù)合不定代詞作主語，謂語動詞要用單數(shù)。Everything is good when new, but friends when old.東西是新的好，

16、朋友是老的滎O修飾復(fù)合不定代詞的形容詞要位于后面。something important 重要的事。（3）something, somebody/someone, anything還可作名詞，意為“重要的事情（或人 物廣。His wife is now somebody in television.（4） 一些固定搭配：all but （差不多），anything but（根本不），nothing but （只 不過，僅僅），none but （僅僅，只有）指示代詞&反身代詞一，指示代詞的用法1）作主語This is the way to do it.2）作賓語I like this bett

17、er than that.3）作表語My point is this.4）作介詞賓語I dont say no to that.There is no fear of that.考前須知（1）this和these是時間或空間上的“近指”，可與here連用；that和those是時間或空間上 的“遠(yuǎn)指”,可與there連用。This is a pen and that is a pencil.We are busy these days.In those days the workers had a hard time(2)that和those指前面講到過的事物；this和these那么是指下面

18、將要講到的事物。I had a cold. Thats why I didnt come.What I want to say is this ; pronunciation is very important in learning English.(3)有時為了防止重復(fù)提到的名詞，?？捎胻hat或those代替Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai.(4) this在 用語中代表自己，that那么代表對方，不用I或you。Hello! This is Mary. Is that J

19、ack speaking?this和that還可表示程度，意為“如此，那么，相當(dāng)于so,作狀語。The ending is not that satisfactory.二，反身代詞的用法.作賓語1)動賓：Tom taught himself Chinese.) 介賓：The boy is old enough to take care of himself.用 作表語：I am not myself today.用作同位語 The thing itself is not important.在不強調(diào)的情況下，but, except, for等介詞后賓語用反身代詞或人稱代詞賓格均可。 No on

20、e but myself (me) is hurt.注意1)反身代詞本身不能單獨作主語。Myself drove the car.(錯)I myself drove the car. (對 )2)但在and, or, nor連接的并列主語中，第二個主語可用反身代詞，特別是myself作主語。Charles and myself saw it.查爾斯和我看見了這件事。三，替代詞l.it表同類同物表單數(shù)Yesterday, I bought a football, but now I can? t find it.one表同類但不同物，表單數(shù)，可用形容詞修飾，泛指There are many TV

21、 sets in the store; Would you like to take one? (a TV set)ones表同類但不同物，表復(fù)數(shù)，可用形容詞修飾，泛指I don t like green apples; I like red ones.the one表同類但不同物,表特指，表單數(shù)The bridge made of stone is much stronger than the one made of wood.that表同類但不同物，指代單數(shù)或不可數(shù)The boy told me his story and that of his sister s.The populati

22、on of China is larger than that of any other country in Asia.the ones/those表同類不同物，表特指，表復(fù)數(shù)The books on the desk are better than the ones / those under the deskit的用法一，it用作實詞1、指前面已提過的事物、想法或情況等e.g. He sent me a pen and I liked it very much.2、性別不明或不重要的人或動物e.g. The baby is crying. It must be hungry.3、在語境中

23、確認(rèn)的某人或某事物e.g. - Who is it over there?-It may be Mr. Li.二，it用作虛詞1、指時間、天氣、距離、環(huán)境等e.g. It s 5 kilometers from here to my school2、形式主語或形式賓語，真正的主語或賓語是后面的不定式、動名詞或從句e.g. It is important for us to take exercise.It is no use crying spilt milk.It has been confirmed that he will retire next month.三，it用于強調(diào)句型1.強調(diào)

24、句型：It is/was +被強調(diào)局部+ that從句(被強調(diào)的主語如果是人，that可以由 who換用)It was about 600 years ago that the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.It was they that (who ) cleaned the classroom yesterday.Was it in the street that you met her?Who was it that called him “comrade” ?特例：It is not until +被強調(diào)局部+tha

25、t該句型也是強調(diào)句型。主要用于強凋時間狀語，譯成漢 語”直到才可以說是not .until.的強調(diào)形式。It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.=Not until she took off her glasses did I realize she was a famous film star.=I didn t realize she was a famous film star until she took off her glasses.It wa

26、s not until yesterday that I met my old friend.It is in a small factory that my brother is going to work.四，幾個易混淆的it句型It is/was +時間+ since 從已多久了It is three years since I met him in Beijing.It was a long time since I (had) lived in that small mountain village with these farmers.It is five months since

27、 I arrived in New York.我到紐約已經(jīng)五個月 了。It + be + 時間 + before-clause這個句型中的時間一般為表示一段時間的詞語(如：a long time, months, weeks, days,hours, minutes ),主句中的謂語動詞用肯定式，意為“過多長時間才主句的謂語動詞是否 定式時，意為“沒過多長時間就二主句的時態(tài)可用過去時was或?qū)頃rwill be；用was 時，before從句的動詞用一般過去時；用will be時，before從句常用一般現(xiàn)在時。It will be several years before we meet again.It was not long before they set out for the front.It + be + time