動(dòng)名詞用法分析課件

1、動(dòng)名詞用法 英語動(dòng)名詞是非謂動(dòng)詞的一種形式。從形式上 ,是在動(dòng)詞原形的末尾加上-ing，否定形式為在doing前+not. _ ?動(dòng)名詞構(gòu)成形式（同現(xiàn)在分詞）：規(guī)則例詞一般情況+ingTrying, eating, doing特殊雙寫輔音字母+ingRegretting, running, banning不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾去e，+inghaving, hating, dancing,在doing前+not一.直接在動(dòng)詞后面加-ing 1. do-doing 做 2. stand-standing 站 3. sleep-sleeping 睡覺 4. eat-eating 吃 5. sing-si

2、nging 唱 6. drink-drinking 喝 7. read-reading 讀 8. look-looking 看 9. walk-walking 散步 10. watch-watching 看11. draw-drawing 畫 12. fly-flying 飛 13. open-opening 打開14. jump-jumping 跳 15. do-doing 做 16. paint-painting 繪畫 17. pick-picking 撿 18. play-playing 玩 19. garden-gardening 做園藝工作 20. talk-talking 說話 2

3、1. cook-cooking 烹飪 22. see-seeing 看見23. learn-learning 學(xué)習(xí) 24. catch-catching 抓住 25. climb-climbing 爬 26. count-counting 數(shù)數(shù) 27. clean-cleaning 打掃 28. fish-fishing 釣魚 二.以不發(fā)音的e 結(jié)尾的 去e + -ing 1. come coming 來 2. dance - dancing 跳舞 3. close - closing 關(guān) 4. make making 制造 5. ride riding 騎 6. write - writin

4、g 寫 7. take - taking 拿走 8. phone - phoning 打電話 9.dance-dancing跳舞 9. move moving 移動(dòng) 搬 10. have having 有 11.leave-leaving 12.wake-waking 三. 重讀閉音節(jié)，雙寫最后一個(gè)輔音字母，再加-ing 1. sit- sitting 做 2. hop - hopping 單腳跳 3. swim- swimming 游泳 4. run- running 跑 5. cut cutting 切 6. put putting 放 7. get-getting 得到 8.shop-s

5、hopping 購物 9.skip-skipping 跳繩 10.begin-beginning 開始 11.forget-forgetting 12.stop-stopping 13.rob-robbing搶劫 14.prefer-preferring 更喜歡四.以ie結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，變ie為y，再加ing; 1.lie-lying 2.die-dying英語重讀閉音節(jié)：是指在一個(gè)音節(jié)（一個(gè)音節(jié)是由一個(gè)元音和輔音構(gòu)成的，并且至少包含一個(gè)元音，可以沒有輔音）中，以輔音音素結(jié)尾的而且是重讀音節(jié)的音節(jié)；元音字母不是發(fā)它本身的字母音。比如apple 劃音節(jié)就應(yīng)該是ap/ple， 前面ap 是一個(gè)音節(jié)，以

6、輔音因素p結(jié)尾就是閉音節(jié)。 重讀閉音節(jié)三要素： 1. 必須是重讀音節(jié)； 2. 最后只有一個(gè)輔音字母； 3. 元音字母發(fā)短元音 。 重讀閉音節(jié)即兩個(gè)輔音中間夾一個(gè)元音. 如:sit-sitting begin-beginning(重讀在gin這個(gè)音節(jié)上，相當(dāng)于把gin改成雙寫的) 像travel這種重讀不在的vel，可以為travelled，也可以是traveled. 舉兩個(gè)很經(jīng)典的例子： forbid-forbidding (重讀閉音節(jié)，雙寫)prohibit-prohibiting （重讀在第二音節(jié)，非重讀閉音節(jié)，不雙寫）動(dòng)名詞的形式： 主動(dòng)語態(tài) 被動(dòng)語態(tài)一般式 doing being do

7、ne完成式 having done having been done(not) (not) (not) (not)動(dòng)名詞特點(diǎn):1、 動(dòng)：它是從動(dòng)詞變化而來的，所以它保留了動(dòng)詞的某些特征-能帶自己的賓語、狀語等，這時(shí)叫動(dòng)名詞短語； 2、名：動(dòng)名詞最大的特點(diǎn)是相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞，因此，動(dòng)名詞可以在句中作主語、賓語、表語、定、同位語等。因?yàn)樗鳛槊~來使用，所以也會(huì)出現(xiàn)名詞所有格/形物代+動(dòng)名詞。 His /Marys bagHis/Marys doing sth. 他/Mary做 being admitted into a key university 被重點(diǎn)大學(xué)錄取doing homework 做作

8、業(yè)His/Marys being admitted into a key university 他/Mary被重點(diǎn)大學(xué)錄取1、動(dòng)名詞作主語動(dòng)名詞是由動(dòng)詞變化而來，所以，動(dòng)名詞的意義往往是表示某個(gè)動(dòng)作或某件事情。例如： Reading English aloud in the morning will do you a lot of good. Cheating on an exam ruins ones character.His being elected American president made us think of a lot. (Trumps)（特朗普）動(dòng)名詞作主語時(shí)，還可以用

9、it作形式主語： It is no good waiting here. It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水難收。 It is a waste of time talking to him . 早晨朗讀英文會(huì)給你帶來許多好處?？荚囎鞅讱娜说男愿?。 他 當(dāng)選為美國總統(tǒng)讓我們想起了許多許多。 形物代/所有格特殊情況：動(dòng)名詞作主語時(shí)，對(duì)于一些比較長的動(dòng)名詞短語，一般采用：1. 用it作形式主語It is no use doing. 做是無用的。It is no good doing. 做是沒好處的。It is useless doing . 做是無用的。

10、Its a waste of time doing . 做是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。2.“There is no +動(dòng)名詞”句式來表示 There is no _(joke) about such matters.這種事開不得玩笑。There is no _ (litter) about. 不許亂扔雜物。 There is no _ (hold) back the wheel of history. 歷史車輪不可阻擋。jokinglitteringholding2. 動(dòng)名詞作賓語 1）動(dòng)名詞作某些動(dòng)詞賓語?，F(xiàn)階段常見動(dòng)詞：mind, suggest, enjoy, admit, appreciate, av

11、oid, delay, escape, forgive, imagine, keep, miss, practise, resist, risk, deny, consider 。Many people enjoy _(sunbathe) on the beach in summer. 夏季，很多人喜歡在沙灘日光浴。I suggest _ (do) it in a different way. 我建議用另一種方法做這件事。 （介意） （建議） （欣賞） （承認(rèn)） （感激，欣賞） （避免） （推遲） （逃脫） （寬恕） （想象） （保持） （錯(cuò)過）, （訓(xùn)練） （抵抗，抵制） （冒險(xiǎn)）（拒絕，否

12、認(rèn)） （考慮）等。sunbathingdoing動(dòng)名詞作介詞賓語時(shí)，通常放在由動(dòng)詞或形容詞與介詞組成的動(dòng)詞短語或形容詞短語后。此類短語有很多。如： look forward to , be proud of be responsible for , insist on , ,think of , dream of , object to , hear of , prevent from , keepfrom , stopfrom , be engaged in , depend on , thankfor , excusefor , aim at , devoteto , set about

13、, be/get used to , be fond of , be afraid of , be tired of , succeed in , be interested in , be ashamed of , be against 等等。 2）動(dòng)名詞作介詞賓語 （渴望，盼望）（以自豪）（對(duì)負(fù)責(zé)）（堅(jiān)持）（考慮，想到）（夢(mèng)想）（反對(duì)，抗議）（聽說）（防止，阻止）（防止，阻止）（防止，阻止）（從事于）（依靠，依賴）（因而道謝）（因而道歉）（目的在于）（獻(xiàn)身于）（著手做）（習(xí)慣于）（喜歡）（害怕）（對(duì)厭煩） （成功地做）（對(duì)感興趣）（對(duì)感到羞愧）(反對(duì))注意： 1）在有些句子中，介詞?？墒∪?/p>

14、。 I have no difficulty (in) communicating with foreigners.我在和外國人交談方面沒有什么困難。He used to spend a lot of time (in) playing games.過去他?；ê芏鄷r(shí)間玩游戲。What can prevent us (from) getting married?有什么能阻止我們結(jié)婚？ 2）動(dòng)名詞可以和一些介詞如in, on, after, against, before, by, for, without, besides等構(gòu)成短語，在句中作狀語。 He left ahead of time w

15、ithout saying a word.他一句話也沒說就提前離開了。Besides cooking and sewing, she had to take care of four children.除了做飯和縫紉以外，她還要照顧四個(gè)孩子。On hearing the news, all the pupils jumped with joy.聽到這個(gè)消息后，所有的學(xué)生都高興得跳了起來。3）want（需要）, need（需要）, deserve（值得）, require（需要）等詞后，用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意思，即 want doing = want to be done need doi

16、ng = need to be done deserve doing= deserve to be done require doing = require to be doneYour car needs filling. 你這車要充氣了。This city deserves visiting. 這座城市值得光顧一下。The problem requires studying carefully.這個(gè)問題需要認(rèn)真研究。The trees want watering. 這些樹需要澆水了。2. 在 be worth后面只能用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)語態(tài)來表示被動(dòng)意義。His suggestion is wo

17、rth considering.The lecture is worth listening to.4）動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu) 動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)指動(dòng)名詞前有其邏輯主語。復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)通常由“形物代、人稱代詞賓格、名詞所有格或者名詞的普通格+動(dòng)名詞”構(gòu)成，在句子開頭時(shí)必須用物主代詞和名詞所有格，通常在句中作主語和賓語。 His coming made us very happy.他的到來使我們大家都很高興。I dont mind your opening the window.=I dont mind you opening the window.我不介意你開窗。I enjoyed listening to

18、 Johns singing.=I enjoyed listening to john singing.我喜歡聽約翰唱歌。5). 動(dòng)名詞的一般式有時(shí)可代替完成式。如：I remember seeing/having seen you.Im sorry for coming/having come late.3. 動(dòng)名詞作表語 His hobby is collecting stamps.他的愛好是收集郵票。Their task is exploring oil mines in the west. 他們的任務(wù)是在西部探查油礦。In the ant city, the queens job is

19、 laying eggs.在螞蟻王國，蟻后的工作是產(chǎn)卵。Teaching is learning. 教學(xué)相長. 注意：1）主語和表語可以互換位置 2）動(dòng)名詞和不定式都要有對(duì)稱性;當(dāng)主語是不定式時(shí)，表語也用不定式；反之，當(dāng)主語是動(dòng)名詞時(shí)，表語也用動(dòng)名詞。 To see is to believe. = Seeing is believing. 4. 動(dòng)名詞作定語 動(dòng)名詞作定語時(shí)一般前置，與所修飾的名詞間沒有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，表所修飾名詞的用途，而現(xiàn)在分詞作定語時(shí)與所修飾的名詞之間有主謂關(guān)系。 。A reading room 閱覽室 A swimming pool 游泳池 A dining car

20、 餐車A sleeping car 臥車A singing competition 歌詠比賽A waiting room候車室sleeping pills 安眠藥 a walking stick 拐棍兒a room is used for readinga pool is used for swimminga car is used for diningA swimming boy = a boy who is swimming5.動(dòng)名詞作同位語 His habit, listening to the news on the radio， remains unchanged.他收聽收音機(jī)新聞節(jié)

21、目的習(xí)慣仍未改變。1. He has always insisted on his _ Dr Turner instead of Mr. Turner. A. been called B. called C. having called D. being called2. Do you mind _ alone at home? A. Jane leaving B. Jane having left C. Janes being left Jane to be left3. _ the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragemen

22、t. A. The president will attend B. The president to attend C. The president attended D. The presidents attending4. Victor apologized for _ to inform me of the change in the plan. A. his being not able B. him not to be ableC. his not being able D. him to be not able5. The discovery of new evidence le

23、d to _ . ( 2003上海)A. the thief having caught B. catch the thiefC. the thief being caught D. the thief to be caughtPractice_6. - What made Bill so angry? - _. His girl friend promised to come at 8:30, but she hasnt come yet. A. Having kept waiting B. Being kept waiting C. Be kept waiting D. Being kep

24、t waited7. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed _. A. catching B. to be caught C. being caught D. to catch 8. While shopping, people sometimes cant help _ into buying something they dont really need. A. to persuaded B. persuading C. being persuaded D. be persuaded _ 1. I can hardly imagine Pet

25、er _ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. A. sail B. to sail C. sailing D. to have sailed 2. The light in the office is still on. Oh, I forgot_ A. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it off 3. I would appreciate _ back this afternoon. A. you to call B. you call C. you

26、r calling D. youre calling 4. How about the two of us _ a walk down the garden? A. to take B. take C. taking D. to be taking 5. I must apologize for _ ahead of time. That all right. A. letting you not know B. not letting you know C. letting you know not D. letting not you know6. You were brave enoug

27、h to raise objections at the meeting. Well, now I regret _ that. A. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having done 鞏固練習(xí)：_7. Once your business becomes international, _ constantly will be part of your life. A. you fly B. your flight C. flight D. flying 8. What do you think made Mary so upset? _ her new bicycle. A. As she lost B. Lost C. Losing D. Because of losing9. Would you please tell me something about the jou