Lecture托福分類詞匯完整版講課教案

1、Good is good, but better carries it.精益求精，善益求善。Lecture托福分類詞匯完整版-Lecture分類詞匯完整版1.生物學antibody抗體toxin毒素immunity免疫immunology免疫學vaccine疫苗fungus真菌bacteria細菌fermentation發(fā)酵inflection傳染/感染microorganism/microbe微生物virus病毒disfection消毒sterilization滅菌biology生物學marinebiology海洋生物學entomology昆蟲學ornithology鳥類學microbiol

2、ogy微生物學genetics遺傳學speciology物種學parasitology寄生蟲學paleontology古生物學paleontologist古生物學家dinosaur恐龍dieout/extinction滅絕mammal哺乳動物carnivore食肉動物rodent嚙齒類動物underwater水下的marine海洋的scuba水下呼吸器diving潛水/跳水one-celledorganism單細胞有機體tissue（動植物細胞的）組織protectivecamouflage保護色predator捕獵者oceanicsnail蝸牛animaladaptation動物適應(yīng)性sur

3、vivalofthefittest適者生存originofspecies物種起源wildenvironment野生環(huán)境insecticide殺蟲劑prenatalcare產(chǎn)后護理habitat棲息地tentacle觸須prey捕食navigate導航tinyreceptor接收器nerve/specimen物種amphibian兩棲類動物declineinthenumber數(shù)量減少gene基因genetic基因的，遺傳的endangeredspecies瀕危動物survival活著的transition轉(zhuǎn)變/過渡microbe微生物yeast酵母（菌）bacteria細菌single-cell

4、單細胞reptile爬行類動物hatch孵化incubation孵化nest巢offspring子孫chewup咀嚼unfertilizedeggs未受精卵nutrient營養(yǎng)品nourishment營養(yǎng)品/食物feed喂養(yǎng)cannibalism同類相食respiration呼吸ingestion攝食digestion消化digestiveenzyme消化酶cell細胞nucleus細胞核cytoplasm細胞質(zhì)plasmalemma/cellmembrane細胞膜cellwall細胞壁protein蛋白質(zhì)aminoacid核酸plankton浮游生物heredity遺傳mutationofs

5、pecies物種變異chromosome染色體geneticengineering遺傳工程solitary獨居social群居bio-diversity生物多樣性metamorphosis變態(tài)/變形mutation變種variation變異2.動物學zoology動物學Darwinism達爾文學說naturalselection自然選擇phylum門class綱order目suborder亞目family科genus屬species種invertebrate無脊椎動物vertebrate脊椎動物aquaticlife水生動物reptile爬行動物amphibian/amphibiousanim

6、al兩棲動物protozoa原生動物rodent嚙齒動物ruminant反芻動物parasiticanimal寄生動物primate靈長動物plankton浮游生物mollusk軟體動物coelenterate腔腸動物（如水母、海蜇、珊瑚等）herbivore食草動物mammal哺乳動物homotherm恒溫動物cold-bloodedanimal冷血動物poikilotherm變溫動物scavenger食腐動物carnivorous食肉的herbivorous食草的omnivorous雜食的bird鳥類camouflage偽裝hibernate冬眠；蟄伏regeneration再生preda

7、tory/carnivore食肉的predator捕食者prey捕食hordes/swarms（昆蟲等）群flock（牛、羊等）群community動物的群落或人的部落population種群herd獸群hygiene衛(wèi)生sanitation公共衛(wèi)生；衛(wèi)生設(shè)施monogamous一夫一妻的/一雌一雄的polygamous一夫多妻的/一雄多雌的polyandrous一妻多夫的/一雌多雄的nomadic游牧的；流浪的trapper誘捕動物者niche小生態(tài)環(huán)境vestige退化器fertilizer使受精metabolism新陳代謝breed（名詞）品種；（動詞）繁殖multiply/reprod

8、uce繁殖spawn（魚、蝦、蛙等）孵anatomy解剖學appetite食欲creature生物scales鱗feathers羽毛armor甲spinalcord脊椎digestivesystem消化系統(tǒng)excretorysystem排泄系統(tǒng)reproductivesystem生殖系統(tǒng)circulatorysystem循環(huán)系統(tǒng)respiratorysystem呼吸系統(tǒng)hormonalsystem內(nèi)分泌系統(tǒng)digestiveduct消化管esophagus食管stomach胃smallintestine小腸largeintestine大腸anus肛門digestivegland消化腺saliv

9、arygland唾液腺liver肝gallbladder膽pancreas胰squirrel松鼠marten貂bat蝙蝠squeak（老鼠等）吱吱otter水獺antelope羚羊gorilla大猩猩chimpanzee黑猩猩baboon狒狒hyena鬣狗moose駝鹿beaver海貍elk麋鹿reindeer馴鹿giraffe長頸鹿rhinoceros犀牛hippo河馬sloth樹懶slothful懶惰的frog青蛙tadpole蝌蚪salamander蠑螈scorpion蝎子turtle龜lizard蜥蜴chameleon變色龍caymen/crocodile鱷魚centipede蜈蚣ro

10、bin知更鳥owl貓頭鷹barnacle北極鵝penguin企鵝canary金絲雀chirp（鳥、蟲的叫聲）vulture禿鷲crane鶴stork鸛ptarmigan雷鳥migrate遷移plumage羽體camouflage偽裝wing翅膀bill（鳥）嘴beak（鷹等的）嘴insect昆蟲wasp黃蜂hornet大黃蜂spider蜘蛛pest害蟲worm蟲/蠕蟲cicada蟬mantis螳螂cockroach蟑螂earthworm蚯蚓antenna/tentacle觸須larva幼蟲3.海洋生物學jellyfish水母nettlefish海蜇coral珊瑚dolphin海豚whale鯨魚

11、shrimp小蝦prawn對蝦lobster龍蝦crab螃蟹mussel貽貝；蚌類clam蛤蜊oyster牡蠣sponge海綿starfish海星squid魷魚；烏賊burro/octopus章魚sole鰨；鰨目魚plaice鰈，紅斑比目魚4.植物學botany植物學botanical/botanic植物學的horticulture園藝學aquaticplant水生植物parasiteplant寄生植物root根canopy樹冠層/頂棚foliage/leaf葉leaflet小葉rosette（葉的）叢生stem莖stalk桿leafstalk葉柄shoot/sprout嫩芽/抽枝flower

12、花bud花蕾petal花瓣peel/skin果皮shell（硬）果殼husk（干）果殼/（玉米）苞葉trunk樹干bark樹皮branch樹枝bough大或者粗的樹枝twig小樹枝jungle叢林lawn草坪meadow草地/牧場prairie大草原mosses苔蘚shrub/bush灌木cluster一簇（灌木）fern蕨類植物horsetails木賊類植物clubmosses石松類植物herb草photosynthesis光合作用chlorophyll葉綠素symbiosis共生symbiotic共生的wither/shrivel/fade凋謝blossom花pollen花粉pollina

13、te傳授花粉petal花瓣nectar花蜜tissue組織organ器官system系統(tǒng)seeds種子everlasting永久的crossbreed雜交rootpressure根壓bore腔/腸cohesion-tension凝聚壓力column花柱necrosis壞死barren貧瘠的；不生育的futile無用的carbohydrate(starch)碳水化合物（淀粉）glucose葡萄糖starch淀粉fat脂肪protein蛋白質(zhì)vitamin維他命malnourished營養(yǎng)不良的nutrition營養(yǎng)perennial多年一生的annual一年一生的verdant綠油油的，嫩綠的，

14、翠綠的evergreen常青樹conifertree針葉樹larch落葉松pine松樹spruce云杉juniper刺柏；杜松sequoia紅杉elm榆樹walnut核桃樹redwood紅木樹plumblossom梅花orchid蘭花chrysanthemum菊花waterlily荷花/蓮花rhododendron杜鵑花rose玫瑰carnation康乃馨l(fā)ily百合jasmine茉莉花helianthus/heliotrope/sunflower向日葵camellia茶花corn/maize/mealie玉米pumpkin南瓜tomato番茄lettuce萵苣cabbage卷心菜wheat小

15、麥rye黑麥barley大麥oats燕麥5.氣象學meteorology氣象meteorologist氣象學家meteorologicalstation氣象站forecast/predict預(yù)報climate氣候atmosphere大氣層troposphere對流層stratosphere平流層mesosphere中間層ionosphere電離層exosphere逸散層coldfront冷鋒warmairmass熱氣團current（氣）流moisture潮濕，水氣spell某種天氣持續(xù)一段時間vapor蒸汽evaporate蒸發(fā)damp/moist/humid潮濕humidity濕度mois

16、ture潮濕/水分saturate飽和dew第2/6頁露frost霜fog/mist霧smog煙霧droplet小水condense濃縮crystal水晶體sheet（水、冰、雪的）一層downpour/torrentialrain大雨tempest(storm)/torrentialrain暴風雨drizzle細雨shower陣雨hail冰雹blizzard/snowstorm暴風雪avalanche/snowslide雪崩precipitation（雨、露、雪等）降水thunder雷breeze微風sandstorm沙暴monsoon季風gale大風whirlwind旋風typhoon臺風

17、hurricane颶風tornado/twister/cyclone龍卷風windscale風級tsunami/seismicseawave海嘯tidalwave潮汐；浪潮upperatmosphere上層大氣funnel漏斗云disaster/calamity/catastrophe災(zāi)難devastation破壞submerge淹沒drought旱災(zāi)convection對流windvelocity風速winddirection風向long-rangeforecast長期預(yù)報numericalweatherprediction數(shù)值天氣預(yù)報nephanalysis云層分析；衛(wèi)星云圖6.地質(zhì)學cr

18、ust地殼mantle地幔core地核continentalcrust大陸地殼oceaniccrust海洋地殼layer/stratum地層stratigraphy地層學fault斷層faultplane斷層面faultzone斷層帶rift/crack/split斷裂disintegration/decomposition分解erosion腐蝕fossil化石igneousrock火成巖sedimentaryrock沉積巖metamorphicrock變質(zhì)巖limestone石灰?guī)rgranite花崗巖marble大理石lithosphere巖石圈magma/moltenlava巖漿quart

19、z石英mineral礦物ore礦石deposit礦床rubble碎石debris殘骸platinum白金/鉑金silver銀copper黃銅aluminum鋁tin錫lead鉛zinc鋅nickel鎳mercury汞/水銀sodium鈉gem寶石diamond鉆石emerald綠寶石ruby紅寶石glacier冰川glacial冰川的glacialepoch/age/period冰川期glacialdrift冰漬moraines冰磧iceberg冰山volcano火山activevolcano活火山extinctvolcano死火山dormantvolcano休眠火山(sloping)shie

20、ldvolcano盾狀火山（平緩）(steep-sided)conevolcano錐狀火山（陡峭）eruption火山噴發(fā)crater火山口caldera（開口較大的）火山口depression洼地，凹陷處；盆地lava火山巖漿volcanicdust火山塵volcanicash火山灰geyser間歇噴泉hotspring溫泉earthquake/quake/tremor/seism地震seismic地震的seismology地震學magnitude震級seismicintensityscale震烈度seismicwave地震波transversewave橫波longitudinalwave縱

21、波epicenter震中epicentraldistance震中距aftershock余震cataclysm災(zāi)變tsunami/tidal/force海嘯undersealandslide海底山崩m(xù)eltglobalwarming全球逐漸變暖aquifer蓄水層swamp沼澤peatbog泥炭沼澤GreatCanyon大峽谷NileRiver尼羅河Coloradoriver科羅拉多河crumpleszones地質(zhì)緩沖地帶bedrock巖床bulge凸起物7.考古學archaeology考古學paleontology古生物學anthropolog人類學archaeologist人類學家pale-

22、anthropologist古人類學家ecologicalanthropologist生態(tài)人類學家psychologicalanthropologist心理人類學家originate起源于ancestor祖先hominid人（科）homogeneous同以種族（種類）的tribe部落clan氏族excavation挖掘excavate/unearth挖掘ruins遺跡/廢墟remains遺產(chǎn)/遺骸artifact手工藝品relic遺物/文物antique古物/古董antiquity古代/古老StoneAge石器時代BronzeAge青銅器時代IronAge鐵器時代Paleolithic舊石器時

23、代的Mesolithic中石器時代的Neolithic新石器時代的morphology形態(tài)學skull顱骨cranial顱骨的fossil化石ancientcivilization古代文明caveman山頂洞人culturalrelics文物rockpainting巖畫第3/6頁8.地理學hemisphere半球meridian子午線/經(jīng)線parallel平行圈latitude緯線longitude經(jīng)線/經(jīng)度elevation海拔altitude高度/海拔horizon地平線equator赤道temperaturelatitudes溫帶地區(qū)tropics熱帶地區(qū)Arctic/theNorthP

24、ole北極Antarctic/Antarctica南極theAntarcticContinent南極洲theAntarcticCircle南極圈theArcticCircle北極圈aurora極光tropicsofCancer北回歸線tropicsofCapricorn南回歸線internationaldateline國際日期變更線timedifference時差timezone時區(qū)topography地形/地形學plain平原plateau/highland高地lowland低地basin盆地oasis綠洲enclave飛地peak山峰cordillera/ranges山脈carven/ca

25、ve洞穴terrain地域subterranean地底下coastland沿海地區(qū)coastline海岸線watershed分水嶺upperreaches上游lowerreaches下游tributary支流deposit沉積spring/fountain泉水iceberg冰山riverbed河床gulf/bay海灣waterfall瀑布cascade小瀑布；噴流reef暗礁tide湖水torrent水的急流tropicalrainforest熱帶雨林continentalisland大陸島volcanicisland火山島coralisland珊瑚島islet小島peninsular半島ar

26、chipelago群島delta三角洲landlockedarea內(nèi)陸inlandwaterway內(nèi)陸河subcontinent次大陸cliff山崖valley山谷hillside/mountainslope山坡continentalshelf大陸架canyon/gorge峽谷channel/strait海峽remote-sensing遙感的terrestrial地球的/陸地的terrestrialheat/geothermal地熱t(yī)errestrialmagnetism地磁continentaldrift大陸漂移學sea-floorspreading海床擴展evaporation蒸發(fā)sali

27、nity含鹽度oceanbottom海床sediment沉積物tropical熱帶的temperate溫帶的frigid寒帶的frostheaving凍脹現(xiàn)象tundra苔原，凍原fieldstone卵石theMediterraneanSea地中海theprimevalforest原始森林Scandinavia斯堪的納維亞(半島)(瑞典、挪威、丹麥、冰島的泛稱)fjord峽灣coralreef珊瑚礁Chalk白堊紀cataclysm大洪水ridge山脊；分水嶺abyss深淵territory版圖；領(lǐng)土地域Pyrenees比利牛斯山脈Carpathians喀爾巴阡山脈Vesuvius維蘇威火山P

28、ompeii龐貝precipice懸崖eon世；紀；代glacier冰河Pangaea盤古大陸dune沙丘Lagoon咸水湖9.天文學astronomy天文學astronomicalobservatory天文臺planetarium天文館astrophysics天文物理學astrology占星學pseudoscience偽科學cosmos/universe宇宙cosmology宇宙infinite無限的cosmic宇宙的cosmicradiation宇宙輻射cosmicrays宇宙射線celestial天體的celestialbody/heavenlybody天體celestialmap/sk

29、yatlas天體圖celestialsphere天球dwarf/dwarfstar矮星quasar類星體constellation星座galaxy/MilkyWay銀河系starcluster星團asterism星群solarsystem太陽系solarcorona日冕solareclipse日食solarradiation太陽輻射planet行星planetoid/asteroid小行星revolve旋轉(zhuǎn)twinkle閃爍nakedeye肉眼Mercury水星Venus金星Earth地球Mars火星Jupiter木星Saturn土星Uranus天王星Neptune海王星Pluto冥王星orb

30、it軌道spin旋轉(zhuǎn)satellite衛(wèi)星lunar月球的meteor流星meteorshower流星雨star恒星meteoroid流星體meteorite隕石comet彗星space/outerspace太空，外層空間spacecraft/spaceship宇宙飛船spaceshuttle航天飛機spacetelescope空間望遠鏡astronaut/spaceman宇航員spacesuit宇航服stellar恒星的intergalactic星系間的interstellar恒星間的interplanetary行星間的asteroid小行星nebula星云spacedebris太空垃圾am

31、monia氨photosphere光球；光球?qū)觕hromospheres色球；色球?qū)尤彰釋觭unspot太陽黑子（發(fā)生在光球?qū)樱ゝlare耀斑（發(fā)生在色球?qū)樱﹕olarprominence日珥（發(fā)生在色球?qū)樱ヽonvectionzone對流層vacuum第4/6頁真空infraredray紅外線absolutemagnitude絕對量級emission發(fā)射/散發(fā)high-resolution高清晰度interferometer干擾儀，干涉儀illusiveobject幻影體faint微弱的image影像gravitationalforce吸引力molten融化的leapyear閏年rotati

32、on自傳revolution公轉(zhuǎn)blackhole黑洞ultravioletray紫外線luminosity光度lightyear光年10.環(huán)保相關(guān)ecology生態(tài)學ecosystem生態(tài)系統(tǒng)balanceofnature自然界生態(tài)平衡fauna動物群flora植物群rainforest雨林foodchain食物鏈acidrain酸雨greenhouse溫室效應(yīng)infraredradiation紅外線輻射ozonelayer/ozonosphere臭氧層ultravioletradiation紫外輻射pollutioncontrol污染控制airpollution空氣控制waterpollu

33、tion水污染noxious/toxic有毒的fumes（有毒的）廢氣waste廢物solidwaste固體廢物sewage/wastewater污水sewagepurification污水凈化swagedisposal污水處理decibel（噪音）分貝11.能源相關(guān)fossilfuel礦物燃料processofphotosynthesis光合作用solarenergy太陽能nonrenewable不可再生的energyconservation保護能源resource資源energysource能源資源tidalenergy潮汐能fuel-efficient節(jié)能型的rushhour高峰期zer

34、oemission零輻射wildness野生/天然preservation保護atmosphere大氣carbon碳dioxide二氧化物burningofcoalandoil煤油燃燒globalwarming全球變暖greenhouseeffect溫室效應(yīng)riseinsealevel海平面上升long-termclimaticchange長期的氣候變化environmentalrecyclingcenter再循環(huán)利用中心litter/trashgarbage垃圾pollutant污染物desertification沙漠化deforest濫伐森林drought干旱watershortage水源

35、缺乏offshorespillage近海岸溢出carbondioxiderelease二氧化碳排放industrialsewage工業(yè)污水recycling再循環(huán)purify凈化deteriorate惡化acidrain酸雨sewagedisposal污水處理environmentprotection環(huán)境保護ozonelayer臭氧層wastedisposal廢物處理emission（汽車廢氣的）排放soot煙塵ElNio厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象12.新技術(shù)發(fā)明相關(guān)13.人類學artist藝術(shù)家choreographer舞蹈編排家critic批評家satirist諷刺作家inventor發(fā)明家biogra

36、pher自傳作家sculptor雕塑家feminist女權(quán)主義者humanitarian人道主義者imagist意象派詩人philanthropist慈善家proprietor業(yè)主mortal犯人precursor先驅(qū)figurehead名譽領(lǐng)袖disciple學徒apprentice學徒mechanic機械工minimalist簡單抽象派藝術(shù)家avant-garde前衛(wèi)派territory領(lǐng)域genre風格/體裁eccentric古怪的odd怪誕的/奇數(shù)的erratic奇怪的weird怪異的/不可思議的romantic浪漫的innocent天真的/無罪的lovelorn相思病苦的emotio

37、nal情緒的/情感的sentimental感傷的/多愁善感的cheerless無精打采的/無生命力的patriarchal家長的/族長的rigid僵化的spare簡樸的clumsy笨拙的zigzag曲折的contemporary當代的acclaimed受歡迎的preeminent杰出的versatile（人）多才多藝的/（物）多功能的household家庭的/家喻戶曉的genuine真正的authentic逼真的/原汁原味的symbolic象征性的immortal不朽的/神nostalgia懷舊主義/思鄉(xiāng)emotive感人的prodigious巨大的classic經(jīng)典的posthumous死后

38、的第5/6頁14.發(fā)展史文學pose散文diary日記autobiography傳記editorial社論narrativeprose敘述性descriptiveprose描寫性essay隨筆poetry詩歌ballad民謠lullaby催眠曲fiction小說allegory寓言fairytale童話legend傳說proverb諺語model人物原型leadingcharacter主人公mainplot主要情節(jié)prelude序曲prologue序言epilogue尾聲literarycriticism文學批評literarystudies文學研究schoolsofliterature文學流

39、派comparativeliterature比較文學realism現(xiàn)實主義surrealism超現(xiàn)實主義futurism未來主義modernism現(xiàn)代主義aestheticism唯美主義音樂musicalinstrument樂器orchestra（管弦）樂隊shookrattle搖撥浪鼓pounddru擊鼓footbeat跺腳note音符score樂譜movement樂章fanatical狂熱的hillbillymusic鄉(xiāng)村音樂folkmusic民間音樂popmusic流行音樂classicalmusic古典音樂Jazz爵士樂symphony交響樂rockandroll搖滾樂bandmusic/windmusic管樂string弦樂violin小提琴viola中提琴cello大提琴harp豎琴horn號；喇叭clarinet單簧管oboe雙簧管keyboardinstrument鍵盤樂器percussion震蕩/打擊樂器vocal