結(jié)構(gòu)建筑專業(yè)術(shù)語

1、1. 編制目的為向本公司建筑、結(jié)構(gòu)專業(yè)在編制設(shè)計文件時提供方便，特編制本文件。2. 適應(yīng)范圍本英文詞匯可在本公司編制的建筑、結(jié)構(gòu)專業(yè)設(shè)計文件中使用。3. 注意事項本英文詞匯僅限于建筑、結(jié)構(gòu)專業(yè)用詞，其他相關(guān)專業(yè)用詞及普通用詞未包括在內(nèi)。4. 建筑、結(jié)構(gòu)專業(yè)常用英文詞匯4.1 總體設(shè)計General design設(shè)計依據(jù)Design basis建筑紅線Building line建筑系數(shù)Coefficient of building occupation界區(qū)Battery limited有效面積Effective area使用面積Usable area結(jié)構(gòu)面積Structural area建筑面積

2、Building area建筑面積密度Density of building area豎向布置Vertical planning高程Altitude等高線Contour line相對標(biāo)高Relative elevation絕對標(biāo)高Absolute altitude地震基本烈度Basic earthquake intensity抗震設(shè)防烈度Fortification intensity風(fēng)玫瑰Wind rose建筑朝向Building orientation建筑間距Building distance公頃Hectare指北針North arrow測北Geophical north建北Plant no

3、rth氣象Meteorology日照Sunshine天然采光Natural lighting人工照明Artificant light; artifical illumination照度Degree of illumination通風(fēng)Ventilation正壓通風(fēng)Positive ventilating噪聲Noise隔聲Sound insulation吸聲Sound absorption保溫隔熱Heat insulation露點Dewpoint冷橋Cold-bridge遮陽Sunshade恒溫恒濕Constant temperature & constant humidity消聲Noise el

4、imination; noise redxuction防振antivibration4.2 建筑一般詞匯Conventional terms of architeture方案Scheme; draft草圖Sketch透視圖Perspective drawing建筑構(gòu)圖Architectural composition坐標(biāo)Coordinvate縱坐標(biāo)Ordinate橫坐標(biāo)Abscissa跨度Span開關(guān)Bay進深Depth層高Floor height凈高Clear height; headroom橫數(shù)Module; modulus裙房Skirt building樓梯Staxlir梯段Stair

5、slab樓梯平臺Stair landing安全出口Safety exit疏散樓梯Escape staircase樓梯間Stair well封閉樓梯間Enclosure staircase防煙樓梯間Smoke prevention stair well消防電梯間Emergency elevators well自動扶梯Escalator中庭Atrium疏散走道Escape corridor; escapeway耐火等級Fire-resistive grade生產(chǎn)類別Classification of production耐火極限D(zhuǎn)uration of fire-resistance防火間距File

6、-break distance泄壓面積Area of pressure release悶頂Mezanine; mezzanine磚標(biāo)號Grade of brick; strenth of brick承重墻Bearing wall非承重墻Non-bearing wall擋土墻Retaining wall填充墻Filler wall圍護墻Curtain wall; cladding wall; enclosure wall女兒墻Parapet wall隔墻Partition（浴室、廁所）隔斷Stall窗間墻Pier墻垛Pillar過梁Lintel圈梁Gird; girt; girth防潮層Damp

7、-proof course勒腳Plinth橫梁Transverse wall縱橫Longitudinal wall山墻Gable; gable wall防火墻Fire wall壓頂Coping勾縫Pointing磚砌平拱Brick flat arch預(yù)埋件Embeded inserts直抓梯Ladder欄桿Railing防腐蝕Corrosion resistant; Anticorrosion化學(xué)溶蝕Chemical erosion膨脹腐蝕Expansion corrosion化學(xué)腐蝕Chemical corrosion電化學(xué)腐蝕Electro-chemical corrosion晶間腐蝕In

8、tergranular corrosion氣相腐蝕Gaseous corrosion液相腐蝕Liguidoid corrosion固相腐蝕Solid corrosion腐蝕裕度Allowance for corrosion銹蝕Nusting4.3 建筑材料Building materials級配砂石Graded sand & gravel素土夯實Rammed earth灰土Lime-soil素混凝土Plain concrete鋼筋混凝土Reinforced concrete(R.C)細石混凝土Fine aggregate concrete輕質(zhì)混凝土Lightweight concrete加氣混

9、凝土Aerocrete; Aerocrete concrete陶?；炷罜eramsite concrete水泥膨脹珍珠巖Cement & expended pearlite巖棉Mineral wool; mine wool瀝青Saphalt卷材Felt瑪蹄脂Asphalt mastic粘土磚Clay brick釉面磚Porcelain enamel brick空心磚Hollow brick砌塊Block缸磚guarry brick錦磚mosac地面磚paving brick防滑地磚non-slip brick耐酸磚（板）acidbrick (acidtile)膠泥mastic粘土瓦Cloy

10、tile玻璃瓦enamelled tile波形鍍鋅鋼板galvanijed corrugate steel sheet玻璃鋼瓦glass-fiber reinforced plastic tile彩色壓型鋼（鉛）板coloured corrugate steel (aluminium) plat;profiuing coloured stccl (aluminium) plat石棉水泥瓦ashestos-cement sheet水磨石terrajjo水刷石granite plaster花崗石granite磨光花崗石polished granite剁斧石artificial stone大理石ma

11、rble水泥砂漿抹面cement plaster石灰砂漿抹面line plaster水泥石灰砂漿抹面cement-lime plaster 刀灰打底hemp-cut and line as base原木Log方木sguare timber板材plank膠合板plywood三夾板3plywood五夾板5plywood平板玻璃plate glass浮法玻璃float-process glass磨砂玻璃ground glass; frosted glass起 玻璃pnism glass夾絲玻璃Wire glass夾層玻璃sandwich glass中空玻璃hollow glass鋼化玻璃reinfo

12、rced glass鍍膜玻璃coating glass有機玻璃organic glass4.4 建筑構(gòu)造及配件Building construction & component鋪砌psving地坪gradc基層bedding素土夯實rammed earth墊層base結(jié)合層bonding course面層Covering隔離層Mnsulation course活動地板raising floor; movable floor; access floor篦子板grating地面提示塊ground prompt遮陽板sunshade窗套Window moulding護角curb guard防水層wa

13、ter-proof course找平層Leveling course隔熱層heat insulation course保溫層rhermal insulation course柃條purlin天窗skylight天棚ceiling吊頂suspending ceiling吊頂花骨ceiling joist雨水口drain gulley水斗Lead head雨水管Leader; downspout天溝Valley挑檐overhanging eawe檐口eave泛水flashing分水線water-sted檐溝eave gutter匯水面積catchment area雨罩canopy散水a(chǎn)pron坡道

14、ramp臺階entrance steps保溫門thermal insulation door隔聲門（窗）sound insulation door (window);acousticol door (window)防火門（窗）fire door (window)冷藏門freejer door安全門exit door防護門（窗）protection door (window)屏蔽門（窗）Shield door (window)防風(fēng)砂門radiation resisting dooe (window)密閉門（窗）weather tight door泄壓門（窗）pressure release do

15、or (window)壁柜門closet door變壓器間門transformer room door圍墻門gate車庫門garage door保險門safe door引風(fēng)門ventilation door檢修門access door平開門（窗）side-hunge door推拉門（窗）sliding door彈簧門swing door折迭門folding door卷簾門ralling door轉(zhuǎn)門revolving door夾板門palywood door拼板門FLB door (framed, Ledged and battened door);matchboard door實拼門soli

16、d door鑲板門panel door鑲玻璃門glajed door玻璃門glass door鋼木門steel & wooden door百頁門shutter door連窗門door with side window傳遞窗delivery window觀察窗observation window換氣窗vent sast上懸窗top-hung window中懸窗center-pivoted window下懸窗bottom-hung window立轉(zhuǎn)窗vertically pivoted window固定窗fixed window單層窗single window雙層窗double window百頁窗

17、shutter帶形窗continuous window子母扇窗attached sash window組合窗composite window落地窗french window玻璃幕墻glajed curtain wall門（窗）框door (window) fram拼樘料transon （橫），mullin （豎）門（窗）扇door (window) leaf(平開窗扇 casement sash)紗扇sereen sash亮子transom, fanlight門心板pancl披水板weather board貼臉板trim筒子板Lining窗臺板sill plate防護鐵柵barricade;

18、iron grille; grating合頁butts; hinges; butthinges執(zhí)手knob撐檔catch滑道sliding track插銷bolt拉手pull推板push plate門鎖mortice lork; door lock執(zhí)手鎖mortice lock with knob4.5 建筑結(jié)構(gòu)Building structure4.5.1 荷載Load活荷載Live load靜荷載，恒載Dead load靜力荷載Static load移動荷載Mouing load動力荷載Dynamic load沖擊荷載impact load附加荷載Superimposed規(guī)定荷載（又稱標(biāo)準

19、荷載）Specified Load集中荷載Concentrated Load分布荷載Distributed Load設(shè)計荷載Design Load軸向荷載Axial Load偏心荷載Eccentric Load風(fēng)荷載Wind Load風(fēng)力、風(fēng)壓Wind force、Wind Pressure雪荷載Snow Load屋面積灰荷載Roof ash Load（吊車）最大輪壓Maximun Wheel Load吊車荷載Crane Load安裝荷載Erection Load施工荷載Construc tion Load不對稱荷載Unsymmetrical Loading重復(fù)荷載Repeated Load剛

20、性荷載Rigid Load柔性荷載Flecxible Load臨界荷載Critical Load容許荷載Admissible Load, Allowable Load safe Load極限荷載Ultimatr Load條形荷載Strip Load破壞荷載Failure Load, Load ot failure地震荷載Seismic Load; Earthquake load荷載組合Conbination of load4.5.2 地基和基礎(chǔ)Soil and foundation地基(Bed)soil天然地基Natulal ground人工地基Artigicial ground混凝土基礎(chǔ)Co

21、ncrete foundation; Concrete footing毛石基礎(chǔ)Rubble masonry footing; (Rubble)stone footing磚基礎(chǔ)Brickwolk footing樁基礎(chǔ)Pile foundation設(shè)備基礎(chǔ)Egiuipment foundation機器基礎(chǔ)Machine foundation獨立基礎(chǔ)Indioidual footing, Isolatrd foundationPad foundation聯(lián)合基礎(chǔ)Combined footing大塊式基礎(chǔ)Massiue foundation條形基礎(chǔ)Strip foundation; Strip foo

22、tingStrap footing; CBntinuousfooting方形基礎(chǔ)Sguale footing杯形基礎(chǔ)Footing socket板式基礎(chǔ)Slab-foundation; Mat footing階梯形基礎(chǔ)Stepped foundation; Benched foundation(Stepped footing)擴展基礎(chǔ)spread footing擴底基礎(chǔ)Under-reamed foundation浮伐基地Raft foundation; Buoyant foandationFloating foundation沉箱（井）基礎(chǔ)Caisson foundation構(gòu)架式基礎(chǔ)Fra

23、me foundalion深基礎(chǔ)Decp foundation基礎(chǔ)Footing Foundation基槽Foundation ditch; Foundation trench基坑Foundation pit基礎(chǔ)板Foundation slab基礎(chǔ)梁Foundation beam Footing beam基礎(chǔ)底面Foundalion baic基礎(chǔ)底板Foundation mat基礎(chǔ)墊層Foundation-bed基礎(chǔ)埋置深度Depth of embedment foundation地下連續(xù)墻Undelground continuous wall打樁Pile driving打樁機Pile eng

24、ine; Pile driver; Ram mactuine鋼樁Steel pile水樁Wood pile; Timber pilc鋼筋混凝土樁Reinforced concerete pile砂樁Sand pile石灰樁Linle pile; Lime column; Quickime pile單樁Single pile群樁Pile gronp; Pile cluster斜樁Batter pile預(yù)制樁precalt pile灌注樁In-situ pile; Cast-in-plale pileCast-in-situ pile; Fiuing pile板樁shect pile拆密樁Comp

25、action pile擠密砂樁Sand compaction pile灰土擠密樁Line-soil compaction pile鉆孔樁Bored pile打入樁Driuen pile摩擦樁Friction pile; Buoyant pile端承樁End bearing pile; Point pearing pile;Column pile (柱樁）支承樁Bearing pile抗拔樁Tension pile; Uplift pile; 抗滑樁Anti-slicle pile樁承臺Pile cap樁帽Pile cap; ile couel樁頭Pile cyown; pile heat樁端P

26、ile tip樁身Pile shaft樁距Pile spacing樁鋼筋籠Pile cape試樁Test pile樁荷載試驗Pile coad teet樁的動荷載試驗Dynamic load telt of pile樁的側(cè)向荷載試驗Lateral pile load telt樁的極限荷載Ultimatl ple load樁承載能力Pile capacity; Bearing capacity of a pileCarrying capacity of a pile土壓力Earth pressure主動土壓力Actiue earth pressure被動土壓力Passiue earth pres

27、sune靜止土壓力Earth pressule ot reat容許地耐力Allouable bearing strength冰凍深度Frozen depth; Frost depth; Frost penetration depth of frost penetralion防凍深度Frost-prdof depth粘土類土Clayey soil輕亞粘土Sandy loam亞粘土Sandy clay; Loam砂質(zhì)土Sandy soil砂礫石Sandy grauel stratum膨脹土Expansiue soil硬質(zhì)土，硬盤巖，硬土層Hard pan液限Liguid limit塑限Plasti

28、c limit塑料指數(shù)Index of plasticity松軟土Mellow soil; spongy soil回填土Balk fill Refilling雜填土Mislellaneous fill地表水Surfale water;地下水Groundwatcr地下水位Groundwater eltualion;Groundwater level; Groundwater table容重Unit weight干容重Dry unit weight濕容重Wet unit welght飽和容重Saturated unit weight不均勻沉降Unegual settelment;Different

29、ial settlement地基處理Ground treatment地基加固Ground stabilization; soil improuement土質(zhì)查勘Soil exploration地質(zhì)勘察Geological exploration沉陷Settlement傾斜obliguity; Inclination滑移Sliding夯實土Compacted soil夯實填土Compacted fill夯實回填土Tamped backfill夯實分層厚度Compacted lift持力層Bearing stratum; Supporting; Course管道與基礎(chǔ)相碰Pipelinge int

30、erferes with foundation4.5.3 一般結(jié)構(gòu)用語Terms for general structures建筑結(jié)構(gòu)Builcling structure建筑物Building結(jié)構(gòu)形式Strudural type混凝土（砼）結(jié)構(gòu)Concrete structure砌體結(jié)構(gòu)Masonry structure磚砌結(jié)構(gòu)Brick constructure石砌結(jié)構(gòu)Stone structure磚砼結(jié)構(gòu)Brickand concrete structure鋼結(jié)構(gòu)Strrl structure結(jié)構(gòu)型鋼Shape steel木結(jié)構(gòu)Timber structure組合結(jié)構(gòu)Composite

31、structure框架結(jié)構(gòu)Frame struc ture梁板結(jié)構(gòu)Beam and slab structure構(gòu)件Member承重構(gòu)件Load-braring member結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)件Struvture member肋形屋蓋Ribbed roof肋形樓板Ribbed floor slab無梁樓板Flat plate; Flaf slab桁架；屋架Truss; Roof truss三角形屋（桁）架Triangular truss梯形屋（桁）架Trapezoidal truss拱形屋架Arch roof truss折線形屋架Segmental roof truss弓形桁架Bowstring trus

32、s框架Frame排架Bent frame剛架Rigid frame門架Portal frame抗風(fēng)構(gòu)架Wind frame抗震構(gòu)架Aseismic frame梁Beam; Girder大梁Girdec主梁Principal beam; Primary beam次梁Secondary beam加腋梁Haunched beam筒支梁Simply beam固端梁Fixed beam懸臂梁Cantileuel beam連續(xù)梁Continuous beam托梁Spandrel圈梁girth過梁Lintel曲梁Curued beam bow beam基礎(chǔ)梁Foundation beam吊車梁Crane g

33、irderT形梁T-beam柱Column組合柱Combination column立柱Post吊車柱Crane column抗風(fēng)柱End panel column墻wall板slab plate承重墻Bearing walls柱網(wǎng)Column grid支撐系統(tǒng)Brale system柱間支撐Portal bracing betwlen columns屋石支撐Roof bracing垂直支撐Uertical bracing水平支撐Horizontal bracing剪刀撐Cross bracing臨時頂撐,支撐Shoring桁架式支撐Trussed braling斜撐Knel-brale上弦T

34、ot chord下弦Bottom chord節(jié)間Panel節(jié)點Panel point壓桿Compression member; strut拉桿Tension member; Tie-beam腹桿Web member斜桿Diagonal member斜腹桿Diagonal web member吊桿Hangel rod; sag rod系桿，拉桿Tie bar; sag rod天窗架Skylight frame天窗Monitor; Skylight托座、牛腿Bracket檀條Purlin連接Connection接點Joint鉸接點Hinged point固接點Fixed Joint安裝接點Erec

35、tion joint拼接接點Splile joint節(jié)點板、連接板Gusset plate; Connecting plate加勁板Stiffener plate支撐板Bearing plate填隙板Filler plate梁柱接頭Beam-column connections截面Cross seltion拱Arch殼Shell伸縮縫Expansion joint沉降縫Settlement joint施工縫Construction joint防震縫Aseismic joint4.5.4 結(jié)構(gòu)理論用語Terms for theory of slructuresa) 設(shè)計方法術(shù)語Terms for

36、 design method結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計Structure design按極限強度設(shè)計Ultimate strength desthn按許可應(yīng)力設(shè)計Working stress design按承載能力設(shè)計Loading capacity design按穩(wěn)定性設(shè)計Design accqrding to stabilitg按變形設(shè)計Design according to deformation結(jié)構(gòu)分析Structurat analysis結(jié)構(gòu)計算Stractural calcuiation靜定結(jié)構(gòu)Statically determinate struvtures超靜定結(jié)構(gòu)Statixally inde

37、terminste strultures精確計算Rigorous calculation近似計算Approximate calculation安全等級Safety classes極限狀態(tài)Limite states摩擦系數(shù)Coeficient of friction質(zhì)量密度Mass density重力密度Weight (Force) densityb) 結(jié)構(gòu)的作用效應(yīng)術(shù)語軸向力Normal fqrce剪力Shcar forle彎矩Bending moment扭矩Torque水平推力Horizontal thrust水平拉力Horizontal pull水平（垂直）分力Horizontal (ue

38、rtical) componente合力Resultant正應(yīng)力Normal stress剪應(yīng)力Shear stress主應(yīng)力Principal stress次應(yīng)力Secondary stress預(yù)應(yīng)力Prestress位移Displacement撓度Deflextion變形Deformation彎曲Bending; Flexure扭轉(zhuǎn)Torsionc) 材料性能、結(jié)構(gòu)抗力術(shù)語Terms of property of material and resistamle of structure抗力Resistancc抵抗力矩Resistante moment強度Strength剛度Stiffnes

39、s; Rigidity抗裂度Crack resistance抗壓強度Cpmpressiue strength抗拉強度Tensile strength抗剪強度Shear strength抗變強度Flcxural strength抗扭強度Torsional strength抗裂強度Cracking strength屈服強度Yield strength疲勞強度Fatigue strength彈性模量Modulus of elasticith剪切模量Shear modulus變形模量Modulus of deformation穩(wěn)定性Stabilith泊松比Poisson ratiod) 幾何參數(shù)術(shù)語T

40、erma of geometry parameter截面高度Height of section截面有效高度Effective depth of section載面寬度Breadth of section截面厚度Thickness of section截面面積Area of section截面面積矩First moment of area截面慣性矩Second moment of area截面抵抗矩模量規(guī)范中用詞Section modulus回轉(zhuǎn)半徑Radius of gyration偏心距Zclentrility長度Length跨度Span矢高Rvse長細比Slenderness ratio4

41、.5.5 磚石結(jié)構(gòu)Masonry construction磚砌體Brickwork砌筑Laying磚標(biāo)號Grade of brick; Strength of brick毛石砌體Rubble masonry毛石砼砌體Grouted rubble masonry水泥砂漿Cement mortar石灰砂漿Lime mortar水泥石灰砂漿ement-lime mirtar砂漿找平Mortar levelling4.5.6 鋼筋砼結(jié)構(gòu)Reinforled concrete structuve素混凝土Plain comcre te鋼筋混凝土Reinforcld concrete預(yù)應(yīng)力砼Prestressed concrete砼標(biāo)號Gracle of cincrete鋼號Grade of steel整體式結(jié)構(gòu)Monolthic structure裝配式結(jié)構(gòu)Assembled structure預(yù)制構(gòu)件Precast element; Fabricated element現(xiàn)澆Cast-in-site; Placed-in-site澆灌砼Concreting