U4Grammar(修改）

1、Grammar- 句子成分及練習(xí)Unit 4 Problems & Advice 英語十大詞類名詞，動詞，形容詞，副詞，代詞，數(shù)詞連詞，冠詞，介詞，感嘆詞（實詞）（虛詞）1.Our teacher of English is an American.（名詞）2.Is it yours?（代詞）3.The weather has turned cold.（形容詞）4.Three times seven is twenty one.（數(shù)詞）5 I like English.6 We are playing happily.7What a good girl she is!8 Please take

2、 care of yourself.9 Well go shopping if its fine tomorrow.10 Hello, nice to meet you.動詞（V.）副詞adv.冠詞art.介詞prep.連詞conj.感嘆詞int.一、句子成分（一）句子成分的定義：構(gòu)成句子的各個部分叫做句子成分。 主語subjects, 謂語verbs； 賓語objects、定語Attribute 狀語adverbials、補(bǔ)足語complements、表語Predicative句子成分詳解表句子成分意義充當(dāng)詞類例句主語表示句子說的是什么人或什么事名，代，數(shù)，不定式，動詞ing，短語或句子We

3、 study in Huangqiao Middle School.謂語說明主語做什么，是什么或怎么樣動詞或動詞詞組She is dancing under the tree.賓語表示動作行為的對象同主語Both of us like English.表語與連系動詞連用，一起構(gòu)成謂語，說明主語的性質(zhì)或特征同主語Her father is a chemist.His words sound reasonable.定語用來修飾名詞或代詞形，代，數(shù)，名, 副，介詞短語或句子We have eight lessons every day.狀語修飾動詞，形容詞，副詞，表示動作發(fā)生的時間，地點，原因，目的

4、，方式，結(jié)果等副詞，介詞短語或句子He works very hard.They held a party inHollywood.賓語補(bǔ)足語邏輯上與賓語是主謂關(guān)系形容詞，名詞，介詞短語等She always keeps the house clean.主語謂語是基礎(chǔ)，賓表定狀補(bǔ)輔助。賓主來自名代數(shù)，動詞作謂不可無！The boy smiles .它的結(jié)構(gòu)是什么？S + VShe takes care of the pet dogs.它的結(jié)構(gòu)是什么？S + V + O My mother looks young.它的句子結(jié)構(gòu)是什么？S + V + Pwe gave them some advi

5、ce.gave 后面跟了兩個賓語，一個是them(人)，另一個是some advice (物)。人是間接賓語,物是直接賓語.它的句子結(jié)構(gòu)是什么?S + V + IO + D OWe must keep the room tidy.它的句子結(jié)構(gòu)是什么？S + V + O + C（五）賓語 賓語（Object）表示動作的對象或承受者，一般位于及物動詞和介詞后面。如： 1.He is doing his homework.2.The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.3.How many dictionaries do you

6、 have? I have five.（名詞）（代詞、動詞ing）（名詞、數(shù)詞）主+謂 + 間賓（人）+ 直（物）賓= 主 + 謂 + 間賓 +to / for + 直賓帶雙賓語的動詞:give, show ,send ,sell , pass(to) cook , buy , make (for) 1. I give her a present .2. She showed us the picture .3. Mum cooks meals for us .4. The braces brought trouble to me .1. I give a present to her2. S

7、he showed the picture to us3. Mum cooks us meals.4. The braces brought me troubleShe is driving me mad . mad 說明賓語me 的狀態(tài)，作賓語補(bǔ)足語。它的句子結(jié)構(gòu)是什么？S + V + O + C1.During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. 2.We often speak English in class. 3.One-third of the students in this cl

8、ass are girls.4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure.5.Smoking does harm to the health. 6.The rich should help the poor. 7.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. 8.It is necessary to master a foreign language.（名詞）（代詞）（數(shù)詞）（動詞ing）（不定式）（名詞化的形容詞）（主語從句）（it作形式主語，真正的主語為后面的不定式）

9、修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子，說明動作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分，叫做狀語（Adverbial）?？捎梢韵滦问奖硎?：1.Light travels most quickly.2.He has lived in the city for ten years. 3.He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.4.He is in the room making a model plane.5.Wait a minute.6.Once you begin, you must continue.（六）狀語 （

10、副詞及副詞性詞組）（介詞短語）（不定式短語）（分詞短語）（名詞）（狀語從句）9種狀語種類如下： 1.How about meeting again at six?2.Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain.3.I shall go there if it doesnt rain. 4.Mr Smith lives on the third floor. 5.She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（時間狀語）（原因狀語）（條件狀語）（地點狀語）（方式狀

11、語）5.She came in with a dictionary in her hand.6.In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder. 7.He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately. 8.She works very hard though she is old.9.I am taller than he is.（目的狀語）（結(jié)果狀語）（讓步狀語）（比較狀語）（伴隨狀語）練習(xí)一.指出下列句子中的劃線部分是什么句子成分：1. The students got on t

12、he school bus.2. He handed me the newspaper.3. I shall answer your question after class.4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!5. They went hunting together early in the morning.S.AttributeO.V.AdverbialAttributeAdverbial二、選擇最佳答案填空：( ) 2. The weather _. A. wet and cold B. is wet and cold C. not wet and

13、 coldD. were wet and cold( ) 3. The apple tasted _. A. sweets B. sweetly C. nicely D. sweetBD( ) 4. He got up _ yesterday morning.A. lately B. late C. latest D. latter( )5. The actor _at the age of 70.A. dead B. died C. dyed D. dying( )6. _ were all very tired, but none of _ would stop to take a rest.A. We, us B. Us, we C. We, our D. We, weBBA( )7. He found the street