定語從句之關(guān)系代詞用法及專項練習(xí)匯編

1、學(xué)習(xí)-好資料定語從句一（關(guān)系代詞的用法）一.定語從句概念定語從句：修飾一個名詞或代詞的從句稱為定語從句，一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞后面先行詞：被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞。關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞成為關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系:有,等；關(guān)系:有,。關(guān)系詞常有3個作用：引導(dǎo)定語從句。代替先行詞。在定語從句中充當(dāng)一個成分。注意：根據(jù)先行詞與定語從句之間有無逗號隔開，定語從句分為限制性和非限制性定語從句限制性定語從句舉例：限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句形式不用逗號和主句隔開用逗號和主句隔開意義是先仃詞不可缺少的疋語，不能刪除是對先仃詞的補(bǔ)充說明刪除后意思仍完整譯法翻譯成先行詞的定語，“的”通常翻譯成主句

2、的并列句TheteachertoldmethatTomwastheonlypersonthatIcoulddependon.Chinaisacountrywhichhasalonghistory.非限制性定語從句舉例：Hismother,wholoveshimverymuch,isstrictwithhim.China,whichwasfoundedin1949,isbecomingmoreandmorepowerful.要注意區(qū)分以下幾個句子的不同Hisbrotherwhoisnowadoctoralwaysencourageshimtogotocollege.他那當(dāng)醫(yī)生的哥哥常鼓勵他要考上

3、大學(xué)。(他還有其他的哥哥)Hisbrother,whoisnowadoctor,alwaysencourageshimtogotocollege.他的哥哥是當(dāng)醫(yī)生的，常鼓勵他要考上大學(xué)。(他只有一個哥哥)二.引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞who指，在從句中充當(dāng)TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.InthemeetingIsawMr.SmithwhoImetinmybirthdayparty.whom指在定語從句中充當(dāng)，?？墒÷?。Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)y

4、outalkedaboutonthebus.更多精品文檔學(xué)習(xí)好資料Mr.LingisjusttheboywhomIwanttosee.注意：關(guān)系代詞whom在口語和非正式語體中常用who代替，可省略。Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.which指，在定語從句中做或者，做時可省略Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.that指人時，相當(dāng)于者;指物時，相當(dāng)于。在定語從句中做或者，做時可省略。Thenumberofthepeoplethat/who

5、cometovisitthecityeachyearrisesonemillion.Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?whose通常指人，也可指物，在定語從句中做Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.Ioncelivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.whose指物時，常用以下結(jié)構(gòu)來代替Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.=Theclassroom,thedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.=Thec

6、lassroom,ofwhichthedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.【詳細(xì)講解】I.關(guān)系代詞that和which的用法限制性定語從句只能用that的幾種情況：1.當(dāng)先行詞是anything,everything,nothing(something除夕卜),few,all,none,little,some等不定代詞時，或者是由every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等修飾時HaveyoutakendowneverythingthatMr.Lihassaid?Thereseemstobenothingthatseemsimpossi

7、bleforhimintheworld.Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.ThereislittlethatIcandoforyou.當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾(1)ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級修飾時(1)ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveseen.當(dāng)形容詞被thevery,theonly,just修飾時ThisistheverydictionarythatIwanttobuy,Afterthefireinhishouse,theoldcaristheonlything

8、thatheowned.當(dāng)先行詞前面有who,which等疑問代詞時學(xué)習(xí)好資料(1)Whoisthemanthatisstandingthere?(2)WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost?當(dāng)先行詞既有人，也有動物或者物體時(1)Canyourememberthescientistandhistheorythatwehavelearned?當(dāng)先行詞指事/物時,定語從句中關(guān)系代詞必須用which的情況:在非限制性定語從句中，只用which(1)Helenwasmuchkindertoheryoungestsonthantotheothers,whichmadetheot

9、hersenvyhim.(2)Healwaysstaysathomeatweekend,whichhisbrotherthinksisunbelievable.當(dāng)動詞短語中的介詞提前時，只用which(1)ThisisahouseinwhichLuXunoncelived.注意：在一些固定搭配的動詞短語中，由于動詞和介詞不可分割，因此不能把介詞置于關(guān)系代詞之前。(2)Thisisthepenwhich(/that)Imlookingfor.關(guān)系代詞who,whom和whose的用法先行詞指人，在從句中作主語時，用who；(1)Sheisthegirlwho/thatlivesnextdoor.

10、當(dāng)先行詞為those時，用who；(2)Thosewhowilljoininmybirthdaypartyaremybestfriends.在Therebe句型中主語作為先行詞指人時，用who；Thereisagreatmanwhosavedhiscountrywithhispartners.先行詞指人，在從句中作賓語時，可以用whom和who；Thatsthegirlwhom/who/thatIteach.在定語從句中做定語時，用whose。Thisisthescientistwhoseachievementsarewellknown.Thisisthehousewhosewindowbro

11、kelastnight.n.關(guān)系代詞as引導(dǎo)的定語從句關(guān)系代詞as既可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，也可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，as在從句中做主語、賓語或表語。(一)引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句常用于下列句式：such+名詞+as像一樣的，像之類的thesame+名詞+as和同樣的其中關(guān)系代詞as在從句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語或表語。Wehavefoundsuchmaterialsasareusedintheirfactory.Thesehousesaresoldatsuchalowpriceaspeopleexpected.更多精品文檔學(xué)習(xí)好資料Heisnotthesamemanashewastenyearsago.

12、注意：suchas引導(dǎo)的定語從句與suchthat引導(dǎo)的狀語從句的區(qū)別：Heissuchacleverboyaseveryonelikes.Heissuchacleverboythateveryonelikeshim.suchassuch為代詞，意為“這樣的人或物”；as在從句中作成分，修飾先行詞such。(1)ThisbookisnotsuchasIexpect.(二)關(guān)系代詞as和which引導(dǎo)的定語從句的區(qū)別as和which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，有相同之處也有不同之處。具體情況是：as和which都可以在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，代表前面整個句子。Hemarriedher,as/whic

13、hwasnatural.Hewashonest,as/whichwecansee.as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一個主句；as有正如，正像”的意思which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句只能放在主句之后。意為“這一點(diǎn)”。Asisknowntoall,Chinaisadevelopingcountry.Heisfromthesouth,aswecanseefromhisaccent.John,asyouknow,isafamouswriter.HehasbeentoParismorethanseveraltimes,whichIdonbelieve.t注意：當(dāng)主句和

14、從句存在邏輯上的因果關(guān)系時，常用which；Tomwasalwayslateforschool,whichmadehisteacherangry.當(dāng)非限制性定語從句的賓語是一個復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)時，只能用which。Bettyalwaystellsalie,whichherparentsfindstrange.當(dāng)先行詞受such,thesame修飾時，常用asIhaveneverheardsuchastoryashetells.Heisnotsuchafoolashelooks.ThisisthesamebookasIlostlastweek.注意：當(dāng)先行次由thesame修飾時，偶爾也用that引導(dǎo)定

15、語從句，但是和由as所引導(dǎo)的定語從句意思不同SheworethesamedressthatsheworeatMaryswedding.她穿著她在MARY婚禮上穿過的一條裙子。Sheworethesamedressasheryoungsisterwore也穿著和她妹妹所穿的一樣的裙子。學(xué)習(xí)好資料專項練習(xí)1用that,which,who,whom,whose,as填空Isthereanythingyoudontunderstandabouttheproblem?Allthepresentsyourfriendsgaveyouonyourbirthdayshouldbeputaway.Thenumb

16、erofpeoplelosthomesreachedasmanyas250,000.Hewaslatefortheopeningceremony,wasverysurprisingtome.Thosecutdownthetreesshouldbepunished.Thisissointerestingabookwealllike.HegavemesomenovelswithIamnotveryfamiliar.Therearemanychildrenareplayingtoysontheplayground.Heisnolongertheoneheusedtobe.Theriverbanksa

17、recoveredwithtreesflowstothesea.Jackhaswonthefirstprize,oftenhappens.TheworstmatterImafraidofhappenedintheend.Hefailedtomakehisplanontime,whichwasstrangeforhisboss.ThisistheverybookIhavebeenlookingfor.Thisteacher,withsonIwork,islikedbyallthestudents.仿寫練習(xí)組句：將下面句子連成一句話。Aplaneisamachine.Themachinecanfl

18、y.ThegirlisMary.Wesawheryesterday.Shewastalkingwithalady.Hersonwasill.學(xué)習(xí)好資料Theclotheshavebeencleaned.Imwearingthem.Heissittinginachair.Itisbroken.強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練把下列中文用定語從句翻譯成英文。他在中國參觀的第一個博物館是歷史博物館。你有任何關(guān)于這個主題的信息都發(fā)給我吧。不到長城非好漢。那條兩邊都是樹的河一直流向海洋。媽媽給我買了臺電腦作為生日禮物,這正是我所渴望的掌握一門外語很有用,這是大家公認(rèn)的學(xué)習(xí)好資料定語從句二(介詞+關(guān)系代詞的用法)關(guān)系代詞在定語從

19、句中做介詞賓語時，從句常由介詞關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)Theschool(that/which)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazine(that/which)youaskedfor.TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazineforwhichyouasked.Wellgotohearthefamoussinger(whom/thato/w)hwehaveoftentalkedabout.Wellgotohearthefamou

20、ssingeraboutwhomwehaveoftentalked.注意：1.含有介詞的動詞短語一般不拆開使用，女如:lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等Thisisthewatchwhich/thatIamlookingfor.(T)ThisisthewatchforwhichIamlooking.(F)若介詞放在關(guān)系代詞前，關(guān)系代詞指人時用whom，不可用who或者that;指物時用which，不能用that;關(guān)系代詞是所有格時用whose.Themanwithwhomyoutalkedismyfriend.(T)Themanwho/thatyoutalkedwith

21、ismyfriend.(F)TheplaneinwhichweflewtoCanadaisverycomfortable.(T)TheplaneinthatweflewintoCanadaisverycomfortable.(F)Tom,onwhosebikeIwenttoschoolisafriendofmine.(T)介詞+關(guān)系代詞”前可有some,any,none,both,all,neither,most,each,fe等代詞或者數(shù)詞Helovedhisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.Inthebaskettherearequitema

22、nyapples,someofwhichhavegonebad.Therearefortystudentsinourclassinall,mostofwhomarefrombigcities.復(fù)合介詞短語+關(guān)系代詞which”引導(dǎo)的定語從句，這種結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)的定語從句常與先行詞用逗號隔開,定語從句常用倒裝語序。Helivedinabighouse,infrontofwhichstoodabigtalltree.總結(jié)：判斷介詞的方法有以下三種：看從句謂語部分缺少什么介詞(習(xí)慣搭配)先行詞放在從句中需不需要添介詞通過整個句子整體含義來判斷學(xué)習(xí)好資料專項練習(xí)2用”介詞+關(guān)系代詞”填空Theyheldam

23、eeting,thehospitaldirectormadeaspeech.Thebook,hepaid6yuan,isworthreading.IsthisthemanhousethepolicefoundthelostcolouredTV?WuDong,Iwenttotheconcert,enjoyeditverymuch.ThestoriesaboutLongMarch,thisisoneexample,arewellwritten.單項選擇Doyouknowwholivesinthebuildingthereisawell?C.infrontofwhichD.infrontwhichT

24、hewomanmybrotherspokejustnowismyteacher.A.whoB.towhomC.towhoD.whomHisglasses,hewaslikeablindman,felltothegroundandbroke.A.whichB.withwhichC.withoutwhichD.thatIhaveboughttwoballpens,writeswell.1945.A.duringwhichB.inthatC.whereD.onwhichRecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase,wasveryreasonable.C.itspriceD.

25、thepriceofwhoseThedictionary,Ipaid80dollars,wasstolen.A.whichB.thatC.forwhichD.towhichGrandmaLianghastwosons,aresoldiers.A.twoofwhomB.whomC.bothofwhomD.oneofthemHearrivedhalfanhourlate,madeuseunhappy.A.thatB.asC.whatD.whichJane,sistersarefamousmodelsintheworld,willattendthe學(xué)習(xí)好資料importantceremony.仿寫練

26、習(xí)用介詞+關(guān)系代詞的形式把下列句子翻譯成英文。Jim是我的外教，從他身上我學(xué)到了很多有用的東西。我喜歡窗子朝南的房子。他給了我?guī)妆疚也惶煜さ母枨袊性S多大河流，其中長江和黃河是最重要的河流。他有兩個兄弟，沒有一個是教師。綜合強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練Itisbynomeansclearthepresidentcandotoendthestrike.A.whoB.whichC.thatD.asIwishtothankProfessorSmith,withouthelpIwouldneverhavegotthisfar.A.whoB.whoseC.whomD.thatMariahaswrittentwonove

27、ls,bothofhavebeenmadeintotelevisionseries.A.themB.thatC.whichD.asTheairqualityinthecity,isshowninthereport,hasimprovedoverthepasttwomonths.A.thatB.itC.asD.whatMrs.LeewillmoveintothenewhousenextMonday,itwillbecompletelyfinished.學(xué)習(xí)好資料Heissuchalovelystudenteveryoneloves.逃學(xué)）yesterday,madetheteacherverydisappointed.A.asB.thatC.whichD.whoHaveyouseenthebookisyellow?scoverisknowntousallthatChinahasthelargestpopulationintheworld.A.AsB.WhichC.ThatD.ItEllenwaspainterofbirdsandofnature,forsomereason,hadwithdrawnfromallhumansociety.shouldbeconsidered.A.thatB.inthatC.whichD.inwhichAlotoflanguage