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1、藥品說明書英文翻譯進(jìn)口藥英文說明書的結(jié)構(gòu)簡介藥品說明書”的英文表達(dá)方式有Instructons,Directions,Description 現(xiàn)在多用Package Insert,或簡稱 Insert,也有用Leeflet或Data Sheets。Insert原意為“插入物,插頁”。藥品說明書即為附在每種藥品包裝盒中的一份用藥說明。經(jīng)過注冊的進(jìn)口藥品一般是國家承認(rèn)的有效藥物,其說明書是指導(dǎo)醫(yī)生與患者合理用藥的重要依據(jù),具有一定的法律效力。進(jìn)口藥英文說明書的結(jié)構(gòu)簡介藥品名稱(Drug Names)性狀(Description)藥理作用(Pharmacological Actions)適應(yīng)癥(In

2、dications)禁忌證(Contraindications)用量與用法(Dosage and Administration)不良反應(yīng)(Adverse Reactions)注意事項(xiàng)(Precautions)包裝(Package)貯存(Storage)其他項(xiàng)目(Others)藥品名稱英文藥品說明書中常見的藥品名稱有商品名( Trade Name或 Proprietary Name),通用名( Generic Name)和化學(xué)名(Chemical Name),其中最常見的是商品名。例如,日本田邊有限公司生產(chǎn)的熊去氧膽酸片,其商品名為 Ursosan(Tablets):通用名為 Ursodesox

3、ycholic Acid(熊去氧膽酸);化學(xué)名為3a,7p dihydroxy-5p-Cholanoic acid(3a,7p二羥基5p膽烷酸)。有時(shí)同一種藥品,不同的廠家使用不同的商品名稱。藥品名稱藥品說明書中的標(biāo)題藥名用其商品名。有時(shí)在其右上角(或在上角)有一(R)標(biāo)記,例如ADRIBLASTNA(R)(阿霉素),TEGRETOL(痛痙寧)?!癛”是Register(注冊)的縮寫,(R)表示該產(chǎn)品已經(jīng)本國的有關(guān)部門核準(zhǔn)取得了此項(xiàng)專用的注冊商標(biāo)(Registered Trade Mark)。有時(shí)在商品名之下(或后)又列有通用名或化學(xué)名.例如: Rulide(羅力得)之下列有(Roxithro

4、mycin,羅紅霉素): Minipress(脈寧平)之后列有(Praxosin HCI,鹽酸哌唑嗪); Nitro-Dur(護(hù)心貼片之下又列有( Nitroglycerin,硝酸甘油)。藥品名稱的翻譯藥品名稱的翻譯可采用音譯、意譯、音意合譯及諧音譯意等方法。 1、音譯:按英文藥品名歌的讀音譯成相同或相近的漢語。如:Tamoxitn它莫西芬,Ritalin利他林,Amcacin 阿米卡星。音譯較為方便,但不能表意。 2、意譯:按藥品名稱所表達(dá)的含意譯成相應(yīng)的漢語。例如:cholic Acid 膽酸,Tetracyline四環(huán)素;也可按其藥理作用翻譯如:Minidiab滅糖尿(治療糖尿病藥物),

5、Natulan療治癌(細(xì)胞生長抑制劑),Uraly消石素(治療尿路結(jié)石藥物)等。 3、音意合譯:藥品名稱中的一部分采用音譯,另一部分采用意譯.例如:Coumadin香豆定(coumarin香 豆素),Neo-Octin新握克?。╪eo-新);Medemycin麥迪霉素(mycin 霉素),Cathinone卡西酮(one酮)。 4、諧音譯意:以音譯為原則,選用諧音的漢字,既表音,又表意,音意結(jié)合。例如:Antrenyl安胄靈,Doriden多睡丹,Legalon利肝隆,Webilin胃必靈.商品名稱可以這樣翻洋,而法定名稱則規(guī)定不可以這樣翻譯。藥品的化學(xué)名稱藥品的化學(xué)名稱反映出該藥品的化學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)

6、組成成分,可借助英漢化學(xué)化工詞典進(jìn)行翻譯。如果名稱很長,可以分解開來,分別查出各個(gè)組成部分的名稱,組合而成。例如:Catalin(卡他林)的化學(xué)名稱是1Hydroxy- 5oxo-5Hpyrido(3,2a)Phenoxazine3-carboxylic acid,譯成漢語是1-羥基5氧5H吡啶并(3,2a)吩 嗪3羧酸。如能掌握一些常用的酸、堿、鹽、基因、化合物的英文名稱,以及常用的前綴、后綴等,翻譯時(shí)會(huì)順利得多。例如:chloride氯化物,sulfate(sulphate)硫酸鹽,acetyl 一乙酰基,amino氨基,di-二,dihydro-二氫。nitro-硝基,ester酯,la

7、ctone內(nèi)酯,one酮、oxide氧化物,urea脲等等.Description(性狀)在藥品說明書及藥典中一般都譯為“性狀”,其內(nèi)容主要是介紹外觀、理化性質(zhì)、組成成分、結(jié)構(gòu)、特征等。這一項(xiàng)最常用的標(biāo)題是Description,此外還可能有其他的表示法,如: Chemical Structure 化學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu) Composition 成分 Physical and Chemical Properties 理化性質(zhì) 這一項(xiàng)中的英語詞匯除一部分化學(xué)專業(yè)詞匯外,多為常用詞,借助英漢化學(xué)化工詞典及英漢詞典即可通讀。本項(xiàng)中常見的句型例1Folic acid is a yellowish to orange

8、, crystalline powder; odourless or almost odourless. 葉酸是淡黃色至橙色結(jié)晶粉末,無臭或幾乎無臭。 例2Intralipos 10% is a white opaque fat emulsion for intravenous injection, containing 10 % W/V of purified soybean oil. 脂肪乳劑(10%)是白色,不透明,供靜脈注射用的脂肪乳劑,含有10%(W/V)的精制大豆油。 例3Ursosan Tablet 50mg is a white plain tablet which conta

9、ins 50mg of ursodesoxycholic acid. 熊去氧膽酸片為白色素片,每片含50mg熊去氧膽酸。 例4Sterile pyrogen-free, orange red, freeze-dried powder in vials containing 10mg and 50mg of doxorubicin hydrochloride with lactose. (本品)為小瓶裝,滅菌無熱原,桔紅色凍干粉末,每小瓶含有10mg或50mg阿霉素鹽酸鹽與乳糖。例5It occurs as a white to off-white, crystalline solid, poo

10、rly soluble in water, dilute acid and most organic solvents. 本品(炎痛息康)為白色至類白色結(jié)晶固體,難溶于水、稀酸及大多數(shù)有機(jī)溶劑中。 例6Pamine, chemically known as epoxytropine tropate methylbromide, has the empirical formula C18H24NO4Br and the molecular weight 398.3. 哌明的化學(xué)名稱為環(huán)氧莨菪堿托品酸酯溴代甲烷,實(shí)驗(yàn)式為C18H24NO4Br,分子量為398.3。 例7Kanendomycin i

11、s a very stable antibiotic, and its activity does not decrease when the powder is placed in an airlight container and kept at room temperatures for more than 2 years. 卡內(nèi)多霉素是一種很穩(wěn)定的抗生素,其粉末置于密封容器中,在室溫下保存二年以上,活性不減。 例8This product is prepared from units of human plasma which have been tested and found no

12、nreactive for hepatitis associated (Australia) antigen. 本品由人血漿制備,此血漿業(yè)經(jīng)檢驗(yàn),并且證明對(duì)肝炎(澳大利亞)抗原無反應(yīng)。常用的詞語1、表示組成、制備的詞及短語,如: be derived from 由衍生 consist of 由組成 be obtained 制得 contain 含有 be prepared from 由制備 have (possess) 有(具有)2、表示性質(zhì)的一些詞類,如: colo(u)r 顏色 stable 穩(wěn)定的 taste 味道 molecular formular 分子式 odo(u)rless 無

13、臭的 molecular weight 分子量 crystalline 結(jié)晶的 structure 結(jié)構(gòu) solubility 溶解度 injection 注射劑 insoluble 不溶的 solution 溶液 odo(u)r 氣味 tablets 片劑 colo(u)rless 無色的 derivative 衍生物 tasteless 無味的 liquid 液體 sterile 無菌的 powder 粉沫 soluble 可溶的 solid 固體藥理作用藥理作用(Pharmacological Actions)。其內(nèi)容主要包括藥理作用、臨床藥理(Clinical Parmacology)

14、、體外試驗(yàn)(in vitro experiments)、藥物代謝(Metabolism)、藥效(Potency)及毒性(Toxicity)等。這一項(xiàng)常用的標(biāo)題是: Pharmacological Action 藥理作用 Pharmacological Properties 藥理性質(zhì) Pharmacology 藥理學(xué) Clinical Pharmacology 臨床藥理 其他的表示方法還有: Actions 作用 Actions and Properties 作用與性質(zhì) Clinical Effect (Use) 臨床效果(用途) Mechanism of Action 作用機(jī)理 Mode of

15、 Action 作用方式 如果藥品的一種抗生素,可能出現(xiàn): Biological Action 生物活性 Microbiology 微生物學(xué)常見句型舉例例1. Mean peek serum concentrations of tobramycin occur between 30 and about 60 minutes after intramuscular administration. 肌注后約3050分鐘之間妥布毒素的平均血藥濃度達(dá)到高峰。 例2. Nembutal Sodium exerts a depressant action on the CNS and shares the

16、 sedative-hypnotic actions typical of the barbiturates. 戊巴比妥鈉對(duì)中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生抑制作用,并顯示戊巴比妥類特有的鎮(zhèn)靜催眠作用 例3. In clinical trials the drug was shown to be highly effectinve in improving and normalizing the alterated cerebral circulation and those disorders related to insufficient arterial flow in the limbs. 臨床試驗(yàn)證

17、實(shí),本品療效高,可改善已改變了的腦循環(huán),使之恢復(fù)正常,治療與四肢動(dòng)脈血流不暢有關(guān)的疾病。 例4. Orbenin is stable to staphylococcal penicillinase, and highly effective against resistant staphylococci.It is bactericidal, acid-stable and well absorbed by either the oral or the intramuscular route. 全霉林對(duì)葡萄球菌的青霉素酶穩(wěn)定,對(duì)耐藥葡萄球菌十分有效。本品具殺菌、耐酸作用,且口服或肌注吸收良好。

18、例5. Nystain has been found to inhibit the growth of yeast like flora in the intestinal tract. 已查明制霉菌素在腸道內(nèi)可抑制菌叢類酵母菌的生長。 例6. Fenarol has proved to be effective as a striated muscle relaxant. 已證明芬那露是療效很好的橫紋肌松施藥。 例7. Halcion is a potent short-acting hypnotic agent, which produces its hypnotic activity f

19、rom the first night of administration. 好而睡是一種強(qiáng)力速效催眠藥,它從服藥后的第一個(gè)夜晚開始產(chǎn)生催眠作用。 例8. Therapeutically, ATP injection exhibits effects, especially such as activation of the function and metabolism of the nerve, and also coronary and peripheral vasodilation to increase the blood stream.從治療上看,三磷酸腺苷注射劑顯示了非常好的效果

20、,特別是在活化神經(jīng)的功能及代謝,以及舒張冠狀與外周血管以增加血流方面更是如此。 常用詞及短語舉例、動(dòng)詞 absorb 吸收 act 作用 cause (be cause by) 引起(由引起) demonstrate 顯示 exert (action on) 起作用 exhibit 顯示 inhibit 抑制 accumulate 積蓄 administrate 投藥 excrete 排泄 result in 導(dǎo)致 indicate 表明 maintain 維持 produce 產(chǎn)生 protect (from) 保護(hù)(不變) reach 達(dá)到 show 顯示,表明 treat 治療 meta

21、bolize 代謝 promote 促進(jìn) prevent 阻止,預(yù)防 tolerate 耐受形容詞 (be) active (effective) against 對(duì)有效的 (be) related to 與有關(guān)的 (be) sensitive to 對(duì)敏感的 resistant to 有耐藥性的 average 平均的 minimum 最低(小)的 maximum 最高(大)的 normal 正常的名詞 ability 能力 activity 活性 distribution 分布 excretion 排泄 action 作用 clearance 廓清率 effect on 對(duì)的作用 func

22、tion 功能,作用 half life 半衰期 in vitro 體外 kidney 腎 mechanism 機(jī)理 serum concentration 血清濃度 tolerance 耐受性 infection 感染 in vivo 體內(nèi) level 水平,濃度 plasm lever 血漿濃度(水平) toxicity 毒性適應(yīng)癥適應(yīng)癥最常用的有以下幾種表示方法 Indications適應(yīng)癥 Indications and Usage 適應(yīng)癥與用途 Major(Principal)Indications 主要適應(yīng)癥 Uses用途 Action and Use作用與用途本項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)頻率最高的

23、是疾病名稱以及微生物(尤其是致病菌)的名稱,如: angina pectoris 心絞痛 cancer癌 diabetes(mellitus)糖尿病 hypertension 高血壓 gram-positive microorganisms(bacteria)革蘭氏陽性菌 virus 病毒 gramnegative mcroorgansms(bacteria)革蘭氏陰性菌 E.coli 大腸桿菌常見句型1、不完全句結(jié)構(gòu)僅列出疾病或微生物的名稱例如: 例1、Angina pectoris, Prinzmetals angina,hypertension 心絞痛,變異性心絞痛,高血壓。 例 2 T

24、he following diseases caused by bacteria including grampositive and gramnegative bacteria such as Staphylococcus,Streptcoccus, Escherichia coli,Klebsiella pneumoniae 用于治療由革蘭氏陽性和革蘭氏陰性細(xì)菌,如葡萄球菌、鏈球菌。大腸桿菌、肺炎桿菌引起的下列疾病 2 由For(或In等)引出的短語,例如: 例3 For prevention of the advance of cataract. 用于預(yù)防白內(nèi)障進(jìn)展。 例 4 In th

25、e treatment of all forms of pulmonary tubercuosis in association with other antitubercular drugs. 與其他抗結(jié)核藥配伍,治療各種類型肺結(jié)核。常見句型To+動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成的短語,如: 例 5 To prevent the formation of urinary calculi,especially in cases where they tend to recur. 用于預(yù)防尿路,特別是易發(fā)部位的結(jié)石的形成。 例6 To protect the liver cell during administra

26、tion of drugs hazardous to the liver 在服用對(duì)肝臟有危害的藥物期間,用以保護(hù)肝細(xì)胞。常見句型完整的句子結(jié)構(gòu)或段落,有時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)很復(fù)雜; 例 7 Amikacin is useful in the treatment of infections from Gramnegative sensitive species,there included the Pseudomonas species;it may also be useful to treat infections caused by sensitive staphylococci, 阿米卡星可用于治療革

27、蘭氏陽性敏感菌(其中包括假單孢菌)引起的感染,也可用于治療敏感葡萄球菌引起的感染。 例 8 Nebcin is indicated for the treatment of the following infections caused by susceptible microorganisms: 乃柏欣適用于治療下列由敏感細(xì)菌引起的感染: 例 9 Octinum D has proved effective in the prophylaxis and therapy of disorders arising from spasm of the smooth musculature. 新握克

28、了已證實(shí)對(duì)平滑肌痙攣引起的病癥有預(yù)防和治療作用。 例10 Fungizone intravenous is especially intended to treat cryptococcosis 注射用凡疾送特別適用于治療隱球菌病。 例11 Kanamycin is active both in vitro and vivo against Grampossitive and Gramnegative bacteria as well as acid-fast bacteria 卡那霉素在體外及體內(nèi)對(duì)革蘭氏陽性和革蘭氏陰性菌以及耐酸菌都有效。例12 Benemid is recommended

29、 for the treatmemt of gout and gouty arthritis, and to increase and prolong the plasma concentration of penicillins and cephalosporins during anti-infective therapy. 丙磺舒被推薦用于治療痛風(fēng)及痛風(fēng)關(guān)節(jié)炎,及在強(qiáng)化抗感染治療時(shí)增加并延長青霉素類及頭孢菌素類的血漿濃度。 例 13 Information available at present suggests that Oncovin may be useful either al

30、one or in conjunction with other oncolytic drugs for the treatment of acute leukaemias 據(jù)現(xiàn)有資料表明,硫酸長春新堿可單獨(dú)使用,亦可與其他溶瘤細(xì)胞藥物合用,以治療急性白血病 例14 Adriamycin is frequenly used in combination chemotherapy regiments with other cytotoxyc drugs. 阿霉素常與其他細(xì)胞毒藥物合用于化療方案。 例 15 Concomitant therapy with other calcium antago

31、nists,antihypertensives and alcohol may potentiate the hypotensive action of the drug. 與其他的鈣桔抗劑、抗高血壓藥物及酒精飲料同時(shí)使用,會(huì)增強(qiáng)本品的降低血壓的作用。本項(xiàng)中的常用詞及短語舉例許多常用詞及疾病名、微生物名詞等與“藥理作用”項(xiàng)類同,此外還有以下詞組與短語(例句參見前文)。 be active against對(duì)有效 be intended to適用于 be administared in 適用于 be of value of 適用于 be effective in (for,against)對(duì)有效

32、be recommended for 推薦用于 be employed to 用于 be used to(for,as)用于 be helpful in 用于 be useful in 用于 be indicated in(for)適用于 for(in) the treatment(management)of 用于治療(控制)表示與“其他藥物合用”的結(jié)構(gòu)有: be associated with in association with be combined with in combination with be compatible with in connjunction with con

33、comitant with together with禁忌癥本項(xiàng)中最常用的英語表示法是Contraindications,也有用Restrictions on Use(用藥限制)的。 一、本項(xiàng)中涉及到禁用(或慎用)某些藥物的患者或某種特殊情況,例如: 1、孕婦、妊娠期或哺乳期,幼童等: pregnant woman 孕婦 lactation 哺乳期 in pregnancy 妊娠期 children under years of age 歲以下兒童 the first trimester (3 months) of pregnancy 妊娠期的最初三個(gè)月禁忌癥患有某些疾病或過敏的患者,如: a

34、llergic (hypersensitive) to 對(duì)過敏的 allergic (anaphylactic) reaction 過敏反應(yīng) allegy (hypersensitivity) to 對(duì)過敏 patients with (who) 患有的患者本項(xiàng)中常出現(xiàn)一些疾病名稱cardiac failure 心力衰竭 hypertension 高血壓 cardiac (renal) insufficiency 心(腎)功能不全 severe hypotension 嚴(yán)重低血壓 impairment of kidney (renal function) 腎功能損傷 diabetes 糖尿病

35、liver (hepatic) damage 肝損傷 severe anemia 嚴(yán)重貧血常見句型省略句型,只列出禁忌對(duì)象或疾病名稱等。 例1. Pregnacy, allergy to methotrexate, functional disorders of liver and kidneys, diseases of the haematopoietic system (bone marrow hypoplasia, leucopenia, thrombocy - to penia, anaemia), intectious diseases, ulcers of the oral ca

36、vity and the gastrointestinal tract, recent operation wounds. 孕期,對(duì)氨甲葉酸過敏,肝、腎功能障礙,血液系統(tǒng)疾?。ü撬铏C(jī)能減退、白細(xì)胞及血小板減少、貧血),傳染病,口腔及胃潰瘍,近期術(shù)后傷口等忌用 例2. Hypersensitivity to quinoiones, severerenal insufficiency. 對(duì)喹喏酮類過敏,嚴(yán)重腎功能不全。完整的句子或段落其中常用的結(jié)構(gòu)有: contraindications are 禁忌癥是 be contraindicated in (for) 對(duì)禁忌 should not be

37、used (employed) in 不得用于 It is advisable to avoid the use of 建議不用于 must not be administered (given) to 對(duì)不得用藥 should be used with caution 慎用 be not recommended for 最好不用于 none reported 未見報(bào)道 not known 不清楚例3. Cetazolin sodium is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to cephalosporin gro

38、up of antibiotics. 先鋒5號(hào)禁用于已知對(duì)頭孢菌素類抗生素過敏的患者。 例4. It is advisable to avoid the use of Aramine with cyclo-propane or halothane anesthesia, unless clinical circumstances demand such use. 如果不是臨床需要,建議本品不要與環(huán)丙烷或氟溴氯乙烷麻醉劑合用。 例5. Do not take Benemid if prior administration resulted in hypersensitivity Benemid

39、is not recommended for persons with known disorders of the blood or uric acid kidney stones. Do not give Benemid to children under two years of age. 若以前使用丙磺舒曾引起過敏反應(yīng),則應(yīng)禁用。已知有血液疾患及尿酸性腎結(jié)石的患者建議不要使用本品,二歲以下兒童不得服用。 例6. Phenothiazine compounds should not be used in patients receiving large doses of hypnotic

40、s, and should be used, with caution in patients with a history of convulssive disorders, since grand mal convulsions have been known to occur. 接受大劑量安眠藥的患者不應(yīng)使用吩噻嗪化合物,對(duì)有驚厥病史的患者應(yīng)慎用,因?yàn)橐阎邪l(fā)生過癲癇大發(fā)作。例7. Ursosan should not be given to patients suffering from fulminant hepatitis and bile duct obstruction. 暴發(fā)

41、性肝炎及膽管阻塞患者禁用熊去氧膽酸。例8. This product is contraindicated in those patients who have shown hypersensitivity to it unless, in the opinion of the physician, the condition requiring treatment is life threatening and amenable only to amphotencin B therapy. 除非根據(jù)醫(yī)生的意見,認(rèn)為需要治療的患者的病情危及生命,并且只有兩性霉素治療才可能使其有所改善之外,對(duì)本

42、品過敏的患者禁用本品。 例9. Children under 5 years of age should not be treated with Antistine. 5歲以下兒童禁用敵胺。 例10. The use of Alexan in nursing mothers is not recommended. 哺乳期婦女最好不用愛力生。 例11. Pregnancy: Coumadin is contraindicated in women who are or may become pregnat because the drug basses through the placental

43、 barrier and may cause fatal hemorrhage to the felus in utero. 妊娠期禁用:香豆素禁用于孕婦,或可能已懷孕的婦女,因?yàn)楸酒房赡艽┻^胎盤屏障,引起子宮內(nèi)胚胎致命的出血。在 Restrictions on use 的項(xiàng)目中有時(shí)還有小標(biāo)題 Contraindications 禁忌癥 Precautions (Note) 注意事項(xiàng) Warning 警告 Pregnancy and Lactation 妊娠與哺乳用量與用法本項(xiàng)最常用的英語表示法有:Dosage and Administration 用(劑)量與用法Route of Admin

44、istration 給藥途徑(用法)Administration 用法Direction for Use 用法Method of (for) Administration 用法Application and Dosage 用法與用(劑)量Mode of Application 用法Dosage 用(劑)量How to Use 用法Posology 劑量學(xué)常用表示劑量的術(shù)語average dose 平均劑量 minimal (minimum) dose 最小有效量daily dose 日劑量(一日量) multiple dose 多劑量divided dose 分次劑量 overdose (ov

45、erdose) 過量fatal (lethal) dose 致死量 single dose 一次劑量indicated dose 有效劑量 standard dose 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(合適)劑量initial (beginning, starting) dose 首次量 suggested (recommended) dose 推薦劑量maintenance dose 維持量 therapeutic dose 治療劑量maximum dose 最大劑量(極量) usual (normal) dose 常用劑量常用的劑量單位表示法g=gram 克 l=liter (litre) 升醫(yī)學(xué) 全在.線提供mg=

46、milligram 毫克 ml=milliliter 毫升kg=kilogram 千克 c.c. 毫升mcg=microgram 微克 I.U.=international unit 國際單位ug 微克 body weight 體重per square meter of body surface 每平方米體表面積每次給藥次數(shù)的表示方法daily (per day, a day, every day ) 每日every hours 每隔小時(shí)intervats of 每隔once (twice) daily (a day) 每日一(二)次every other day 每隔一日three time

47、s a day (daily) 每日三次three times a week 每周三次once (twice) a week (weekly) 每周一(二)次Divided into doses 分次in two or three divided doses 分為二或三次(個(gè)劑量)例1 Unless other wise prescribed by the physician, the average daily dose is 1 capsule 3 times daily.如果醫(yī)生不另開處方,平均日劑量為每日3次、每次1個(gè)膠襄。例2 The suggested dose is 10 to

48、15 mg per kg body weight daily in 3-4 divided doses orally, taken with meets.日劑量最好每公斤體重10-15mg,分3-4次口服,與食物共服。例3 The initial dosage recommended is 1/2 tablet of Madopa 250 three times daily.開始劑量最好為每日3次,每次半片美多巴250。例4 Children: The usual dose is 50 to 100 mg/kg/day total, given in four equally divided

49、and spaced doses.兒童:常用總劑量為每日50-100mg/kg體重,均分為四等份,等間隔給藥。例5 The recommended starting dose is 20mg given as a single daily dose.推薦的首劑量為每20mg,一次服用。給藥對(duì)象adolescents 青少年 intant(s) 幼兒adult(s) 成年人 male 男性baby (babies) 嬰兒 newborn baby (babies) 新生兒children (child) 兒童 patient(s) 患者,病人debilitated patients 體弱患者 p

50、ediatric 兒科的elderly patient(s) 老年患者 pregnant women 孕婦female 女性 senile patient(s) 老年患者(病人)給藥方式的表示法intra-arterially 靜脈內(nèi)給藥 by mouth (OS) 口服intragluteally 臀肌內(nèi)給藥 by phleboclysis 靜脈輸液intramuscularly 肌內(nèi)給藥 by intramuscular (IM) injection 肌肉注射intraperitoneally 腹(膜)腔內(nèi)給藥 by intravenous (IV) injection 靜脈注射intra

51、pleurally 胸(膜)腔內(nèi)給藥 by the intra-articatar administration 關(guān)節(jié)內(nèi)給藥intrathecally 鞘內(nèi)給藥 by the intramuscular administration (route) 肌內(nèi)給藥intravenously 靜脈內(nèi)給藥 by the intranasal route 鼻內(nèi)給藥locally 局部給藥 orally 口服給藥給藥方式的表示法parenterally 腸道外給藥 by the intraperitoneal administration 腹(膜)腔內(nèi)給藥subconjuntivally 結(jié)膜下給藥 by

52、the intravenous infusion (perfusion) 靜脈輸注subcutaneously 皮下給藥 sublingually 舌下給藥submucously 粘膜下給藥 by the intrathecal administration 鞘內(nèi)給藥by aerosol 噴霧給藥 by the subligual administration 舌下給藥by drip phleboclysis 點(diǎn)滴靜脈輸液 per rectum 直腸給藥by enema 灌腸 per vaginum 陰道給藥by lumbar 腰椎給藥 pro recto 直腸給藥表示“投藥”的常用動(dòng)詞adm

53、inister (或be administered、give、be given、indicate、be indicated) 給藥、投藥use (或be used 、employ、be employed) 用藥recommend (be recommended、suggest、be suggested) 推薦給藥表示不同的用藥方式的動(dòng)詞take 服用 inhale 吸入 apply to 用于、涂于、敷于spray 噴霧 inject 注射 swallow 吞服例6 the recommended single dose is 1 ampoule, given subcutaneously,

54、intramuscularly or intravenously.建議一次劑量為1安瓶,皮下、肌肉或靜脈注射給藥。例7 I.M injections should be administered in the amount of 25-50mg daily per kilo of body weight, subdivided into injections every 6-8-12 hours.肌肉注射:每日每公斤體重給藥25-50mg,每6-8-12小時(shí)一次。例8 For adults give intramuscular injection of 400 to 600 mg per da

55、y in 2-3 divided doses. For intants give intramuscular injection of 10-20mg/kg per day in two divided doses.成年人:肌肉注射,每日400-600mg,分2-3次注射;嬰兒:肌肉注射,每日10-20mg/kg體重,分2次注射。例9 The tablets (or the syrup) are to be taken during or after a meal with a little liquid.片劑(或糖漿)應(yīng)于食間或飯后用少量液體送服。例10 Apply the Nitro-Du

56、r system firmly to the skin surface. The Nitro-Dur system may be applied to any convenient skin area, a recommended side of application is the arm or chest.把護(hù)心貼片緊貼在皮膚表面,護(hù)心貼片可貼在任何方便的皮膚區(qū)域,最好是貼在手臂或胸部。例11 In general 1 to 3 metered doses should should be inhaled or sprayed onto or under the tongue at the

57、 every oneset of anginal pain.一般應(yīng)在心絞痛開始發(fā)作時(shí)就吸入,或向舌上或舌下噴入1-3個(gè)規(guī)定的劑量。其它的短語或句型according to 根據(jù) be adjusted 調(diào)整 depend on 依據(jù) adapt to 適合,修改on the basis of 在基礎(chǔ)上 vary fromto 變化范圍由至,因而異range from to 變化范圍由至it is advisable to (it is recommended to、it is suggested to ) 建議例12 Dosage should be adapted to patients i

58、ndividually, on the basis of periodic tests of glycosuria and blood sugar.在周期性檢驗(yàn)?zāi)蛱呛脱堑幕A(chǔ)上,調(diào)整劑量,使之適用于不同的患者。例13 It si advisable to initiate therapy with massive doses: 3x2 tablets daily after meals over 2-4 days.建議開始治療時(shí)采用大劑量,每日劑量為3x2片,飯后服用,持續(xù)2-4日。例14 In severs chronic cases, treatment is started with

59、daily 1 to 2 ampoules of Bilocid and continused with one ampoule every other day, injected slowly by the intravenous route.治療嚴(yán)重的慢性疾病時(shí),治療從每日1-2支利膽素注射劑開始,繼續(xù)治療時(shí)每隔一日1安瓶緩慢靜脈注射。例15 The number of injections required may vary from from patient to patient.所需注射次數(shù)因患者而異。例16 The dosage of Glutril must be adjuste

60、d by the doctor according to the individual metabolic state.格路特利的劑量需由醫(yī)生根據(jù)每個(gè)患者的代謝狀況調(diào)整。例17 In such instance, it is recommended that the dose be reduced.在這種情況下,建議減少劑量。例18 The maintenance dosage is determined by response of the patient.維持劑量視患者對(duì)藥物的反應(yīng)而定。不良反應(yīng)不良反應(yīng)這一項(xiàng)中包括藥物的副作用、癥狀及體征、毒性作用及耐受力、過敏反應(yīng)、停藥等?,F(xiàn)分述如下:1

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